2. The use of violence and
intimidation in the pursuit
of political aims.
3. Effects
The 1972 Summer Olympics
Nerve Gas Attack in Tokyo
1993 World Trade Center Bombing
September 11 Attacks
Worldwide Terrorist Events
Operation Enduring Freedom
4. Eight terrorists identifying
themselves as “Black September”
took eleven Israeli athletes and
referees hostage on September 5,
1972.
The terrorists were linked to
the Palestinian Fatah organization.
They demanded the release of
234 Palestinians and others jailed
in Israel.
The West German government
unsuccessfully tried to rescue the
Israeli hostages.
All of the hostages were killed.
Five of the eight terrorists were
also killed.
The remaining three terrorists
were released from custody in
October after other members of
Black September hijacked a
Lufthansa airliner.
The 1972 Summer Olympics: Munich Massacre
Members of the Israeli Olympic team
5. Nerve Gas Attack in Tokyo
On March 20, 1995, a Japanese cult named Aum Shinrikyo (Aleph)
released deadly Sarin gas on a Tokyo subway, killing 12, injuring 50,
and causing temporary vision problems to over a thousand people.
It was the worst attack on Japanese civilians since the World War
II atomic bomb attacks of 1945.
Three of the ten attackers
have never been arrested
Tokyo subway
Sarin clean-up
•Sarin gas is colorless and odorless.
•It is about 500 times more lethal than cyanide.
6. The World Trade Center in New
York was attacked with a car bomb
on February 26, 1993. Six people
were killed and 1,042 were injured.
Mahmud Abouhalima, Mohammad
Salameh, Nidal Ayyad, Ahmad Ajaj,
Ramzi Yousef and Eyad Ismoil were
convicted for the attack.
Abdul Rahman Yasin, accused of
making the bomb, fled to Iraq.
The attackers were funded by
Khaled Shaikh Mohammed. He was
captured by the US in 2003 (far
right, bottom).
1993 World Trade Center Bombing
7. September 11 Attacks
•The worst terrorist attacks in U.S. history took place on September
11, 2001. They were suicide attacks planned by al-Qaeda, a terrorist
group headed by Osama bin Laden.
•Nineteen Islamist terrorists boarded four commercial passenger jet
airliners.
•Two of the airplanes were deliberately crashed into the twin towers
of the World Trade Center in New York City.
•A third airliner crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia.
•Passengers and crew attempted to retake the fourth airliner, which
crashed into a field near Shanksville in rural Somerset County,
Pennsylvania. There were no survivors from any of the flights.
•Besides the 19 hijackers, 2,974 people died in the attacks.
al-Qaeda
Osama bin Laden
9. October 3-4, 1993: Al-Qaeda-trained militants
in Somalia kill 18 U.S. soldiers.
December 24, 1994: Al-Qaeda-connected
militants attempt to crash a passenger jet into
the Eiffel Tower.
November 18, 1997: Fifty-eight foreign
tourists are killed in Luxor, Egypt, by al-
Qaeda.
June 25, 1996: The Khobar Towers housing
complex in Khobar, Saudi Arabia, is bombed,
killing 19 U.S. soldiers and wounding 500.
August 7, 1998: Al-Qaeda bombs U.S.
embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 213
people.
Worldwide Terrorist Events
10. December 24-30, 2000: Al-Qaeda-linked group conducts
Christmas Eve attacks in Indonesia and the Philippines. In
Indonesia, 38 bombings in 11 cities are directed against
churches. Nineteen people are killed and over 100 injured.
The attacks in the Philippines kill 22 and injure 120.
September 11, 2001: The World Trade
Center in New York City is destroyed by
al-Qaeda.
October 6, 2002: Al-Qaeda conducts a suicide
bombing against a French oil tanker, the
Limburg, off the coast of Yemen.
October 12, 2000: USS Cole bombed by al-
Qaeda in Yemen. Seventeen U.S. sailors are
killed and 30 are wounded.
