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Political Spectrum
LG: Compare and contrast the
party platforms of the two major
parties over time including
conservative & liberal positions
on common issues [12.12a.2]
Left of Moderate
 Liberal– [Left] – Believe that the
 government should actively promote
 social reform to increase individuals’
 well being. Favor change but work
 peacefully within existing political
 system. [Democrats, Green Party]
Right Side of Moderate
 Conservative  – [Right] – Government
 should stay out of the lives of people
 and businesses, except on moral
 issues. Favors the state quo, [the way
 things are]. Hesitant to change. Will
 work peacefully within the existing
 political system. [Republicans, Reform]
Middle of the Spectrum
 Moderate  – [Middle] – Moderates are
 people who have opinions between
 liberal and conservative and may
 include some of both. They are
 generally tolerant of many view points.
 They generally don’t hold any extreme
 view points.
Far Left Side of the Spectrum
 Radical – [Far Left] – Favor a rapid
 fundamental change in the existing
 social, economic or political order. Will
 use extreme measures including
 violence to achieve their goals.
 [Communist]
Far Right of the Spectrum
 Reactionary  – [Far Right] – Advocate a
 return to a previous state of affairs,
 often a social, political or economic
 order that existed earlier in history. Will
 use extreme measures to achieve their
 goals including violence. [Dictatorships,
 Monarchies, Oligarchies (Taliban)]
Moderate



 Liberal                             Conservative




Radical                                Reactionary



           Left              Right
Liberal                     Conservative
                   Change
                   Tradition
        Problems are circumstantial
           Problems are individual
    Gov’t is responsible for social reform
      Gov’t needs to be less involved
       Freedom – personal choices
   Equality–fairness–level the playing field
                Human rights
                Property rights
               Moral Absolutes
               Relative Values
Democrat vs. Republican




 Liberal vs. Conservative
Ideology applied to issues

              Change   Tradition


 Pro-choice                          Pro-life


Gay marriage                       Heterosexual
                                     marriage

                                   Flag burning
Flag burning                       amendment
Problems in society

               circumstantial   Individual

                                             Welfare limits
Welfare programs

                                         Private health care
Health care for all
                                             Tough on crime
Drug rehabilitation
    programs
The role of government in society


               Gov’t is responsible   Gov’t should be
                For social reform      less involved

   Education funding                               School vouchers

 Assistance programs                             Charity tax deductions

Environmental protection                                De-regulation
Equality - Freedom

                Social equality   Individual freedom

Anti-discrimination                           The right to hire


  Gender equity
                                                 Merit pay
Affirmative action
     programs
                                                competition
The people’s rights

                       Human rights   Property rights


      Environment                                       Pro-business


  Assistance programs
                                                          Tax cuts

         Crime
Prevention – rehabilitation                         Tough on crime
                                                     Death penalty
Morality

         Relative Values   Moral absolutes

 Pro-choice                                  Pro-life

  Gay rights                          Traditional Family

                                      Criminalize drugs
Legalize drugs
Rex Tugwell, an advisor to president FDR, said that different attitudes toward
change characterize adherents to different political philosophies. He wrote that if a
community needed a new train station [or education reform, crime control, etc.]
the spectrum would do so in what ways?:

 ________    would like to rebuild the train
  station while the train is running;
 ________ prefer to blow up the train
  station and forgo service until the new
  structure is built
 ________ would prefer to keep the
  train station, being satisfied with it,
 While, ________ would abandon the
  train station entirely since they do not
  approve of train stations in the first
  place.
The History of Political Parties
 LG:Analyze the origin, development,
 and role of political parties. [12.12a.1]
Political Parties:
          What do they do?
 Promote   a political agenda to influence
  government policy and action
 Select candidates for election
 Educate voters
 Finance election campaigns
 Fill government positions
2 “Big Tent” Parties
    Both Republicans and Democrats are
considered “Big Tent” parties because there
are many different groups that support
unrelated issues who associate with the same
party. For example, African Americans,
environmentalists, pro-choice Americans and
gay Americans all are special interest groups
whose members typically vote for the
Democrat party.
    Often in American politics third parties
limit their interests to a single issue. For
example, the Green Party is a political party
that puts environmentalism at the center of its
agenda.
Role of Political Parties
      Role                Description

