Regional Plan 2021 NCR

1. REGIONAL PLAN 2021-NCR

2. NCR
UT-
NCT-DELHI
HARYANA-
PANIPAT,SONEPAT,JHAJJAR,
GURGAON,FARIDABAD,MEW
AT,PALWAL,REWARI,ROHTAK
U.P-
BAGHIPAT,MEERUT,GHAZIAB
AD,HAPUR,BULANDSHAHR,
GAUTAMBUDH NAGAR
RAJASTHAN-
ALWAR

3. Introduction
Background-
Unprecedented growth of NCT-Delhi
it had recorded an extraordinary growth during 1941-
51with lakhs of immigrants coming to Delhi and this trend made Delhi to reach
population of 138lakhs in 2001.
Interm General Plan for Greater Delhi,1956
Town Planning organization(TPO) suggested that
serious consideration should be given for a planned decentralization
to outer areas and even outside the Delhi region.
Master Plan for Delhi , 1962
Delhi metropolitan area of 800sq miles
comprising six ring towns- Ghaziabad & Loni (U.P.) ,
Faridabad, Ballabgarh, Bahadurgarh, Gurgaon & Narela.
The total requirement of Land for Strenthning of these towns
was estimated 4660 acres. The plan also defined NCR comprising 8
adjoining Tehsils and three additional Tehsils of Meerut , Hapur and
Bulandsher

4. Regional Plan 1981 , NCR
Prepared By TCPO, town and Country Planning Organization, approved by
higher authorities of the union ministers of works, housing and supply which includes shifting of
trade industry, sectors and offices.
NCRPB act
National Capitol Region Planning Board Act evolved policies to avoid Haphazard
development of that region.
Maps, illustrations, diagrams should be given in regional plan.
Proposals-
-Policy in relation to land use
-Proposals for major urban settlements
-Proposals for economic base for future
-Proposals regarding transportation and communication serving the NCR.
-Proposals for water and drainage
-Immediate development as priority areas
Constituent Areas
-Union Territory of Delhi
-Haryana Sub region comprising Faridabad, Gurgaon,Rohtak, Sonepat
Districts. And Rewari and Panipat Tehsils
-Rajasthan sub-region comprising 6 tehsils-Alwar ,
ramgarh,Behror,Mandawar, kishangarh and Tijara
-U.P sub-region comprising 3 Districts- meerut , Ghaziabad and Bulandsheher.

5. Regional Plan 2021
Approved in November, 1988 proposed policy of strict control on employment
opportunities , moderate control in Delhiand within the NCR.
Review of regional plan
-Location of new offices, instiutions &public sectors
undertakings within NCT should be stopped.
-offices , institutes should be shifted out of NCT in
metropolitan area.
-Legislations to mandate systematic programming and fixation
of priorities.
-amendments to be made in the plan with help of DDA act ,1957
and NCRPB act,1985.
Functional plan
Section 16 of NCRPB act,1985 proposed a plan prepare to elaborate more elements
of regional plan .
The board prepared approved functional plans of transport, power, industry and
telecommunications.

6. Preparation Of Regional Plan 2021
High level group constituted under chairmanship of the Minister Of Urban
Development and Poverty Alleviation for the regional plan of 2021
Study groups were constituted for the Regional Plan
-NCR policy zones, demographic profile and settlement pattern
-Regional land use and rural development.
-Physical infrastructure
-Utility and service infrastructure
-Social infrastructure
-Environment including tourism , heritage, pollution and disaster management
-Institutional framework
-Economical and fiscal policies
On the basis of these groups the regional plan is prepared.
The draft regional plan 2021 was considered in the 26th meeting of the board to
invite suggestions under section12 of the NCRPB act,1985.
Then the Draft regional plan 2021 was published on 2004 and approved in
2005.

7. Region
Physical Setting
-Ganga at its eastern boundary
-Yamuna at north-south forming boundary between U.P and Haryana .
-Sand dunes and barrel hills of aravali in west
-Gentle slope to north-east to south-west

8. Geology
-Rock type exposed area belongs to delhi
-Quartzite of alwar , these are massive hard beds
-Hills on south-west of delhi, at delhi, gurgoan , rewari and alwar
Geomorphology
River System and Ground water
-River in NCR are the
ganga , yamuna , hindon
and kali which flow from north to
south.
-Alwar and gurgoan
districts are irrigated
by ground water
-Ground water quality
concern, there are few
fresh water resources
in north-east and south-
east areas
-Fluorides andnitrates
are more in NCT are
and south-west portion of
NCR.

9. Aims & Objectives
Aims and Objectives
Notified in jan 1989 to achieve balanced and harmonious development.
Policy parameters:
-Delhi to have restricted growth and decentralization of
activities in concentrated areas.
-Delhi metropolitan area(DMA) includes the control
development areas of contiguous towns of ghaziabad-
loni,noida, faridabad-ballabhgarh complex, gurgoan,
bahadurgarh &kundlu.
Policies for development in regional plan 2021
-Providing suitable economic base for future growth by identification and
development of regional settlements capable of absorbing the economic development
inputs of NCT-Delhi.
-Providing efficient and economic rail and other transportation network.
-Minimizing the adverse environmental impact.
-Developing selected urban settlements.
-Providing rational land use pattern in order to preserve good agricultural
land and utilize unproductive land for urban use.
-Promoting sustainable development.
-Resource mobilization and adoption of innovative methods of development.

10. Policy zones
NCT-Delhi
-Basic to achieve environmentally sustainable development and re- development
taking into the limitation of developable land and water
-Only activities necessary to sustain the local population of NCT- Delhi should
be permitted.
Central NCR excluding NCT-Delhi
-Opportunities need to be maximized to enable it to effectively
reinforce/support NCT-Delhi by offering jobs, economic activities , transport etc.
-Major economic and non-polluting activities intended to be located in NCT-Delhi
should be located in urbanisable areas of NCR .
Highway corridor zones
-Proposed with a minimum width of 500m including green buffers along national
highways converging at delhi.
-HCZ along NH71,71a,71b,119,93,235,11a &expressways have been
proposed.
Rest of NCR
-The basic policy of regional plan 2021 will be continued and has to be
substantionally upgraded at local and regional level specifically in metro centers ,
regional centers and sub-region centers.
-For accelerated development of rural and urban areas.

