E waste-Presentation

GLOBAL TRENDS & TECHNOLOGIES IN
ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
Presentation by:
•Rose Okwiya, Materials & Content

•Tom Munyasya, Learning Management
System (LMS)

•Caroline Kiragu, Knowledge and
Information Management

•Kioko Mang’eli, Systems and Knowledge

Genco University (GU)

GU E-Waste Presentation: June 10th, 2010
Ole Sereni Hotel, Nairobi Kenya.

Overview
• What is Electronic Waste (e-Waste)?
• Why is it a problem? (Trends & Insights)
• What are the toxic components?
• Why e-Waste prioritization today?
• Why do we need national legislation
and what will it do?
•How do we measure success?
•Why is this important?
GU E-Waste Presentation: Ole Sereni Hotel - June 10th, 2010

Statement J I N G L E I Y U , † E R I C W I L L I A M S , * , ‡, M E I T I N G J U , † A N D Y A N Y A NG

Electronic waste (e-waste) has emerged as a new policy priority around the world.

Motivations to address e-waste include rapidly growing waste streams, concern over
the environmental fate of heavy metals and other substances in e-waste, and
impacts of informal disposal in developing countries.

Policy responses to global e-waste focus on banning international trade in end-of-life
electronics, the premise being that e-waste is mainly generated in the developed
world and then exported to the developing world.

Sales of electronics have, however, been growing rapidly in developing nations,
raising the question of whether problem in developing countries driven by
international trade or domestic generation.

Results show that the volume of obsolete PCs generated in developing regions will
exceed that of developed regions by 2016-2018. By 2030, the obsolete PCs from
developing regions will reach 400-700 million units, far More than from developed
regions at 200-300 million units. Future policies to mitigate the impacts of informal
recycling should address the domestic situation in developing countries.

What is e-Waste?
GU definition of e-waste:
Most of us see e-waste as “any electrically powered
appliance that fails to satisfy the current owner for
its originally intended purpose”.
At GU, we have enriched this definition to include
all electric and electronic gadgets that are still in
use but are contributing to the e-waste stream
through emissions of carbon dioxide and energy
waste.


E- Waste
The rapid obsolescence of gadgets combined
with high demand for new technology has
created mountains of E-Waste. E- waste is the
fastest growing waste stream in the society
today.
Fastest growing toxic waste- laptops, mobile
phones and other electronics.
It has always been perceived as being “clean”
but now it has been known that it is not as
environmentally friendly as thought.

Global Trends
Green IT can be defined as the holistic approach
to environmentally friendly sustainable governance
and management of the organization its process
and projects.
Environmentally friendly IT Asset Disposal (ITAD)
is now a top priority for millions of businesses and
consumers worldwide.
Green IT is becoming more and more a corporate
social responsibility for most businesses.


Existing & Emerging Technologies

Responsible E recycling
Use of certified IT Asset
Disposal (ITAD)
Need to design Electronics whose
different components and materials
are easy to separate for disposal
and /or reuse.

CHALLENGES
Poor design and complexity of electronics
E waste is full of all kinds of materials e.g. metals,
plastics, and chemicals that are mixed bolted, screwed,
glued or soldered together. Toxic materials are attached
to non toxic materials which are very difficult to
separate.
Responsible recycling requires intensive labor and / or
sophisticated and costly technologies that safely
separate these materials
Awareness and information on dangers of E-Waste,
Carbon dioxide (Co2) emissions has been very limited.


Impacts
Global ICT usage accounts for up to 2% of
global Co2 emission which is equivalent to
aviation emissions which is no longer
sustainable.
Chemicals waste from the disposal of
equipment pollutes the soil with Cadmium and
Mercury
Gadgets result in high consumption of energy
resulting in high energy budgets because all
electronics use different types of energy.

Impacts contd..
During standby and idle time the energy
consumed may be classified as e-waste.
During the said time, the electric and
electronic gadgetry also emit carbon dioxide
which contributes to e-waste stream.
The idle time also eats into the lifetime of
the gadgets resulting in a high turnover for
e-waste.