11. April 30, 2003: Two British citizens, Asif
Hanif and Omar Sharif, attempt to bomb
Mike’s Place, a cafe in Tel Aviv, Israel. Three
people are killed, 65 are injured.
August 5, 2003: A suicide bomber crashes into the lobby of
the J. W. Marriott Hotel in Jakarta, Indonesia, killing 16
people and wounding 150.
November 28, 2002: Al-Qaeda attacks the
Paradise Hotel in Mombasa, Kenya, with
three suicide bombers. Sixteen people are
killed.
October 12, 2002: Bali bombings kill 202
people, 164 of whom are foreign nationals
and 38 Indonesian citizens. Another 209
people are injured. Al-Qaeda-linked group is
blamed.
November 8, 2003: A suicide bombing at a housing compound
in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, kills 17. Most of the victims are
Muslims working in Saudi Arabia.
12. February 27, 2004: The 10,000-ton
Superferry 14 catches fire while transporting
900 people between islands in the central
Philippines. About 116 people are killed.
Philippine Muslim rebel group Abu Sayyaf
claims responsibility for the disaster.
March 11, 2004: Multiple bombs destroy a train in Madrid,
Spain, killing 191 people and injuring about 1,800 more.
Bombers claim to be inspired by al-Qaeda.
September 9, 2004: A car bombing, funded by al-Qaeda,
occurs outside the Australian embassy in Jakarta,
Indonesia. Ten people die and over 200 are injured.
May 29, 2004: Four terrorists attack a foreign workers’
housing complex, the Oasis Compound in Khobar, Saudi
Arabia. They take 50 hostages, murdering the 22 non-
Muslims. The terrorists escape, possibly assisted by the
Saudi security forces who had surrounded the compound.
13. July 7, 2005: Suicide attacks are carried
out by Muslim extremists during the
morning rush hour in London, killing 52
people as well as the four suicide bombers.
Another 700 people are injured.
July 21, 2005: Four attempted bomb attacks disrupt part of
London's public transport system.
July 23, 2005: The Egyptian resort
town of Sharm el-Sheikh is attacked by
three simultaneous suicide bombings.
At least 88 are killed and over 150 are
wounded. The group taking
responsibility claims that the attack
was ordered by al-Qaeda.
October 1, 2005: Three suicide bombers blow themselves up
in restaurants on the island of Bali, Indonesia. Twenty-two
people are killed and over 100 are injured. No group takes
credit for the bombings.
14. October 19, 2007: Suicide bomber kills at
least 139 people and injures around 400 in an
attempt to assassinate Pakistan’s prime
minister, Benazir Bhutto. Bhutto is later
assassinated on December 27, 2007, probably
by al-Qaeda.
July 2, 2007: A suicide bomber drives into a convoy of
Spanish tourists visiting an ancient temple in Yemen, killing
eight Spaniards and two Yemenis.
April 11, 2007: Two bombs hit Algiers, the
capital of Algeria. At least 23 people are
killed and 160 are injured. Al-Qaeda takes
credit.
November 9, 2005: Three hotels in Amman, Jordan—the
Grand Hyatt Hotel, the Radisson SAS Hotel, and the Days Inn
—are simultaneously bombed. Sixty people, including three
bombers, are killed and 115 others are injured.
15. Operation Enduring Freedom is the name used by the U.S. military
for the war in Afghanistan, launched in October 2001, as well as
campaigns in the Philippines, Somalia, the Trans-Sahara and
Kyrgyzstan.
It is part of the United States’ Global War on Terror.
On October 5, 2006, NATO officially took over control of U.S. forces in
Afghanistan, though the U.S. continued independent operations in
Kandahar, Bagram, and Kabul.
Operation Enduring Freedom
U.S. operations in Afghanistan
U.S. and French in Somalia Muslim insurgents in Algeria