11. Demographic profile &
settlement pattern
According to census 2001 , India has a population of 102.86 crore of which urban population is
28.61 crore.
The four mega cities- mumbai ,
kolkata, delhi and chennai together
account for more than 17% population
and 4.5% reside in NCT-Delhi

12. Population Distribution Density
The NCR comprises entire NCT of delhi, 8 districts of Haryana , I district of
rajasthan and 5 district of U.p with a population of 371 lakhs in 2001.
Distribution of population in sub-region of
NCR 2011
The density of population of NCR
including NCT is 1,105 persons per sq
km against all India average of 324
persons per sq km ,while excluding
NCT-Delhi it is 724 persons per sq km
in 2001.
Growth of Population
NCT-Delhi
The growth of population during the
period 1951-91 is above 50% and
during 1991-2001 its declined to 51.45
to 47.02%
Urban population- Nct is highly
urbanized with 93.18% population
living in urban area as against the
national avg of 27.81%

13. Urban Rural composition of population
in NCR
Rural Population-
-The population of NCT-Delhi was
9,63,215, there is a sharp increase
during 1981-91 (109.86%) which is
declined by 0.54% during 1991-2001.
-number of villages declined from209 in
1991 to 158 in 2001.
Components of growth in NCT-Delhi
Natural Growth
The share of natural
growth during 1981-91
is 59.21%
Migration
-The main reason for
migration into NCT are
employment , business
and family movements.
-Migration contributes
44.20%to 40.78% to
population of NCT.

14. Population projection for 2021
The population of NCR is projected to 641.38 lakhs by 2021 and share of
NCT delhi is to be 234.87 lakh.
Settlement Pattern
Urban Settlements
-It is increased from 94 in 1981 to 108 in 2001.there are 17 class I cities , 9 class-
II towns , 26 class-III towns ,39 class-IV towns , 15 class-V towns and 2 class-VI towns in
2001.
-91% of urban population reside in class-I cities rest were distributed among 91
towns of class-Ii to Class-VI.
35 urban settlements in Haryana ,9 in Rajasthan and 63 in U.P.
Rural settlements
-According to census 2001 there are 7,528 rural settlements of various
sizes in NCR of which 158 in NCT-delhi, 2,471 in Haryana , 1,954 in Rajasthan and 3,185
in U.P.
-More than 162 lakh person lived in rural areas in NCR in 2001
Central NCR
Highest order settlement identified in regional plan2001 were 6 CNCR
towns and 11 priority towns of these 6 towns of ghaziabad and faridabad reached there
targeted their population the rest CNCR towns could not achieve .

15. Proposed hierarchy of Settlements
Metro centre
Already there are 3 complexes namely ghaziabad-loni complex, faridabad-ballabhgarh and
meerut .
This would include efficient intra urban mass transportation system as well as communication
linkages with delhi, other metro centers.
Metro centers help in population dispersal
Regional centre
Well established urban centre in the region having secondary and tertiary sector activities , job
opportunities .
Sub-region centre
It is a medium sized town or intermediate city performing a variety of roles and development to
achieve a balanced urban population.
Service centre
Small town or large village having linkage with immediate rural lands.
Central villlage
Higher order vill. Potential for development with better service & facilities.
Basic Village
Population <5000 would be provided with basic facilities & minimum social infrastructure.

17. Economic scenario
Background
The size and nature of economic activities had a great infuence on delhi metro extensions to the
CNCR and construction.
Gross Domestic Product
During 2004-10 GDP increased by 52 % wheras GDP of NCR increased by 67%.
NCR contributed 7.1% of india’s GDP whereas the population Is 3.8% and land is less than 1%.
Per Capita income
during 2004-10 PCI of NCR went up from rs38,758 to rs59,624.

18. Among the various sub-region of NCR , delhi has the highest share of GDP in NCR.
During 2005-10 , haryana recorded the highest rate of GDP and Per Capita Income followed
by NCT while UP had the lowest.
NCT-Delhi
Consistent increase in GDP and Per Capita income during 2005-10.
Haryana sub-region
Rate of growth of Gross Sub-region Product(GSDP) increased from 12.9% to 16.4%
Gurgaon recorded the highest GDP followed by Faridabad District in year 2009-10 , while
meewat had the lowest GDP

19. Structural Composition of Work Force
In NCR the primary Sector showed a decline from 35%(1991) to 29%(2001)
While the workforce increased for secondary and tertiary sectors.
Secondary sector it is 23%(1991) to 27%(2001)
Tertiary sector increased from 42%(1991) to 44%(2001)
Financial Inclusion
In india , 58.7% households avail banking services .
71.5% households of NCR avail banking services
In NCT , it is 77.7%
For faridabad it is 71.1%
And in gurgoan it is 78.2%

20. Policy and Proposals
The key behind reformation of NCR was to promote balanced growth and development of the
region.
-Comparison of PCI of different districts of NCR reveals that meewat has the lowest
PCI while Gurgoan and Faridabad higher than delhi.
-Development in the secondary and tertairy sector in NCR to bring employment.
-Connectivity within NCR for the change in the both size and nature of economic
activities.
-The analysis of banking facilities in NCR shows that districts with low PCI are
the districts were banking facilities are not available.the banking sector should focus
on expanding networks.
-The three investment regions under the proposed DMIC projects namely
manesar-bawl, khushkheda-bhiwani-neemrana , dadri-noida-ghaziabad investment regions.
These projects emphasis on expanding the manufacturing and services base and develop as
global manufacturing and trading hubs.