Select candidates Parties select candidates,
                  present them to voters and
                  work to win elections
Educate voters    Parties inform people by
                  presenting information about
                  issues or beliefs through
                  pamphlets, newspapers,
                  rado, tv, speeches,
                  conventions
Roles, continued…
Govern      Those who govern are chosen on
            the basis of party; appointments
            are made with an eye to the party
            of the potential officeholder


Finance   Parties raise funds to ensure that
campaigns candidates have financial support
          to run their campaigns
Roles, continued…
Watchdog      The party that is not in power
              criticizes the policies of the
              party in power. This party plays
              the role of the “loyal opposition.”
Question:
Which role of a political party do you think
 most influences the political process?
Political Parties:
  Who are they?
What do they want?

  Democrats and
   Republicans
The History of Democrats
      The first two presidents of the US, George
 Washington and John Adams were Federalists. They
 believed in a strong central government. Both were
 wealthy men who owned property and were very
 concerned with improving commerce and ensuring
 property rights.
      The Anti-Federalists evolved into the Democrat-
 Republican party. Thomas Jefferson, the third
 President of the United States was the first
 Democrat-Republican to be elected President. They
 were mostly supported by working class small
 farmers from the South who valued their liberties,
 resented big business and possessed a general
 suspicion of government.
George Washington and John
Adams were both Federalists who
  believed in a strong central
         government.
Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe, the 3rd and 5th Presidents
   of the United States signed the Constitution in support of a
strong federal government, but came to distrust an all powerful
   central government. They called themselves Democratic-
       Republicans and openly sympathized with the Anti-
                            Federalists.
                        Thomas Jefferson
                          James Monroe
Andrew Jackson was the first Democrat
         elected President!
         Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the US
    was an war hero who as a general defeated the
    British at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of
    1812. He was the first presidential candidate to run
    as a Democrat. History knows him as the first
    President to frequently veto laws passed in
    Congress. Jackson was responsible for
    enfranchising all white males (giving them the right to
    vote), large Indian removal projects and the
    distribution of land to white southern farmers.
    Jackson’s Democrats were also considered the party
    in favor of slavery and as a result typically won
    elections in southern states.
   For more information click on
    http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj7.htm
    l
Andrew Jackson used a donkey to symbolize
 his working class roots and ever since the
Democrats have been known as the part of the
                 donkey.
Democrat History Continued
      Democrats evolved into the party that
 represented mainly the working classes of
 cities in the North and predominantly white
 agricultural workers in the South until 1932.
 Famous Democrats of this time period
 included James Polk, Andrew Johnson, and
 Woodrow Wilson.
Franklin Delanor Roosevelt
transformed the Democrat party into
          what it is today.
      FDR captured the White House in 1932
 and led the United States out the Great
 Depression by expanding government
 services like welfare, social security, jobs
 programs and to a lesser extent supporting
 civil rights laws. John F. Kennedy and
 Lyndon Baines Johnson continued the
 tradition set by FDR in pushing forward civil
 rights laws such as the Civil Rights Act of
 1964 and expanding the welfare state (a type
 of government designed to take care of its
 citizens, rather than ask them to take care of
 themselves) government’s role in society with
 the creation of Medicare, Medicaid and the
 expansion of welfare.
Democrats Today
       Today the Democrats are commonly
  perceived as the party of big government,
  civil rights, women’s rights, environmentalism,
  the poor and pacifism (slow to go to war).
  Currently one major candidate is running in
  the Democrat primary in search of their
  party’s nomination for the 2012 election:
 Barak Obama
Party power point
History of the Republicans
     The Republicans were born in 1854 with
 support of abolitionists (people against
 slavery) and those who supported a strong
 federal government. Abraham Lincoln was
 the first Republican to be elected President.
The Radical Republicans were responsible for
 pushing for Reconstruction efforts after the
 Civil War in the South. Later, in the late
 1880s Republicans became known as the
 party of big business.
The Republican Party was born amidst
tensions between slave and free states in
1850s. They tended to find more support
           in northern states.
History of Republicans
     In the 1920s Republicans such as
 Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover
 were known for laissez faire economics
 (free market) and isolationism (the US
 should mind its own business and stay
 out of world affairs). They favored small
 government, were against taxes and
 thought that the economy could take
 care of itself if left to its own devises.
Republicans came to be associated with
elephants due to the political cartoons of
        Thomas Nast in 1874.
The Republican Party transformed itself
from a political party of the North to one
    of the South and West in 1968.
     The modern Republican Party was born
 out of Richard Nixon’s Southern Strategy in
 which Nixon appealed to southern white
 voters by proclaiming his support of states
 rights and promised to make the US safer.
 Today the Republican party stands for many
 of the issue Richard Nixon supported such as
 lower taxes, small government, the rights to
 carry arms, pro-life policies, a strong military
 and a smaller welfare state.
Republicans Today!
       The Republican party today tends to
  support public policies that limit the size of
  government and cut taxes. Typically, they
  also support the War on Terror, are generally
  opposed to the legalization of abortion (pro-
  life) and vote against programs to increase
  the size of the welfare state.
 Rudy Guiliani
 Mitt Romney
 Fred Thompson
 John McCain
Party power point
The map below shows the states that were
won by the Democrat Presidential nominee
 Al Gore and the Republican Presidential
    nominee George Bush in 2000.
What are the differences between
 Republicans and Democrats
             today?
The Economy and Taxes
Democrats                         Republicans
 Are generally in favor of large 
                                    Are generally in favor of a
  government and a progressive        smaller government
  tax system in which the
  wealthy pay a larger share         Generally for free market
  than the poor                       agreements with other
 Tend to be against                  countries, like NAFTA-
  international free trade            North American Free Trade
  agreements because they             Agreement.
  claim that such trade              Vehemently against raising
  agreements hurt American            taxes even if it means a
  workers and in particular           budget deficit
  unions
 Tend to believe in a balanced      Tend to believe in global
  budget and are willing to raise     trade and don’t tend to
  taxes if needed                     protect US businesses
 Tend to make laws to protect        from international
  American businesses from            competition
  international competition
National Defense and Security
Democrats                 Republicans
 Tend to cut the          Believe in a strong

