Presentation by Wiebke Loosen, Julius Reimer, Laura Ahva and Mark Deuze at the ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference on February 14th, 2019, in Vienna.

1. X Journalism
Exploring journalism’s diverse meanings ⏤
through the names we give it
Loosen/Reimer/Ahva/Deuze
14 February 2019 | Vienna| ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference

2. Journalism

3. Collaborative Journalism

4. Automated Journalism

5. Drone Journalism

6. Crossborder Journalism

7. Investigative Journalism

8. New Journalism

9. Collaborative Journalism
Automated JournalismCrossborder Journalism
Drone Journalism
Investigative Journalism
Robot Journalism
Quantitative Journalism
Visual Narrative Journalism
Post-industrial Journalism
Crowdfunded Journalism
Entrepreneurial Journalism
Non-profit Journalism
Citizen Journalism
Participatory Journalism
Networked Journalism
Mobile Journalism
Global Journalism
Hyperlocal Journalism

10. Modifier + Journalism = X Journalism

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X Journalism: Initial Observations
11
• On-going introduction of new ‘journalisms’ as an indicator of
journalism’s increasing complexity and constant transformation
• Gaining momentum in recent years
• Signalling/claiming a certain specificity and novelty
• An indicator that an approach or practice has gained a certain
awareness in the field
• A practice by which researchers and practitioners alike attempt to
keep apace with the dynamics of the field

12. The X Journalism Project

13. ► Loosen et al. | 14 February 2019 | Vienna | ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference
The „J-Wall“
13
• Start of the collection: 2010,
analogue
• By-product of the DFG-funded
project “Re-discovering the
audience”

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• First attempt of
systematization
with the help of a
mind mapping tool
• Including
references,
definitions,
relations etc.
• Revival of the idea
2018 in Tampere

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16. ► Loosen et al. | 14 February 2019 | Vienna | ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference
The X Journalism Project
16
• Taking the on-going introduction of X Journalisms as an indicator of
journalism’s increasing complexity and constant transformation
• Aim: Mapping journalism’s complexity and tracing its differentiation
through the names we give it
• A still small international network of journalism researchers – with the
intention of growing and also integrating practitioners
• Collected approximately 130 X Journalism terms so far and ‘crowd-
categorized’ the differentiating aspects they refer to

17. Collaborative Journalism
Automated JournalismCrossborder Journalism
Drone Journalism
Investigative Journalism
Robot Journalism
Quantitative Journalism
Visual Narrative Journalism
Post-industrial Journalism
Crowdfunded Journalism
Entrepreneurial Journalism
Non-profit Journalism
Citizen Journalism
Participatory Journalism
Networked Journalism
Mobile Journalism
Global Journalism
Hyperlocal Journalism

18. ► Loosen et al. | 14 February 2019 | Vienna | ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference
X Journalism: A Typology
18
1. Technology
2. Motivation and focus(/style of reporting)
3. Thematic focus/beat
4. Audience-relationship
5. Organizational of newswork/economic model
6. Place/locus
7. Time
8. …

19. ► Loosen et al. | 14 February 2019 | Vienna | ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference
X Journalism: What Is It Good For?
20
• Compatible with various theories/approaches such as systems theory
(Scholl/Malik 2019; Loosen 2015), boundary work/social constructivism (Carlson
2016), genre theory (Buozis/Creech 2018; Erjavec/Poler Kovačič 2009), etc.
• Can be used for many different purposes:
• Reconstructing the strategies behind the use of X Journalism terms in
academia and in the field of journalism itself
• Analyzing what types of terms (dis)appear at what time, e. g. to identify and
distinguish trends/phases in journalism’s transformation
• Distinguishing between terms of unchanged relevance and those with shorter
lifespans
• Identifying particular patterns of (re-)differentiation within categories
• …

20. ► Loosen et al. | 14 February 2019 | Vienna | ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference
Test Case: Audience-oriented X Journalisms
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1975: community
1993: public
1995: civic
1998: participatory
2001: interactive
2002: collaborative
2014: reciprocal
2015: engaged,
conversational
2017: relational
2018: discursive
2010: crowdsourced
2011: crowdfunded
Working for the
audience
Working with
the audience
Awareness and
empathy
Particular, invited
contributions
Database research: EBSCO CMMC; 23 audience-oriented X Journalisms à approx. 700 articles
External validity:
Audience engagement experienced similar reframing (Krumsvik 2017; Malmelin/Villi 2015)

21. ► Loosen et al. | 14 February 2019 | Vienna | ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference
X Journalism: What’s Next?
22
• Turn our collection into an open, crowdsourced, and constantly
growing database that helps trace and research developments in the
field by systematizing emerging X Journalisms
• Refine our mapping and categorization approach
• Build a bridge to practice
• Hopefully stimulate a variety of research, practice, and teaching
projects around the X Journalism idea
• …

22. Please tweet your
X Journalism terms:
#xjournalism
@X_Journalism
Thank you!
14 February 2019 | Vienna| ECREA Journalism Studies Section Conference