21. transport
NCR planning board prepared functional plan on transport- integrated multimodal transport
plan (imtp)
Functional plan was proposed after revising demand and supply of transport infrastructure in
NCR
The aim is to improve mobility of both people and goods and fast & efficient movement of
transport.
Plan Components:
•Regional rapid transit system
•New rail lines
•Regional mass rapid transit system
•Up-gradation of roads
•Expressways
•Bus-transport system
•Bus terminals
•Logistic hubs
•Integrated freight complexes
•Highway facility
•Airports

22. Objectives
-To provide efficient and economical transportation system
-Provide accessibility to all parts and discourage transit through the core area of NCT-
Delhi.
Existing Transport System
Road networks- 36,305km
Bus fleet- 58,300 buses
Rail network – more than 1000km
Airport- domestic &international airports
Road network (radial in nature)

23. Road density
Transport scenario
Volume to Capacity Ratio
Measure of extent of utilization of road capacity .
Ideally it should be less than 1
Rural-0.5
Urban-0.7
As per norms
Currently it exceeds the limit
Rural-0.6
Urban- 1.01 to 2.83

24. Traffic and travel pattern
On an average 2,21,575 vehicles travel in and out of ncr per day.
Different passenger traffic modes for outer, middle and inner cordons
Rail system
Three zonal railways
Northern
North western
North central
625 trains -253 passenger long distance , 176 EMU trains(sub-urban)
Metro rail in ncr
•190km completed
•136km sanctioned and under execution and completion estimated in december 2016
•Average daily ridership around 20lakh
Bus transport
•Existing number of buses in NCR- 58,346
•New sanctioned buses – delhi-1600, faridabad- 150, meerut-150.
•Average 132 buses against 1 lakh population
Air transport
•3 perational runways handling capacity of 75 aircrafts.
•3 separate terminals for international , domestic passengers & cargo
•51 international airlines , 60 international destinations.

25. Further Travel Demand
•Estimated population by 2021- 64.14 million
•Inter-regional travel to increase from 3.63 million to 13.2 million by 2032
•To reduce the dependency on private modes of transport from 56% to 26%
Transport plan of NCR
•Extensive regional exressway netwrok extending over a length of 1107km is proposed.
•Existing nhc converging are proposed to be developed as part of regional arterials .
Development of other networks
•Improve inter-state intra-state connectivity
•Develop lower hierarchy of roads to connect villages etc
•Proposed high occupancy vehicle lanes to be provided along existing
expressways,national highway and other major road.
•Bicycles and pedestrian facilities
•Build up new roads and traffic safety stratergies
•Propose metro rail in regional areas
•Regional bpts with intelligent transport system , electronic ticketing and ticket verification.

26. Policies and strategies

28. Power
It is an important aspect of physical infrastructure that requires advance planning
and management
The status of power supply in ncr has not fulfilled the demands according to
population, trade, industry ,offices etc
There is an shortage of power in northern grid which affects economic productivity .
It was proposed in regional plan 2001 for an uninterrupted supply of power. the
power supply deficit within the ncr states was 31.1% in NCT ,50% in haryana ,
49.6% in rajasthan and 37.7% in UP.
Existing availability and future demand
•Projections made by CEA-central electricity authority have revealed the requirement
of huge additional generation of power.
•the additional power required in The year 2006-7 is 4,513mw by the end of year
2020-21 it will be 23,345mw.
•Ncr is non-priority area. At present the power supply is through regional grid system
the NREB-norhtern region electricity board gets power through central and state
stations and in turn supplies power to states.power authority of states are not giving
any priority to NCR. There is no separate power station for ncr which needs to be
narrow down to attain economic development.

29. •Transmission and distribution losses in sub-region are due to
•Drawing electricity without legal connection
•Illegal direct tapping from the mains
•Misuse and theft by industries and unmetered supply
•Technical losses.
•Emphasis has to be given to have a sub grid for ncr in the norhtern grid for better load
management.
Policies and proposals
•In order to meet the demand ,we need to have a new power plants to have share for ncr
under the central sector power project. Central government should take initiatives for getting
additional power from the 15% unallocated quota .
•Cea has projected the total power required for the region to be 34,444mw by 2021.
•Load management – modern techniques must be adopted ,the availibilty of the through a
control room by generators so that breakdown is minimized.
•Proposed that an islanding scheme for ncr after delhi will be prepared by cea which will be
implemented by authority
•Public private partnership- the huge investment required rs93.380 crore fro power generation
and rs58000 crore for transmission and distribution till 2021.
•New connections ,upgradation of demand load should be simplified

30. Plan of action
Implementation of policies and proposals in the regional plan dovetailed with the five year plan
.certain activities are to be completed in the forst5 yr are:
•Formation of sub group within nreb by the ministry of power to over see the power supply
in ncr
•State govt to prepare sectoral plans in the sub regions
•To carry out audit for identification for technical and commercial losses to improve the
transmission and distribution system.
•Whereas recommendation on load management of augmentation of power
•Promotion on non-conventional energy etc involving long term planning

31. water
• Water is a natural resource, fundamental to life and livelihood, agriculture and
sustainable development. NCR is a water scarce region, dependent to a large
extent on surface water sources located outside the region.
• The Regional Plan 2021 had proposed the preparation of a blueprint for water
resources in the region. Accordingly a Study on Water Supply and its
Management in NCR was conducted through Water and Power Consultancy
Services India (WAPCOS) Ltd.
• After discussions with the participating State Governments, a draft Functional
Plan for Water for NCR based on the Study was prepared, which was
recommended for approval of the Board by the Planning Committee of NCR
Planning Board in 2011.

32. Water resources in ncr
Rainfall
Average annual rainfall in NCR generally varies from 500 mm to 850 mm. It is
estimated that on an average, NCR receives about 22542 MCM/year of rainfall ;about
75% is received during the monsoon season (July-September).
Groundwater
Ground water forms a major source of water in NCR. Monsoon and non-monsoon
rainfall, irrigation during kharif and rabi season contribute to groundwater resources.
1) Efficient Utilization of Canal WatersNCT Delhi is supplied water from Western
Yamuna Canal system and Upper Ganga Canal systems.

