This document provides an overview of MongoDB basics, including: - A history of MongoDB and how it enables working with non-structured data and real-time analytics. - MongoDB's ranking as the highest placed non-relational database and as a "Challenger" to relational databases. - How MongoDB works using a clustered architecture with shards, replica sets, config servers, and mongos processes to provide scalability, high availability, and load balancing. - Key MongoDB concepts like documents, collections, embedded documents, and schema flexibility compared to a traditional SQL schema. - MongoDB utilities for backup, restore, and monitoring like mongoexport, mongorestore, mongostat, and mongotop.

1. León, December 4th 2015
Juan Antonio Roy Couto
basicsbasics

2. #UniLEMongoDB
Twitter Hashtag MongoDB Basics
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3. Who am I?
Juan Antonio Roy Couto
❏ Financial Software Developer
❏ Email: juanroycouto@gmail.com
❏ Twitter: @juanroycouto
❏ Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/juanroycouto
❏ Slideshare: slideshare.net/juanroycouto
❏ Personal blog: http://www.juanroy.es
❏ Contributor at: http://www.mongodbspain.com
❏ Charrosfera member: http://www.charrosfera.com
MongoDB Basics
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4. ❏ History
❏ Ranking, Who, Community & Metrics, Drivers
❏ Products
❏ Cluster Overview
❏ Characteristics
❏ Schema Design
❏ How does MongoDB work?
❏ Utilities
❏ Data analytics
❏ Ops Manager
❏ Cloud Manager
Agenda MongoDB Basics
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5. History MongoDB Basics
MongoDB
Internet of things
Cloud computing
Wearables
Apps
Smart cities
❏ Non structured data
❏ Enabling Big Data analytics
❏ Faster development
❏ Real time analytics
❏ Better strategic decisions
❏ Reduce costs and time to
market
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6. DB Ranking
DB-Engines Ranking & Gartner Magic Quadrant
MongoDB Basics
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7. Who? MongoDB Basics
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Who is using MongoDB?
https://www.mongodb.com/who-uses-mongodb
Who provides MongoDB?
https://www.mongodb.com/partners/list

8. Community & Metrics
https://www.mongodb.org/community
MongoDB Basics
❏ 10 million downloads
❏ 2,000+ customers (including over one third of the Fortune 100)
❏ 100+ MongoDB User Groups and 40,000 members worldwide
❏ 300,000+ Education Registrations
❏ The only “Challenger” to relational databases in Gartner’s
Operational Database Magic Quadrant
❏ Highest placed non-relational database in DB Engines rankings
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9. Drivers
https://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/drivers/
MongoDB Basics
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MongoDB
APP
DRIVER
❏ c
❏ c++
❏ c#
❏ Java
❏ Node.js
❏ Perl
❏ PHP
❏ Python
❏ Motor
❏ Ruby
❏ Scala
❏ Go
❏ Erlang

10. Products
https://www.mongodb.com/products/overview
MongoDB Basics
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Enterprise Advanced
❏ 24-365 Support
❏ Ops or Cloud Manager
❏ Advanced Security
❏ On-Demand Training, ...
Professional
❏ Expert Support
❏ Cloud Manager
Cloud Manager
Development
❏ Expert Support
❏ Enterprise Advanced
❏ Personal Training
Ops Manager Consulting Training

11. Concepts MongoDB Basics
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MongoDB SQL
Database Database
Collection Table
Document Row
Field Column
Embedding/$lookup Join

12. Stand-alone MongoDB installation MongoDB Basics
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MongoDB
Client
DRIVER
Client
DRIVER
Client
DRIVER

13. SecondarySecondary
Replica Set MongoDB installation MongoDB Basics
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Primary
Client
DRIVER
Client
DRIVER
Client
DRIVER
Replica Set

14. Replica Set
Secondary
Secondary
Cluster overview MongoDB Basics
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Primary
Client
DRIVER
Client
DRIVER
Client
DRIVER
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
mongos mongos mongos
config server
config server
config server
Shard 0 Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard N-1

15. Characteristics
http://www.mongodbspain.com/en/2014/08/17/mongodb-characteristics-future/
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MongoDB Characteristics
Open Source & General Purpose NoSQL Database Document Oriented (JSON) & Schemaless
High Availability (Native Replication) Automatic Failover
Scalability (Auto Sharding & Load Balancing)
TTL Indexes, Capped Collections, Index Intersection, full-text
search, GeoSpatial Queries (2d & 2dsphere)
Security (Authentication, Authorization, Users, Roles) Aggregation Framework & MapReduce
Connectors for:
● Hadoop & Spark (Batch Data Processing)
● BI (Business Inteligence)
Pluggable Storage Engine API (WiredTiger, MMAPv1,
Encrypted,In-memory,...)
Joins ($lookup) Document validation, Compass GUI, ...