  military budget           military and are willing
                            to pay for it with
 Generally want to         government money
  avoid American           Believe in confronting
  military intervention     American enemies with
  unless supported by       or without UN support
  the United Nations       Believe in using military
 Tend to believe in        intervention when
                            American interests or
  diplomacy and are         security is threatened
  slow to go to war         more quickly than
                            Democrats
Entitlements- Welfare, Medicaid,
Social Security, Health Care
Democrats                    Republicans
 Generally think that the    Generally think the
  government should            government should
  provide a broad safety       limit or reduce the
  net (health care,            safety net for the
  education, welfare, food
  stamps) for the poor
                               poor.
  and others.                 They believe that
 They generally think         private businesses
  these policies help the      and non-profit
  common good and are          charities can provide
  compassionate                the same services
Crime and Punishment
Democrats                Republicans
 Tend to focus on        Tend to focus on
  rehabilitation           prison sentences as
  programs over long       a deterrent to crime
  prison sentences for    Usually for the death
  convicted criminals      penalty
 Usually against the     Usually for stiffer
  death penalty            penalties for
 Focus on rights of       convicted criminals
  the accused
Environmental Protection
Democrats             Republicans
                       Favor fewer
 Favor stricter
                        restrictions on
  regulations on        businesses in the
  businesses to         hopes that wealthier
  protect the           companies will be
  environment           able to be more
 Believe global        environmental
  warming is a real    Many do not believe
  threat                global warming is a
                        real threat
Abortion and Stem Cell Research
Democrats                Republicans
 Tend to be pro-         Tend to be pro-life-
  choice- believe that     do not believe that
  a woman should           women have a right
  always have the          to have an abortion
  right to choose to       and instead call
  have an abortion         abortion a form of
 Tend to favor stem-      murder
  cell research           Tend to be against
                           stem-cell research
Energy Policy
Democrats              Republicans
 Focus on              Focus on securing
  researching            existing energy
  alternative energy     sources for the
  sources for the        present and future
  future
Values- Same Sex Marriage and
Civil Rights Laws
 Democrats               Republicans
 Tend  to support the    Tend  to oppose the
 right for same-sex       right for same-sex
 couples to marry         couples to marry
Education
 Democrats            Republicans
 Oppose  using tax    Favorusing tax
 money for school      money for school
 choice (vouchers      choice (vouchers
 and charters)         and charters)
Immigration
Democrats               Republicans
 Favor looser           Favor stricter
  immigration laws        immigration laws
 Some favor             Some favor
  “Amnesty” for           punishment or
  illegals already in     deportation for
  the country             illegals already in
                          the country
Check Out How Each Party Feels About
    Issues That Are Important to You?
  Which Candidate Do You Agree With?
Democrats           Republicans