33. •Depth of water table
•Lakes and ponds
In addition to the numerous ponds and lakes that exist in all districts of NCR, more
prominent ones are Badkal, Damdama & Kotla Lakes in Haryana Sub-region, Najafgarh
Jheel on the Delhi-Gurgaon border.
Their capacity varies and some are used as sources of drinking water.
•Use of Treated Sewage Effluent
Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) are available at 19 locations in Delhi, 25 locations in
Haryana Sub- Region, 2 in Rajasthan Sub-region and 18 locations in UP Sub-Region in
2011, the combined installed capacity of which is 3349 mld .
STPs with additional capacity of 1122 mld are proposed to be constructed in the near
future, which implies that 4471 mld treated effluent can be available for re-use. The
treated sewage effluent can be used for irrigation, industrial cooling, air conditioning, etc

34. About 1824 MCM (about 4997 mld) treated sewage is
likely to be available by 2021 in NCR assuming that
80% of waste water generated is collected and
treated, and all STPs are constructed and maintained
properly to meet the requisite standards.
 Estimate of Treated Sewage Available for Re-use in NCR by 2021
a) Effective Utilization of Irrigation Water through Irrigation Techniques
Flood irrigation techniques consume a large quantity of water, a significant part of which is
either lost through evaporation, percolation or drainage. By using micro irrigation and water
saving techniques such as drip and sprinkler system we can boost the production of food
grains/crops.
It is proposed that initially these techniques be adopted in 10% area in Phase-I (upto 2021),
and another 10% in Phase-II (2021-31).
b) Protection of Flood Plain for Ground Water Recharge
A potential source for increasing availability of water to NCR is large scale ground water
development in the floodplains of the Yamuna, Ganga and areas along Upper Ganga Canal.
This may be done after appropriate technical studies so that critical/ over-exploited blocks
are avoided and creating sub-surface storages by recharging the depleted aquifers during
monsoon using recharge structures like barrages, check dams and dykes, etc.
 Other Issues and Challenges

35. DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF WATER IN NCR
Demand and supply for water can be broadly classified as
i) domestic
ii) industrial
iii) Agricultural
Existing Status of Water Supply in NCR
a)Domestic water supply
Drinking water has been used in successive National Water Policies. Data from
Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Govt. of India shows that about 74% of all rural
habitations were fully covered, under National Rural Drinking Water Programme in
April 2012
b) Status of total water supply
• The Functional Plan for Water for NCR estimated the total water supply for domestic,
industrial and agricultural uses for 2005.
• Data on industrial water supply was collected from the State Governments/ their state
agencies.
• Crop water requirements are primarily met by rain water and irrigation water supplied by
canal systems and tube wells. The total water supply in NCR in 2005 for all uses is
estimated to be 13779 MCM/ year.

36. c) Non-revenue water
• Non revenue water (NRW) is water that has been produced and is “lost” before it reaches
the customer. Losses can be real losses (through leaks)
• NRW is typically measured as the volume of water "lost" as a share of net water
produced. It was estimated in the Functional Plan that non-revenue water (NRW) in the
urban areas of NCR varies between 10-55%.
d) Existing Status of Wastewater Treatment for Recycling
It is estimated that about 70-80% of water supplied find its way into the sewerage
system. As per estimate of Delhi Jal Board, about 40% of waste water generated is being
recycled and used.
a) Domestic
•Regional Plan 2021 had recommended norms for water supply higher than the CPHEEO
norms.
•It is proposed to adopt CPHEEO norms for water supply in urban areas in the Regional
Plan including that for unaccounted for water and fire-fighting demand.
•Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Govt. of India has recommended a norm of 70
lpcd for rural water supply, the same is adopted for Regional Plan for NCR.
Norms for Water Supply for Various Uses

37. b) Industrial
c) Agriculture/ Irrigation
Requirement of water for agriculture varies according to the cultivable area, cropping pattern,
cropping season , soil type, etc. Due to this, irrigation water requirement varies between 2-3
cusecs per 1000 acres of agricultural land.
Projected Domestic Water
Demand in NCR, 2021
• The population of NCR is expected to reach
617 lakhs by 2021 (with a range of 601-633
lakhs)
•For projecting industrial water demand, details
of existing areas under industrial landuse and
proposed areas to be developed were taken
from Master Plan documents of various towns
Using State-specific norms.
Projected Water Demand for 2021

38. Water tariffs in ncr
•Low tariff rates for water supply do not encourage conservation resulting in wastage of
water. Tariff rates in both UP and Rajasthan Sub-regions are very low, i.e. at an average
of Rs 10 to Rs. 16 per month.
•Delhi Jal Board has revised tariff structure from 1 January 2012 . The structure consists
of four categories of customers: domestic, mixed use category, commercial/ industrial
and government institutions/ offices.
• Tariff is chargeable in two parts: a service charge and a volumetric charge.
Policies and proposals
•Norms for Water Supply
• CPHEEO norms on water supply should be adopted for all categories of cities/ towns
and rural settlements in NCR .
•While designing drinking water supply schemes for urban areas, the requirements of
peripheral and enroute rural areas should also be incorporated so that duplication of
pipelines and schemes can be avoided.
•Groundwater Recharge and Rainwater Harvesting:
• Water harvested should be used for recharging the aquifers through radial wells or any
other suitable techniques. The intake of recharge structures should be connected to the
storm water drainpipes.