Standards
Standards can act as a tool for intervention for stakeholders
and business:
For example, in India the Government has set guidelines on end
producer responsibility on best practices for recycling

The gadget makers line up for a green make over:
Handset makers, Nokia, Samsung and Motorola have started take
back programs at various centers across cities.
Take back Bins for Nokia
Motorola = Ecomoto Program.
HP- Computers = Planet partners Recycling program offers customers
assistance in disposal of used computers in an environmental
responsible manner, including a trade in program.


Regulatory Regimes and Policy
Framework on E-Waste
Eco-labeling mechanisms as part of the regulatory and
governance structure, such as AEM.
Certification of responsible recycling bodies – e.g. E- Stewards
which has been developed by a group of concerned recyclers
under Basel Action Network (BAN) an environmental
organization with the singular mission of eliminating the
toxic trade in E -Waste with developing countries.
Countries coming up with environment laws and regulations
with specific articles on E-Waste management.
Signing of International and regional protocols on
environmental E-Waste management e.g. The Europeans
Unions Waste Electrics and Electronics Equipment Directive
(WEEE) of 2003.

Specific to KENYA and her environment
1. Dry cells ( 3 No. local factories Eveready plus Chinese(2)); they support
archaic lighting economy and depreciate within hours thus depositing
greatest amount of toxic waste in the whole country (American
Investment and One big mouth Mr. SS)
2. CRT TVs ( mainly those imported from the UK)
3. Plastic dry cell torches (Eveready & Somali Traders) in addition
4. Obsolete 486, 386, 286 Intel and 88000 MOT PCs, Toshiba, IBM Dell,
People i586 (Rash for Gold by illiterate traders).
4.1996-2006 laptops, Philips and “Phillibs” CRT Monitors(tech Lapses)
5. Second Hand Fridges and Cookers from UK(personal Belongings)
6. Second Hand Vehicles KS1515:2000 applied to old Vehicles and the
problem of KEBS lack of muscle(MD bans Second hand spare parts and
PM unbans)
7. Second Hand Phones (Current and former ministers and PSs and MDs
of TKL importing cheap and short life phones from Egypt (Part of Cemetry
project).
8. Old technology yet new manufacturers(Asian Transfer of Technology)


What does this imply in e-
waste ecological footprint?
We all need light in our living and working environment but most probably not second
hand cars recycled with more e-waste

We all need energy to listen to radios, watch our West African movies and use our
lighting gadgets but most probably we will need better specs and good laws and
bold women and men to get Eveready and the Chinese out of our environment

We have a ICT Government policy but poor schools in Ukambani, Murang’a, Keroka
and Kericho and others don’t need these sorts of obsoleteness absolutely to start
appreciating digital knowledge

There are donors and suppliers who are connected to BIG Government of the Grand
Coalition and old Gadgetry makes money because its all e-waste and landfill material
(letters from Bishops, lay priests..ad infinitum)

Knowledge of product and utility of product is not a big consideration at all, each of it
is a tool and an advantage in the market for those making money and toxin for our
water systems, our soils, our air and our bodies now and generations to come

EMBAKASI - Kenya, June 2010

Electronic Waste Nairobi, Kenya June 2010

Packing & Putting together to donate to
? Kenya’s Poor; Delaware, USA
Remember Njoro & Musembi with

Computerization School Programs

Package ended up in a warehouse situated
between Lavington & Valley Arcade

Why is e-Waste a Problem?

Rapid Increased Increasing
Technology Consumer More More Human
Changes Electronic e-Waste Hazardous Health
Slow adaption Purchases More Toxins Materials Risks
To Cheap sales In Kenya Everywhere More “Riches”
Change A Kenyan Way

Perception Low, cheap sourcing, Cheap Buy, Higher
Expenditure for Health Now & Tomorrow


What Are The Toxic Components?

Add Nickel Cadmium batteries in all laptops and Hand Watches

American and developed Countries Solution
eWaste destined to Landfills
E-Waste constitutes 40% of lead and 70% of heavy metals in
landfills

Daily Cover

Refuse Cell

Leachate Collection

Plastic Liner

Clay Barrier
E-Waste in a landfill in Garissa and Eastern Uganda is very
different, We bury Containers as they are from Italy

What we get & What we Bury
Chinese e-Waste Italian Re-processed

It’s a business, who cares about the future
of e-waste?