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Party power point

  • 2. LG: Compare and contrast the party platforms of the two major parties over time including conservative & liberal positions on common issues [12.12a.2]
  • 3. Left of Moderate  Liberal– [Left] – Believe that the government should actively promote social reform to increase individuals’ well being. Favor change but work peacefully within existing political system. [Democrats, Green Party]
  • 4. Right Side of Moderate  Conservative – [Right] – Government should stay out of the lives of people and businesses, except on moral issues. Favors the state quo, [the way things are]. Hesitant to change. Will work peacefully within the existing political system. [Republicans, Reform]
  • 5. Middle of the Spectrum  Moderate – [Middle] – Moderates are people who have opinions between liberal and conservative and may include some of both. They are generally tolerant of many view points. They generally don’t hold any extreme view points.
  • 6. Far Left Side of the Spectrum  Radical – [Far Left] – Favor a rapid fundamental change in the existing social, economic or political order. Will use extreme measures including violence to achieve their goals. [Communist]
  • 7. Far Right of the Spectrum  Reactionary – [Far Right] – Advocate a return to a previous state of affairs, often a social, political or economic order that existed earlier in history. Will use extreme measures to achieve their goals including violence. [Dictatorships, Monarchies, Oligarchies (Taliban)]
  • 8. Moderate Liberal Conservative Radical Reactionary Left Right
  • 9. Liberal Conservative Change Tradition Problems are circumstantial Problems are individual Gov’t is responsible for social reform Gov’t needs to be less involved Freedom – personal choices Equality–fairness–level the playing field Human rights Property rights Moral Absolutes Relative Values
  • 10. Democrat vs. Republican Liberal vs. Conservative
  • 11. Ideology applied to issues Change Tradition Pro-choice Pro-life Gay marriage Heterosexual marriage Flag burning Flag burning amendment
  • 12. Problems in society circumstantial Individual Welfare limits Welfare programs Private health care Health care for all Tough on crime Drug rehabilitation programs
  • 13. The role of government in society Gov’t is responsible Gov’t should be For social reform less involved Education funding School vouchers Assistance programs Charity tax deductions Environmental protection De-regulation
  • 14. Equality - Freedom Social equality Individual freedom Anti-discrimination The right to hire Gender equity Merit pay Affirmative action programs competition
  • 15. The people’s rights Human rights Property rights Environment Pro-business Assistance programs Tax cuts Crime Prevention – rehabilitation Tough on crime Death penalty
  • 16. Morality Relative Values Moral absolutes Pro-choice Pro-life Gay rights Traditional Family Criminalize drugs Legalize drugs
  • 17. Rex Tugwell, an advisor to president FDR, said that different attitudes toward change characterize adherents to different political philosophies. He wrote that if a community needed a new train station [or education reform, crime control, etc.] the spectrum would do so in what ways?:  ________ would like to rebuild the train station while the train is running;  ________ prefer to blow up the train station and forgo service until the new structure is built  ________ would prefer to keep the train station, being satisfied with it,  While, ________ would abandon the train station entirely since they do not approve of train stations in the first place.
  • 18. The History of Political Parties  LG:Analyze the origin, development, and role of political parties. [12.12a.1]
  • 19. Political Parties: What do they do?  Promote a political agenda to influence government policy and action  Select candidates for election  Educate voters  Finance election campaigns  Fill government positions
  • 20. 2 “Big Tent” Parties Both Republicans and Democrats are considered “Big Tent” parties because there are many different groups that support unrelated issues who associate with the same party. For example, African Americans, environmentalists, pro-choice Americans and gay Americans all are special interest groups whose members typically vote for the Democrat party. Often in American politics third parties limit their interests to a single issue. For example, the Green Party is a political party that puts environmentalism at the center of its agenda.
  • 21. Role of Political Parties Role Description Select candidates Parties select candidates, present them to voters and work to win elections Educate voters Parties inform people by presenting information about issues or beliefs through pamphlets, newspapers, rado, tv, speeches, conventions