39. • This can be implemented through provisions of building bye-laws and Gazette
Notifications by concerned State Governments and their agencies.
•Revival of Lakes/Ponds to Store, Flood Water:
• Lakes and ponds could be utilized to recharge groundwater. When surface runoff gets
collected in lakes & ponds, groundwater recharge can be increased.
• It is estimated that a standard recharge well will recharge about 0.1 MCM water per
year in 100 days.
•Harnessing Unused Floodwater and Protection of Floodplains for Groundwater Recharge:
• Water recharging areas and floodplains should be preserved.
•There are several floodplain harvesting techniques such as: basin spreading technique,
stream channel recharge technique, induced recharge through pumping from a surface
source into aquifer.
•Construction of Dams & Barrages to Create Impounding Capacity:
• The proposal for construction of new large dams namely Renuka, Lakhwar-Vyasi and
Keshau dams for drinking water supply have been declared as National Projects.
•These dams/barrages will also help in maintaining minimum environmental flow in the
rivers. The construction of these dams needs to be expedited

40. •Reuse of Treated Sewage Effluent
It is expected that in future, re-cycling of treated waste water will be a significant
method to generate water resources for non-potable uses.
It should be made mandatory for greenfield development to be planned with dual
piping and other enabling systems so as to use recycled treated sewage effluent.
•Conjunctive use of Saline Water
Saline/brackish ground water that occurs in several districts of NCR could be used
for conjunctive use for various purposes after appropriate blending with fresh water
wherever feasible.
Water from saline aquifer formations will need to be pumped into the canals for this
purpose. This will increase the flows in the canal systems and thus improve the
canal supplies.
•Water Tariff Reform
It is recommended to rationalize the tariff structure based on telescopic basis, i.e.,
higher tariff for higher consumption. This will encourage water conservation and
increase revenue to meet at least the O&M expenditure for supply of drinking water.

41. •Mass Awareness
It is necessary to provide platforms for knowledge sharing on water issues and
creative ways of information dissemination to encourage people to adopt water
conservation.
•Improvements in Institutional Arrangement:
It is proposed that the participating states of NCR should try to converge the multiple
agencies to single Sub-regional agency for their respective Sub-region.
Coordinate with central and state governments Other measures
•recommended for institutional improvement include:
i) Unbundling of water supply systems
ii) Introduction of public private partnership where appropriate
iii) SPVs for Water Transmission & Treatment
iv) Ring-fencing of accounts of water production & supply
v) Introduction of accurate bulk metering facilities & 100% consumer
metering
vi) Assessment & reduction of NRW losses
vii) Introduction of SCADA
viii) Improved billing and revenue collection, through private companies.

42. Plan of action for perspective year 2021
•The total water demand in NCR by 2021 is expected to be 23466 MCM/year . If about
10% of water can be saved by supply management according to seasonal fluctuation in
demand, and another ten percent of irrigation water demand can be saved through
adoption of improved irrigation techniques, the net water demand by 2021 is estimated to
be reduced to about 21320 MCM/year. In order to meet this demand, it is imperative to
have a phased Plan of Action so that the implementation of above proposals can be
dovetailed with the five-year plans.
•The total water demand in NCR by 2021 is expected to be 23466 MCM/year . If about
10% of water can be saved by supply management according to seasonal fluctuation
in demand, and another ten percent of irrigation water demand can be saved through
adoption of improved irrigation techniques, the net water demand by 2021 is estimated
to be reduced to about 21320 MCM/year.
•Recommendation to Meet Water Demand for 2021
•It is recommended that recharging structures may be considered for construction by
2021, yielding about 1066 MCM water. It is also recommended that 1875 tube wells
could be constructed by 2021 yielding 1450 MCM water.
•Financial Implications
•The above proposals to augment drinking water supply in the region are estimated to
have total financial implication of about Rs. 7996 crore.

43. Implementation & Sources of Funding
•The above proposals & recommendations would have to be implemented by the NCR
Participating States/concerned agencies in NCR and would require different time frame
for implementation and varying pattern of funding.
•Some activities which need to be implemented in the short term include drinking water
supply for individual towns and villages in NCR, recycling of sewage/ waste water
treatment for non-drinking purpose and groundwater recharge & recharge structures.
•The States/ implementing agencies would have to carry out detailed technical studies
and prepare DPRs of these proposals. Implementation of projects for water supply for
individual towns and villages in NCR, recycling of sewage/ waste water treatment for
non-drinking purpose and groundwater recharge & recharge structures is also being
done under different schemes of Central and State Government .

44. sewerage
Background
•Sewerage is a core element of the physical infrastructure that determines the
environmental status of any settlement. Planning and development of appropriate
sewage carriage system with efficient treatment and cost recovery is the key
component of urban physical infrastructure.
• Rehabilitation of old sewers, augmentation of existing sewerage system and sewage
treatment capacities, adoption of new technologies of waste treatment for higher
degree of treatment to facilitate reuse and developing feasible and cost effective
treatment for small settlements and rural areas is a huge task.
• To address the problem of lack of sewerage system, a number of actions are
immediately needed, such as
• (i) Substantial investment in the construction of sewer network, conveying system
and STPs,
• (ii) reuse of effluent
• (iii) energy generation in STPs and
•(iv) Institutional and financial management reforms to ensure that growth is
environmentally sustainable and inclusive.

45.  existing situation
Coverage of Sewage Network Services
•In NCR out of 108 towns only 33 towns have sewerage system and even in these 33
towns, the coverage can at best be classified as partial. In Uttar Pradesh sub-region only 6
towns are partially covered out of 63 towns, in Haryana sub-region 24 towns are partially
covered out of 35 towns, in Rajasthan sub-region 2 towns are partially covered out of 9
towns.
•The population covered with sewer network is only 51% which is 2% less than the
percentage of population covered in year 2001
Estimate for Sewage Generation
•Sewage generation in 2021 for NCT Delhi has been estimated based on water supply rate of
202 lpcd (as provided by DJB).
•The sewage generation for other sub regions has been estimated at water supply rate of 180
lpcd for towns with population of more than 10 lakh and at the rate of 135 lpcd for other towns
as per CPHEEO norms.
Sewage Treatment Capacity
•At present the sewage generation in NCR urban is 4,528 MLD,the sewage treated is 50% of
sewage generation.
•The increase in sewage treatment capacity during the decade 2001-11 has been 53%
whereas the increase in treated sewage quantity has been much less at 33%.
Treated Sewage Quality
•DJB/DPCC monitors the effluent quality of all STPs and in most of the cases the quality is
within the acceptable standards. Data on quality of treated sewage of STPs in other sub
regions is not available.