Why are Kenyans not in the Know loop of
e-Waste, e-waste burials and landfills ?
Ecosystem services are seen as barriers to business
Knowledge spread in eco control mechanisms has not been sufficiently
available
The provisioning of services around eco-systems has not been a trend
in the country
The regulatory services in the area has not been appreciated as
contributing to climate, water, human systems
Cultural orientation of our society has not been geared towards spiritual
enrichment, reflection, recreation, and other aesthetic values.
Support services around the ecosystems such as biomass production,
soil enrichment systems, nutrient recycling and habitat re-provisioning
has is an area the country can venture into.


Proposed eWaste Solution
Create incentives to recycle
Large quantity generators ≥ XX amount/year in tax credits
Individual tax payers receive one YY amount credit/year for
recycling one or more units of eWaste

Re-evaluate program in a few years
Make it illegal to throw away eWaste if adequate recycling
infrastructure is available to public

Potential issues
Nothing in legislation mandates recycling
center creation
Re-use incentives noticeably absent

Electronic Waste Recycling

How Do We Measure Success?
In Proposed Legislation
No performance goals set, but re-evaluation in a few
years

If successful, reduction of eWaste tonnage into waste
stream and increased recycling is expected

May encourage manufacturer & supplier
responsibility
http://www.pc-recycling.com/


Do We Need National Legislation?
Yes in a pragmatic approach encompassing:
1. Cultural approach including education and

awareness
2. Industrial approach targeting importers and

manufacturers in the country and supplier
countries.
3. Market communication

4. Realistic standardization and enforcement


Why is this Important?
eWaste problem growing…needs immediate
action
New legislation will create recycling industry
uniformity & create a culture of responsibility
Recycling will become more accessible to
individuals
First step to more comprehensive legislation


Sustainable enforcement
The world is moving towards sustainable production
and use of resources based on the following:
Vision: World changing solutions for home country, continent and the
earth. “Where there is no vision people perish” religious quote. The vision
should encompass a turning point (reflection curve) in human
civilization, one that requires moral leadership and generational
responsibility that will make the future possible.
We need courage to think in fresh ways and act to
meet this planetary crisis head-on.
We need a world changing crew (Kenya).
We cannot use today's standards to absolutely solve
e-waste and other ecological problems.

Sustainable enforcement contd’
Planetary thinking and sustainability; because we
live in a planet that looks large, we forget that we
are 6 billion and the current way of life is not
sustainable.
A Chinese can have an Italian( other mafia) partner
and can process Chinese waste in Italian cities and
repackage and pay a Kenyan strongman to land fill
in north eastern or transit cargo to Uganda real dirty
e-waste; it looks far away from china and Italy yet
bananas growing in Uganda are transported to Italy.


Technologies & Knowledge
Does it really matter?
There is no shortage of debate over the advantages of recycling. Plenty of staunch
environmentalists argue that the energy required to recycle bottles and newspapers
negates the benefit of creating reusable material. But abundant evidence
demonstrates otherwise.
Stats:
95% conserved through Aluminium recycling
60% conserved through newspaper recycling
70% conserved through plastics recycling
40% conserved through glass recycling
The energy conserved through recycling far outweighs the energy and emissions released
by-products of incineration and the pollution caused by land filling.
Recycling is an intermediary step. If we truly want to save energy and stem the stream of
waste to send to landfills we will have to implement new industrial production systems
that generate less waste and fewer disposal components to begin with.
Recycling meanwhile, is certainly a worthy practice, and by simply tossing the right
matter in the right bin.

Technologies & Knowledge cont..

Education for sustainable
consumption & development
Eco-designs: End of life concepts
Eco-taxation & Eco-economic
instruments
Ethical & fair trade practices

GU Mitigation
At GU, we are committed to provide knowledge and
awareness not only through our Bachelor of Science in
Environmental Science and Technology undergraduate
program but also through professional development
certification short courses and post graduate training.
GU is 100% open online learning tertiary institution
that is conscious of the dynamism of society and aspires
to promote positive social values.
Kindly visit our website: www.gencouniversity.net for
more information.

Thank you very much for your kind
attention.

The end!

E waste-Presentation

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