  • 22. Roles, continued… Govern Those who govern are chosen on the basis of party; appointments are made with an eye to the party of the potential officeholder Finance Parties raise funds to ensure that campaigns candidates have financial support to run their campaigns
  • 23. Roles, continued… Watchdog The party that is not in power criticizes the policies of the party in power. This party plays the role of the “loyal opposition.”
  • 24. Question: Which role of a political party do you think most influences the political process?
  • 25. Political Parties: Who are they? What do they want? Democrats and Republicans
  • 26. The History of Democrats The first two presidents of the US, George Washington and John Adams were Federalists. They believed in a strong central government. Both were wealthy men who owned property and were very concerned with improving commerce and ensuring property rights. The Anti-Federalists evolved into the Democrat- Republican party. Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States was the first Democrat-Republican to be elected President. They were mostly supported by working class small farmers from the South who valued their liberties, resented big business and possessed a general suspicion of government.
  • 27. George Washington and John Adams were both Federalists who believed in a strong central government.
  • 28. Thomas Jefferson and James Monroe, the 3rd and 5th Presidents of the United States signed the Constitution in support of a strong federal government, but came to distrust an all powerful central government. They called themselves Democratic- Republicans and openly sympathized with the Anti- Federalists. Thomas Jefferson James Monroe
  • 29. Andrew Jackson was the first Democrat elected President! Andrew Jackson, the 7th President of the US was an war hero who as a general defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. He was the first presidential candidate to run as a Democrat. History knows him as the first President to frequently veto laws passed in Congress. Jackson was responsible for enfranchising all white males (giving them the right to vote), large Indian removal projects and the distribution of land to white southern farmers. Jackson’s Democrats were also considered the party in favor of slavery and as a result typically won elections in southern states.  For more information click on http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj7.htm l
  • 30. Andrew Jackson used a donkey to symbolize his working class roots and ever since the Democrats have been known as the part of the donkey.
  • 31. Democrat History Continued Democrats evolved into the party that represented mainly the working classes of cities in the North and predominantly white agricultural workers in the South until 1932. Famous Democrats of this time period included James Polk, Andrew Johnson, and Woodrow Wilson.
  • 32. Franklin Delanor Roosevelt transformed the Democrat party into what it is today. FDR captured the White House in 1932 and led the United States out the Great Depression by expanding government services like welfare, social security, jobs programs and to a lesser extent supporting civil rights laws. John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Baines Johnson continued the tradition set by FDR in pushing forward civil rights laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and expanding the welfare state (a type of government designed to take care of its citizens, rather than ask them to take care of themselves) government’s role in society with the creation of Medicare, Medicaid and the expansion of welfare.
  • 33. Democrats Today Today the Democrats are commonly perceived as the party of big government, civil rights, women’s rights, environmentalism, the poor and pacifism (slow to go to war). Currently one major candidate is running in the Democrat primary in search of their party’s nomination for the 2012 election:  Barak Obama
  • 35. History of the Republicans The Republicans were born in 1854 with support of abolitionists (people against slavery) and those who supported a strong federal government. Abraham Lincoln was the first Republican to be elected President. The Radical Republicans were responsible for pushing for Reconstruction efforts after the Civil War in the South. Later, in the late 1880s Republicans became known as the party of big business.
  • 36. The Republican Party was born amidst tensions between slave and free states in 1850s. They tended to find more support in northern states.
  • 37. History of Republicans In the 1920s Republicans such as Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover were known for laissez faire economics (free market) and isolationism (the US should mind its own business and stay out of world affairs). They favored small government, were against taxes and thought that the economy could take care of itself if left to its own devises.
  • 38. Republicans came to be associated with elephants due to the political cartoons of Thomas Nast in 1874.