46. Reuse and Recycle
•In NCT Delhi, 645 MLD of treated effluent is reported to be used in
Horticulture/Irrigation/Power plant, against present sewage generation of 2996 MLD which
works out to be 21%.
• 25-30 % of the treated sewage of the STPs in Faridabad is utilized for irrigation and the
balance is discharged into Buria nala, Agra canal
Preparation of Sewerage Master Plans
•Regional Plan 2021 recommended preparation of Master Plans for Sewerage system in all
the towns of NCR in order to have integrated Sewerage schemes and to avoid piece meal
approach which ultimately increases number of intermediate sewage pumping stations. Out
of 108 towns in NCR, only 32 towns have sewerage master plan. In Haryana sub-region

47. Issues
Sewage Network Services
In NCR 75 cities out of 108 total numbers of cities are not covered with sewerage system.
The remaining 33 cities also have partial sewerage system.
The goal of coverage with 100% Sewerage system of all towns is reiterated not only in the
revised Regional Plan 2021, but also in service level delivery benchmark of Ministry of
Urban Development.
Imbalances in the Coverage
There are imbalances in the coverage of municipal sewerage system in various parts of the
cities. Significant portion of the city population particularly living in marginal settlements,
unauthorized colonies and urban villages do not have sewerage system.
Rehabilitation & Phasing out Existing Sewer Network & STPs
In older parts of cities the sewerage system is old, silted and overloaded, requiring phased
replacement or rehabilitation. Development authorities associated with development of new
areas in various towns/cities take care of sewerage system in newly developed sectors
only.
Provision of sewerage system and treatment facilities in the existing areas is considered
as the sole responsibility of the local bodies which have neither sufficient financial
resources nor appropriate technical staff to provide such facilities. ULBs are generally
dependent upon the State Governments

48. Treatment of Industrial & Hotel Waste
Industrial wastes are sometimes not treated and are disposed in public sewers or in
streams/drains. This waste is highly concentrated and needs separate and special
treatment before disposal in public sewer or in drains.
Industrial areas should have common effluent treatment plants. Also, restaurants should
discharge their waste water after primary treatment through grease interceptors and larger
hotels should have independent sewage treatment facility.
Land Availability for STPs
The land for construction of new STPs is a major constraint in all sub-regions and therefore
it is imperative to earmark land for STPs in the Master Plans.
Availability of Data
Data pertaining to network service area, inflow in STPs, treated quantity, influent and
effluent characteristics of sewage reuse quantity, expenditures, revenues, cost recovery,
collection efficiency, sewer connections etc. are generally not available. It is difficult to
evaluate performance of STPs and sewage service and understand gaps. This data is
necessary for future planning of sewerage facilities

49. Policies and Proposals
Preparation of Master Plan for Sewerage System
The Master Plan be for atleast 20 year horizon period and must cover the extended
boundary of the city as per proposed land use. Plan should address area for onsite
sanitation and area for offsite sanitation (sewerage system). It should identify land
required for STPs and their locations.
The plan should provide rehabilitation of the existing network, STPs and Sewage
Pumping Stations; extension of the sewer network, increase in treatment capacity,
effluent requirements, disposal system, recycling the treated effluent for irrigation.
Network Coverage
All towns should be covered such that 100% population is served by sewerage system or
by on site sanitation. The implementation of sewerage system in towns should be
prioritized based on higher population, less per capita investment, financial sustainability,
reuse potential and O&M capacity.
Sewage Treatment Capacity & Effluent Quality
STPs should be constructed of modular design so that the large capacities do not remain
unutilized. Sewage should be treated as per standards laid down by MoEF/CPCB under
the Environmental Protection Act, 1986 before it is discharged on land for irrigation,
plantation, gardening etc. or into the water bodies.

50. Rehabilitation/Augmentation of Sewerage System and Treatment Facilities
Poor condition of existing sewerage system in townships/cities should be rehabilitated and
wherever, sewerage facility in part of town is not available or is not up to the desired level,
augmentation schemes, should be taken up. Since treatment facilities in most of the townships
are less, emphasis should also be given to provide the same, as per the requirement.
Adoption of Energy Efficient Treatment Processes and Energy Generation from Sludge
The wastewater treatment plants with energy efficient mechanized treatment processes
including energy generation from sludge digestion or gasification be encouraged. To mitigate
the problem of intermittent and unreliable power supply, dedicated power supply from the
national grid and standby diesel generator sets to ensure continuous power supply for the
STPs be taken up.
O&M Embedded Construction Contracts for Operational Sustainability
To mitigate O&M capacity of ULBs and ensure operational sustainability, O&M embedded
construction contracts combining design, construction and O&M for wastewater treatment
plants shall be taken up. This will encourage the contractors to improve quality of construction
and provide continuity in system operation.
Septage Management
The evacuation of sludge from septic tanks should be institutionalised and its proper disposal
should be plan.

51. Solid waste management
 Background
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is increasingly becoming an important challenge in
towns and cities. Over the years the amount of municipal solid waste generated in cities
has been increasing due to rapid growth of urban population, improvements in
economic conditions, change in lifestyles and consumption patterns. The amount of per
capita generation of solid waste in India is estimated to have increased at a rate of 1% -
1.33 % annually.

