Piagets stages of cognitive development

Piaget’s Stages of
Cognitive Development
BY: Jean Piaget

Proposed the four stages of cognitive
development.
Believed that children are like
"little scientists”
Jean Piaget

Schema
Cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually
adapt to and organize their environment.
It is an individual’s way to understand or create
meaning about a thing or experience.
Cognitive Concept

Schema
For instance, if a child sees a dog for the first time he
creates his own schema of what a dog is. It has four
legs and a tail. It barks and furry. When he sees
another similar dog, he pulls out
stored schema info to describe.
Cognitive Concept

Assimilation
The process of fitting a new experience into an
existing or previously created cognitive structure or
schema.
Cognitive Concept

Assimilation
If a child sees another dog, this time a little smaller
one and different color, he would make sense of what
he is seeing by adding this new information unto his
new schema.
Cognitive Concept

Accommodation
The process of creating a new schema.
Cognitive Concept

Accommodation
Need community or parent description to assist the
child to create a new schema to be added on his filing
cabinet.
Cognitive Concept

Equilibration
Equilibration is achieving proper balance between
assimilation and accommodation
When our experiences do not match our schemata or
cognitive structures, we experience cognitive
disequilibrium. This means there is discrepancy
between what is perceived and what is understood.
We then exert effort through assimilation and
accommodation to establish equilibrium once more.
Cognitive Concept

Cognitive development involves a continues effort to
adapt to the environments in term of assimilation and
accommodation.
Cognitive Concept

Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Stage
Birth to 2 Years
Preoperational
Stage
2 to 7 Years
Concrete
Operational Stage
7 to 11 Years
Formal
Operational Stage
11 and up

Sensori-motor Stage
During this stages, infants and toddlers acquire
knowledge through sensory experiences and
manipulating objects.(Birth to 2 years old)

Sensori-motor Stage
Object permanence
During this stages, infants and toddlers acquire
knowledge through sensory experiences and
manipulating objects.(Birth to 2 years old)

Pre-Operational Stages
(around age 2 to age 7)
During this stage, children begin to engage in symbolic
play and learn to manipulate symbols. However,
Piaget noted that they do not
yet understand concrete logic.

This stage is highlighted by the following.
1. Symbolic Function
2. Egocentrism
3. Centration
4. Irreversibility
5. Animism
6. Transductive Reasoning
7. Seriation

Symbolic Function
Develops in the period between 2 to 7 years
This is the ability to represent object and events.
Ex:
A 2 year old child pretend that she is drinking from a glass which is
really empty.

Egocentrism
This is the tendency of the child to only see his point
of view and to assume that everyone also has his
same point of view

Centration
This refers to the tendency of the child to only focus
on the aspect of a thing or event and exclude other
aspects.
The child only focused or centered only one aspect.

Irreversibility
Pre-operational children still have the inability to
reverse their thinking. They can understand that 2+3 is
5, but cannot understand that 5-3 is 2

Animism
This is the tendency of children to attribute human
like traits or characteristics to inanimate object.
When at night, the child is asked, where the sun is,
she will reply, “Mr. Sun is asleep”

Animism
This refers to the pre-operational child’s type of
reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive.
For example:, since her mommy comes home everyday
around six o’ clock in the evening, when asked why it is already
night, the child will say “because my mom is already home”

Concrete-Operational Stages
(Ages 8-11)
Ability of the child to think logically but only in terms
of concrete objects.
The concrete operational stage is marked by the
following:
1. Decentering
2. Reversibility
3. Conservation

Decentering
This refer to the ability of the child to perceive the
different features of object and situations.
This allows the child to be more logical when dealing
with concrete objects and situations.

Reversibility
During this stage, the child can now follow that certain
operations can be done in reverse.
This allows the child to be more logical when dealing
with concrete objects and situations.
Can already comprehend the commutative property
of addition, and that subtraction is the reverse of
addition.

Conservation
Ability to know that certain properties of object like
numbers, mass, volume, or area do not change even
there is a change in appearance.
=

Seriation
Ability to order or arrange things in a series based on
one dimension such as weight, volume or size.

Formal Operation Stage
(Ages 12-15)
Thinking becomes more logical. They can now solve
abstract problems and can hypothesize.
Formal Operation
being able to manipulate
The world in your mind

This stage characterized by the following.
1. Hypothetical Reasoning
2. Analogical reasoning
3. Deductive Reasoning

Hypothetical Reasoning
Ability to come up with different hypothesis about a
problem and to gather and weigh data in order to
make a final decision or judgment.
This can be done in the absence of concrete object.
The individuals can deal with “What if” questions.

Analogical reasoning
Ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and
then use that relationship to narrow down possible
answers.

Deductive Reasoning
Ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a
particular instance or situation.
Ex: Countries is north pole have cold temperatures.
Greenland is near the North pole. Therefore,
Greenland has cold temperature.

Piagets stages of cognitive development

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