  • 39. The Republican Party transformed itself from a political party of the North to one of the South and West in 1968. The modern Republican Party was born out of Richard Nixon’s Southern Strategy in which Nixon appealed to southern white voters by proclaiming his support of states rights and promised to make the US safer. Today the Republican party stands for many of the issue Richard Nixon supported such as lower taxes, small government, the rights to carry arms, pro-life policies, a strong military and a smaller welfare state.
  • 40. Republicans Today! The Republican party today tends to support public policies that limit the size of government and cut taxes. Typically, they also support the War on Terror, are generally opposed to the legalization of abortion (pro- life) and vote against programs to increase the size of the welfare state.  Rudy Guiliani  Mitt Romney  Fred Thompson  John McCain
  • 42. The map below shows the states that were won by the Democrat Presidential nominee Al Gore and the Republican Presidential nominee George Bush in 2000.
  • 43. What are the differences between Republicans and Democrats today?
  • 44. The Economy and Taxes Democrats Republicans  Are generally in favor of large  Are generally in favor of a government and a progressive smaller government tax system in which the wealthy pay a larger share  Generally for free market than the poor agreements with other  Tend to be against countries, like NAFTA- international free trade North American Free Trade agreements because they Agreement. claim that such trade  Vehemently against raising agreements hurt American taxes even if it means a workers and in particular budget deficit unions  Tend to believe in a balanced  Tend to believe in global budget and are willing to raise trade and don’t tend to taxes if needed protect US businesses  Tend to make laws to protect from international American businesses from competition international competition
  • 45. National Defense and Security Democrats Republicans  Tend to cut the  Believe in a strong military budget military and are willing to pay for it with  Generally want to government money avoid American  Believe in confronting military intervention American enemies with unless supported by or without UN support the United Nations  Believe in using military  Tend to believe in intervention when American interests or diplomacy and are security is threatened slow to go to war more quickly than Democrats
  • 46. Entitlements- Welfare, Medicaid, Social Security, Health Care Democrats Republicans  Generally think that the  Generally think the government should government should provide a broad safety limit or reduce the net (health care, safety net for the education, welfare, food stamps) for the poor poor. and others.  They believe that  They generally think private businesses these policies help the and non-profit common good and are charities can provide compassionate the same services
  • 47. Crime and Punishment Democrats Republicans  Tend to focus on  Tend to focus on rehabilitation prison sentences as programs over long a deterrent to crime prison sentences for  Usually for the death convicted criminals penalty  Usually against the  Usually for stiffer death penalty penalties for  Focus on rights of convicted criminals the accused
  • 48. Environmental Protection Democrats Republicans  Favor fewer  Favor stricter restrictions on regulations on businesses in the businesses to hopes that wealthier protect the companies will be environment able to be more  Believe global environmental warming is a real  Many do not believe threat global warming is a real threat
  • 49. Abortion and Stem Cell Research Democrats Republicans  Tend to be pro-  Tend to be pro-life- choice- believe that do not believe that a woman should women have a right always have the to have an abortion right to choose to and instead call have an abortion abortion a form of  Tend to favor stem- murder cell research  Tend to be against stem-cell research
  • 50. Energy Policy Democrats Republicans  Focus on  Focus on securing researching existing energy alternative energy sources for the sources for the present and future future
  • 51. Values- Same Sex Marriage and Civil Rights Laws  Democrats  Republicans  Tend to support the  Tend to oppose the right for same-sex right for same-sex couples to marry couples to marry
  • 52. Education  Democrats  Republicans  Oppose using tax  Favorusing tax money for school money for school choice (vouchers choice (vouchers and charters) and charters)
  • 53. Immigration Democrats Republicans  Favor looser  Favor stricter immigration laws immigration laws  Some favor  Some favor “Amnesty” for punishment or illegals already in deportation for the country illegals already in the country
  • 54. Check Out How Each Party Feels About Issues That Are Important to You? Which Candidate Do You Agree With? Democrats Republicans