2. What is Type 2 Diabetes?
2
• Pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• Insulin resistance- fat, liver, muscle cells don’t
respond to the insulin
3. What does Insulin Do?
Eat food
Body breaks
down food into
glucose (sugar)
Sugar goes into the
blood to be
transported to cells
Insulin helps the sugar 3
from the blood enter
into the other cells
4. Who is at risk?
• Elderly
• African
Americans, Latinos, Native
Americans, Asian Americans
• Those with excess body weight
around their mid section
• High blood pressure, high
triglyceride levels, high 4
cholesterol
• Those with a family history of it
• Those with a low activity level
• Smokers and alcoholics
5. Early Symptoms
• Hunger
• Thirst
• Fatigue
• Increased urination 5
• Frequent infections that take a while to heal
• Blurred vision
• Numbness or pain in the hands and feet
• Acanthosis nigricans- darkened skin patches
6. Later Symptoms/Effects
• Blindness
• Cardiovascular issues
• Nerve damage
• Amputations of the lower
limbs
• Kidney damage
6
7. Diabetes and Amputations
• Diabetes causes poor blood circulation and
nerve damage
• This leads to ulcers
• Ulcers cause damage to the tissue and
bone, leaving amputation as the only option
8
7
8. Diabetes Tests
• Fasting blood glucose level
Shouldn’t be higher than 126
mg/dL
• Hemoglobin A1c test
6.5% or higher means
diabetes
• Oral glucose tolerance test
After 2 hours, shouldn’t be
over 200mg/dL 9
9. Diabetic Meters
• Used to measure your blood glucose levels
Normal blood glucose levels:
fasting: 70-99mg/dL
2 hours after eating: 70-145mg/dL
casual: 10-125mg/dL
10 11
11. Treatments
• Oral and injectable medications that can lower
blood glucose levels
• Active life style and eating right
• Insulin pump
14
13
12. Glycemic Index (GI)
• A measure of how much
a certain food will raise
your blood glucose level
• A food with a high GI
will raise blood glucose 15
quickly
• Foods with fat and fiber
tend to have low GI
16
15. Sources
Glycemic Index and Diabetes (2005). American Diabetes Association.
Retrieved Feb 23, 2012 from http://www.diabetes.org/food-and-
fitness/food/planning-meals/glycemic-index-and-diabetes.html
Mayo Clinic Staff (Oct 1, 2011). Amputation and Diabetes: how to
protect your feet. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved Feb 26, 2012 from
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/amputation-and-diabetes/DA00140
Type 2 Diabetes ( June 28, 2011). PubMed Health. Retrieved Feb 25, 2012
from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001356/
Type 2 Diabetes Overview ( June 2, 2009). WebMD. Retrieved
Feb 22, 2012 from http://diabetes.webmd.com/guide/type-2-
diabetes?page=1
Type 2 Diabetes (June 28, 2011). New York Times. Retrieved Feb 23, 2012 from
http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/type-2-
diabetes/overview.html
Celebrities with Type 2 Diabetes. Health. Retrieved Feb 26, 2012 from
http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20490828_last,00.html
16. Sources continued
What is Normal Blood Sugar? (2011). Phlaunt. Retrieved Feb 23, 2012
from http://www.phlaunt.com/diabetes/16422495.php
Type 2 Diabetes and Amputations (2009). Insulite Laboratories. Retrieved
Feb 22, 2012 from
http://diabetesmanagement.insulitelabs.com/index.php?q=type-2-
diabetes-and-amputation.php
