The document discusses different types of primary and secondary sources for investigative journalism, including published sources like newspapers, reports, and directories, as well as unpublished public records and some non-public documents. It also outlines challenges to accessing information from public records and tips for overcoming obstacles to obtain important documents. Primary and secondary sources are important research materials for understanding subjects, laws, structures, and gaining insights for investigative stories.

1. The News Sources & Their
Protection
 The Source-Reporter relationship
 The Sotto Law
 Anonymous Source vs. Confidential
Source
 Children and Women Protection Laws
 Public and Private Documents

2. DOCUMENTS
Public or Private?

3. The Paper Trail
 One of the investigative trail in IJ
 Documentary research
 Involves the use of public & private
records
 Classified as Primary and Secondary
sources
 Types of Documents: Public Records
and Non-Public Records

4. Classification of Documents
Sources
 Primary Source : unpublished
documents (Public & Non-Public)

5. Classification of Documents
Sources
 Primary Source : unpublished
documents (Public & Non-Public)
 Secondary Source : previously
published books, reports, articles, etc.

6. Classification of Documents
Sources
 Primary Source : unpublished
documents (Public & Non-Public)
 Secondary Source : previously
published books, reports, articles, etc.
 Newspapers & other periodicals
 Corporate Reports
 Directories & Yearbooks
 Biographies & Family Genealogies
 Specialized Publications: Industry studies,
donor reports, etc.

7. Newspapers

8. Classification of Documents
Sources
 Primary Source : unpublished
documents (Public & Non-Public)
 Secondary Source : previously
published books, reports, articles, etc.
 Newspapers & other periodicals
 Corporate Reports
 Directories & Yearbooks
 Biographies & Family Genealogies
 Specialized Publications: Industry studies,
donor reports, etc.

9. Corporate Reports

10. Classification of Documents
Sources
 Primary Source : unpublished
documents (Public & Non-Public)
 Secondary Source : previously
published books, reports, articles, etc.
 Newspapers & other periodicals
 Corporate Reports
 Directories & Yearbooks
 Biographies & Family Genealogies
 Specialized Publications: Industry studies,
donor reports, etc.

11. Directories

12. Directories

13. YearBooks

14. Classification of Documents
1- Helps you know:
Sources □ the subject
What is secondary □ the law/procedures
sources for? □ the structures and
 Primary Source : unpublishedprocesses
documents
2- So you know how
 Secondary Source : previouslyto proceed
published books, reports, articles, etc.
 Newspapers & other periodicals
 Corporate Reports
 Directories & Yearbooks
 Biographies & Family Genealogies
 Specialized Publications: Industry studies,
donor reports, etc.

15. Types of Primary
Documents
Company
 PUBLIC Documents: websites,
publications
 Corporate Records
 Property Records SE
 SALN C
 Court Records
 Audit Reports
 Budgets
 Contracts
 Election & Campaign Records

16. Types of Primary
Documents
Assessor’s
 PUBLIC Documents: Office
 Corporate Records
 Property Records Registry
 SALN of Deeds
 Court Records
 Audit Reports
 Budgets
 Contracts
 Election & Campaign Records

17. Types of Primary
Documents
Office of the
Ombudsman
 PUBLIC Documents:
 Corporate Records
 Property Records
 SALN
 Court Records
Clerk of
 Audit Reports Court of the
 Budgets Supreme
Court
 Contracts
 Election & Campaign Records

18. Types of Primary
Documents
Clerk of
 PUBLIC Documents: Court or the
Criminal
 Corporate Records Record
 Property Records Section
 SALN
 Court Records
 Audit Reports Prosecutor’s
Office
 Budgets
(Receiving/Filin
 Contracts g Clerk)
 Election & Campaign Records

19. Types of Primary
Documents
 PUBLIC Documents:
 Corporate Records
 Property Records
 SALN
COA
 Court Records
 Audit Reports
 Budgets LGU
 Contracts
 Election & Campaign Records

20. Types of Primary
Documents
 PUBLIC Documents:
 Corporate Records
 Property Records
 SALN
 Court Records
 Audit Reports DBM
 Budgets
 Contracts
LGU
 Election & Campaign Records

21. Types of Primary
Documents
 PUBLIC Documents:
 Corporate Records
 Property Records
 SALN
Contractors
 Court Records Agency
LGU
 Audit Reports Legislative
 Budgets Council
 Contracts
 Election & Campaign Records

22. Types of Primary
Documents
 PUBLIC Documents:
 Corporate Records
 Property Records
 SALN
 Court Records
 Audit Reports COMELEC
 Budgets
 Contracts
 Election & Campaign Records

23. Types of Primary
Documents source: pcij
 Non-PUBLIC Documents:
 Investigative files
 Pending Administrative Cases @ the Ombudsman
 Juvenile Court Records
 On-going police investigations
 Intelligence reports
 Classified/Top Secret files
 Bank records
 Income tax returns
 Credit investigations
 Medical/psychiatric files
 Other Personal Records
 Birth Certificate
 201 File
 Pay Slips

24. When you’re denied a public
record … source: pcij
 Assert your right to information. (When
laws guarantee access)
 Follow-up. Follow-up. Follow-up.
 Write a demand letter to the agency and
quote the law.
 If there are disciplining agencies, let the
instance known to them.
 Another person or office could have a copy.
Remember that these documents often
have more than one copy.

25. Obstacles to access to
information remain source: pcij
 Culture of secrecy
 Political intervention
 Lack of public information about …
 the right to information
 procedures to access information
 Unclear/undefined laws and procedures
 Inadequate/undeveloped information
infrastructure

26. Documents are precious, but
… source: pcij
 Be cautious: Avoid being rash and
jumping to conclusions
 Documents can contain information
that may already be passé
 Even if published, information must
be verified
 Remember that documents, like
people, can lie