16. JSON Document MongoDB Basics
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> db.customers.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("54131863041cd2e6181156ba"),
"first_name" : "Peter",
"last_name" : "Keil",
"address" : {
"street" : "C/Alcalá",
"number" : 123,
"location" : "Madrid",
},
"pets" : [
{
"type" : "Dog",
"breed" : "Airedale Terrier",
"name" : "Linda",
},
{
"type" : "Dog",
"breed" : "Akita",
"name" : "Bruto",
}
]
}
>

17. SQL Schema Design MongoDB Basics
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❏ Customer Key
❏ First Name
❏ Last Name
Tables
Customers
❏ Address Key
❏ Customer Key
❏ Street
❏ Number
❏ Location
Addresses
❏ Pet Key
❏ Customer Key
❏ Type
❏ Breed
❏ Name
Pets

18. MongoDB Schema Design MongoDB Basics
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Customers Collection
❏ Street
❏ Number
❏ Location
Addresses
❏ Type
❏ Breed
❏ Name
Pets
Customers Info
❏ First Name
❏ Last Name
❏ Type
❏ Breed
❏ Name
> db.customers.findOne()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("54131863041cd2e6181156ba"),
"first_name" : "Peter",
"last_name" : "Keil",
"address" : {
"street" : "C/Alcalá",
"number" : 123,
"location" : "Madrid",
},
"pets" : [
{
"type" : "Dog",
"breed" : "Airedale Terrier",
"name" : "Linda",
},
{
"type" : "Dog",
"breed" : "Akita",
"name" : "Bruto",
}
]
}
>

19. ❏ Replica set
❏ Shards
❏ config servers
❏ mongos
❏ Cluster overview
Cluster overview MongoDB Basics
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20. Cluster overview
Replica Set
❏ High Availability
❏ Data Safety
❏ Asynchronous
❏ Automatic Node Recovery
❏ Read Preference
❏ Write Concern
Replica Set
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
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21. ❏ Scale out
❏ Even data distribution across all of the
shards based on a shard key
❏ A shard key range belongs to only one
shard
❏ More efficient queries (performance)
Cluster overview
Shards
Cluster
Shard 0 Shard 2Shard 1
A-I J-Q R-Z
MongoDB Basics
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22. Cluster overview
Config servers
❏ config database
❏ Identical information (consistency check).
❏ Metadata:
❏ Cluster shards list
❏ Data per shard (chunk ranges)
❏ ...
❏ Replica Set (3.2 version)
MongoDB Basics
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23. ❏ Receives client requests and returns results.
❏ Reads the metadata and sends the query to the necessary
shard/shards.
❏ Does not store data.
❏ Keeps a cache version of the metadata.
Cluster overview
mongos
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24. Definitions
❏ Range: Data division based on the values of the shard key.
❏ Chunk: They are not physical data. Chunks are just a logical grouping of
data into ranges (64MB by default).
❏ Split: Chunk division (size > 64MB). No data is moved. Background.
❏ Migration: Chunk movements between shards in order to get an even
distribution. Only one chunk is moved at a time.
❏ Balanced system: The same number of chunks per shard.
❏ Balancer: Checks if a migration is needed and starts it (background).
❏ Pre-split: First data is split, then it is stored.
❏ Tag-based sharding: Used when you want to pin ranges to a specific
shard.
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25. How does MongoDB work?
Shard 0 Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3
mongos
Client
Migrations
MongoDB Basics
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26. Utilities
Backup tools
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Name Description
mongoexport Generates a JSON or CSV file from a mongodb instance
mongoimport Imports content from a JSON, CSV or TSV export
mongodump Utility for creating a binary export
mongorestore Writes data to a mongodb instance from a binary file

27. Utilities
Track tools
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Name Description
mongostat
Provides a quick overview of the status of a running mongod or
mongos instance
mongotop
Provides a method to track the amount of time a mongodb
instance spends reading or writing data.
mongotop provides statistics on a collection level.
By default, returns values each second.

28. Data analytics MongoDB Basics
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❏ Internals
❏ Aggregation Framework
❏ Map Reduce
❏ Externals
❏ Spark
❏ Hadoop
❏ Tableau (BI)
❏ ...

29. OPS Manager MongoDB Basics
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The best way to run MongoDB within your own data center or public cloud
❏ Monitors 100+ key database and system health metrics
(operations, memory, CPU,...)
❏ Customizable web dashboard
❏ Deploy new clusters (adding shards, replica set members,…)
❏ Alerts
❏ Backup (point-in-time recovery)
❏ Automation (upgrades, scaling,..)

30. Cloud Manager MongoDB Basics
❏ Simplify complex operational tasks (Reduce tedious manual steps to just a click of a button)
❏ Automated database management (deploy and upgrade with zero downtime)
❏ Continuous real-time backup (Cloud manager is disaster recovery).
❏ Full performance visibility
❏ Alerts
❏ Get the insights you need to make critical decisions fast.
❏ Cloud Manager saves you time, money, and helps you protect the customer experience by
eliminating the guesswork from running MongoDB.
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31. ❏ High Performance
❏ Flexible
❏ Automatic Scalable
❏ Automatic Failover
❏ High Availability
❏ Reduced Administrative Tasks (replica set, sharding, disaster recovery)
❏ Real Time Analytic Tools (aggregation framework, mapReduce, Hadoop,
Spark, and BI connectors,...)
❏ Easy To Learn
Summary MongoDB Basics
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32. Questions?
Questions? MongoDB Basics
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33. Thank you for your attention!
MongoDB Basics
León, December 4th 2015
Juan Antonio Roy Couto