52. Land Disposal Sites yet to be Developed Scientifically
Out of the 18 metro & regional centres in NCR, only 16 towns have earmarked sites for
landfill in their respective land use plans but the same are yet to be developed on
scientific lines.
Presently, only one sanitary landfill site at Village Bandhwari (Gurgoan) and a TSDF site
at Pali Faridabad is operational.
In Delhi, Narela-Bawana is the only scientific engineered sanitary landfill, while other
sites are primarily disposal sites.
Lack of Public Awareness and Need for Capacity Building
Awareness needs to be created regarding the dangers of unscientific solid waste
management e.g health hazards, aesthetic damage and environmental issues.
NGOs have taken up pilot projects in NCT-Delhi, Ghaziabad and Gurgoan for creating
public awareness on the SWM issues which need to be emulated for wider awareness
generation.
Inadequate Resources
While allocating resources, SWM gets low priority resulting in inadequate provision of
funds, especially with regard to the O & M costs. It is observed that even O & M cost in
solid waste management is not recovered fully.
Issues in SWM

53. Policies and Proposals
Preparation of Detailed Solid Waste Management Plan
All the towns in NCR should prepare a Solid Waste Management Plan on the basis of
guidelines provided by the CPHEEO Manual for the solid waste management. It would be
appropriate that the local bodies plan for the entire city indicating landfill sites in a
decentralize manner for reducing the transportation cost and also for reducing carbon
footprints.
Norms and Standards
Norms and standards provided in the CPHEEO Manual for solid waste management in
terms of collection, transfer, transport and disposal may be followed by the constituent
states while preparing the plans for handling the solid waste. In this regard, the notification
of the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the Environmental Protection Act, 1986
should also be followed.
Service Level Benchmark
A service level benchmark has been developed and released by the MoUD, which seeks
to identify a minimum set of standard performance parameters for the sanitation sector
that are commonly understood and used by all stakeholders across the country.
Provision in Bye-laws
Proper location of sites for SWM in Master plans, Zonal plans and Sub-regional plans
should be earmarked and provision for the same may be made in the planning legislation,
zoning regulation in building bye –law indicating requirement of area and other provisions
for refuse storage.

54. Drainage
 Background
•Drainage is an important element of physical infrastructure and constitutes removal and
disposal of surplus rain/irrigation water from the land. It has two aspects namely flood
protection and removal of storm water. National Capital Region in general, is a part of
well integrated drainage system of the Ganga basin.
•Regional Plan-2001 proposed that open drains, which are by and large the sources of
nuisance and pollution, should be discouraged and discontinued.
•Major drains should be covered but are generally found open and road side smaller
drains are also sometimes found open. Some of the towns have combined system of
disposal for sewage and storm wate
•Generally it is not designed as such but by default in absence of sewerage system, the
drains actually act as combined system both for sewage and drainage. The disposal of
storm water is generally not planned properly and takes natural course on land,
depressions, ponds etc. Separate systems for sewage and storm water disposal are
recommended in NCR

55.  Policies and Proposals
Prevention of Storm Water Drains from Pollution
Measures should be taken to prevent the use of storm water drains for conveying
sewage and dumping of solid wastes and sludge in open drains. Enforcement should be
done under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Unauthorized
development/encroachment/slum dwellings in the drainage system should be prohibited.
Irrigation Water
Where irrigation canal escapes including the tail escapes outfall into the drains or in the
neighbouring ponds, provision for efficient draining of surplus irrigation water by
enhancing their capacity should be made while planning for improvement in the
integrated Regional Drainage System.
Provision of Funds
Provision of adequate funds should be made for upgradation and regular maintenance
of the drains on the same lines as for the irrigation channels.
Avoid Piecemeal Approach
In cities sometimes drains are constructed to drain water from some road/locality without
considering final disposal of storm water. This only leads to a shift of the problem. As
such first master plan of drain should be prepared and only then drains should be
provided so as to integrate with master plan proposals

56. • The urban drainage system should be designed as per norms and standards stipulated in
CPHEEO manual for Sewerage for internal as well as peripheral drains. The likely time of
concentration for each case may be worked out and corresponding storm values adopted.
•The rural drainage system may be designed for three days rainfall of five years frequency to
be drained in three days. An appropriate area dispersal factor should be adopted for
computing the run off.
•The coefficient of run off may be calculated for areas with composite land use pattern on the
basis of anticipated land use in the new areas and existing land use pattern for the areas
already developed.
• Where it is not possible to work out the run off coefficient due to land use policies not
indicated, run off coefficient not less than 0.2 may be adopted for rural areas with flat to
moderate slopes and 0.4 for steeper slopes. For urban area, run off coefficient not less than
0.6 may be adopted in absence of adequate details of the areas.
Norms and Standards

57. telecommunications
BACKGROUND
•Delhi has a large network of telecom facilities, which is vital for various economic activities and this
has helped in concentration of these activities in Delhi.
•Provision of effective and efficient Telecom facilities in the entire NCR holds immense significance
in the context of Regional Plan.
•Growth of mobile telephony has been the most visible indicator and catalyst for economic growth.
Most encouraging feature has been the growth in coverage and increase in the number of
subscriber in rural areas with low tariffs
•Overall tele-density has increased from 18.31% to 78.66% during the eleventh plan period. Thus, a
rapid increase in demand for telephones has been generated in Metro centres, Regional centres an
other smaller towns and villages in NCR.
 EXSISTING STATUS
•Over the last few years, significant improvement has been made in terms of capacity and
technology up gradation to keep pace with the changing trends.
• Preference for wireless phones is dominating in this sector which increased from 80.19 per cent in
March 2007 to 96.62 per cent in March 2012.
•The objective is to transform the country into an empowered and inclusive knowledge based societ
using telecommunication as a platform. The Policy also emphasize on providing affordable and
quality telecommunication services in rural and remote areas.

58.  ISSUES
Some of the issues emerging from the existing scenario include:
i) The Department of Telecommunication (DoT) has expressed inability to extend the
MTNL boundary to entire NCR and also in providing single STD code to the entire
region because of administrative and operational reasons.
ii) The goal of providing telephones on demand in the entire region is yet to be achieved. It
is because of higher rate of demand than expected and penetration of telecom services
up to village level on a large-scale.
iii) Key thrust is to connect all villages with population more than 500 on ‘National Optical
Fibre Network’ to realize the vision of Broadband on demand.
iv) Financial support is required to encourage the rollout of mobile broadband on
3G/4G/LTE/BWA spectrum in rural and remote area for broadband expansion
FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS
Major investment in the twelfth five year plan would be required in the area of network
expansion in the rural and remote areas, network up-gradation in customer demand cycles,
3G subscriber base, NGN and IPV6, rural telephony, broadband expansion, National Optical
Fiber Network (NOFN), coverage of technology, value added services and R&D.

59. POLICIES AND PROPOSALS
i) The proposal of the 12th five year plan is to increase rural tele-density from the current
level of around 39 to 70 by the year 2017 and 100 by the year 2021.
ii) Provide affordable and reliable broadband on demand by the year 2015 and to achieve
175 million broadband connection by the year 2017 and 600 million by the year 2020.
iii) Service providers should be allowed to have a common interlinked system of basic
services for the entire NCR treating it as a single telecom circle.
iv) Constituent States should provide land, building and other facilities to the telecom
service providers for setting up of telephone exchange, mobile relay towers and other
installations. For this purpose States should frame required policies.
v) Provision of high-speed data and multimedia capability using technologies including
ISDN to all towns with a population of more than two lakhs.
vi) All the villages in the region should be covered with telecom facilities. Telecommunications
services in rural areas should be made more affordable by providing suitable tariff
structure and making rural communications mandatory for all fixed service providers.
vii) Integration of the telecommunication service network with power distribution network
should be explored wherever it is technically feasible and commercially viable.

60. shelter
BACKGROUND
Housing is a basic necessity and an important component of human settlement planning.
Demand and supply gap in housing leads to proliferation of slums and unauthorized
development.
In NCR, housing for migrants is also a concern as Delhi attracts migrants from all parts of the
country in addition to the floating population.
A number of public agencies like state housing boards, local bodies, area development
authorities, etc. are involved in creating both developed plots and built-up dwelling units.
Central government agencies and PSU’s like NBCC, HUDCO etc. have contributed to the
creation of housing stock in NCR. Besides, Cooperative Societies and Private Developers
have also added to the housing stock.
EXISTING HOUSING SCENARIO IN THE NCR
As per Census 2011, there are 85, 18,128 Households in NCR, while the number of census
houses* are 1,23,80,001 indicating that the quantum of census house is more than the
households (ratio- ‘1:1.45’), but in reality only 84, 73,134 (i.e. 68.8%) houses are used
primarily for residential purpose and the other census houses are being used as shops,
offices, schools, colleges, hotels, lodges, guest house, dispensary, workshop, place of
worship etc. Of the total census houses, 89.5% are occupied and the remaining 10.5% are
vacant as shown in Table 11.1 (fig 11.1). Out of the 110.8 Lakh occupied houses, about 1.8
% houses were found locked at the time of census.

61. * Note – Census houses are defined
as "any permanent structure which on
land, serves or would serve for the
accommodation of human beings,
or of animals, or goods of any
description provided always that it
could not be struck and removed
bodily like a tent or a mud hut".

62. •NCT Delhi has 37.2 percent of the total census houses in NCR, followed by sub
regions of Uttar Pradesh (30%), Haryana (25%) and Rajasthan (8%). The highest
number of vacant houses is in NCT-Delhi (11.1%) and the least is in Rajasthan Sub-
Region (8.5%).
•In the urban areas of NCR, Rajasthan sub-region has the highest proportion of
vacant houses (16.2%), followed by Uttar Pradesh and Haryana where the
percentage of vacant houses are 12.9% and 12.5% respectively.
•In the rural areas of NCR, NCT-Delhi has the highest percentage of vacant houses
(18.1%), followed by Haryana and Uttar Pradesh where the percentage of vacant
houses are 8.6 percent and 7.5 percent respectively.
•It is observed that about 18.6% and 18.7 % of the houses are lying vacant in
Gurgaon district and Gautam Budh Nagar district respectively.

63. Condition of Houses
Qualitative analysis of the housing stocks used
for residential purposes in NCR reveals that
while 58.9% of these houses are in good
condition, 37.9% are in liveable condition and
3.2 % houses are in dilapidated condition.
Proportion of Good houses in NCR is more in
the urban areas (64.7 %) whereas the proportion
of liveable houses (48.0%) is more in rural
areas. NCT Delhi has the highest percentage of
good quality houses in NCR (66%).
The percentage of dilapidated houses is more in
rural areas (4.2%) as compared to urban areas
(2.6%) in NCR. The quality of housing in NCR is
relatively better than India’s average. About 54%
houses in Haryana and U.P sub-regions have
been classified as good quality housing
Condition of Houses in NCR-2011

64.  Slums
• Economic vibrancy of urban centres offering livelihood opportunities is the chief cause
of in migration to the urban areas and migration has played a significant role in
accelerated urban growth.
• Migration to the urban areas for livelihood takes place regardless of the inadequacies
in the physical infrastructure.
• Planned urbanization has been marred to an extent by the huge demand for basic
amenities resulting in deterioration of physical living environment.
• Lack of housing is resulting in increase in the land prices, which forces the urban poor
to settle for informal solutions resulting in mushrooming of slums and squatter
settlements. Such unauthorized squatter settlements, bereft of basic amenities, are not
only overcrowded and unhygienic but also prone to various environmental hazards.

65. • In India 42.6 million people were living in the slums in 640 cities in 2001, out of which 4.8 percent
were in NCT-Delhi. In 2001, 14.6 percent of the total HH’s in Delhi
• Municipal Corporation were living in slums, which is comparatively lesser than other Million plus
cities like Greater Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai. Only Bangalore (M.C) has lesser slum HH’s
population as compared to Delhi (Table 11.2).
• Delhi continues to face the problem of mushrooming growth of Jhuggi-Jhopri (JJ) Clusters on land
pockets belonging to various land owning agencies i.e., DDA, MCD, NDMC, Delhi Cantonment
Board, Railways, Government Departments, CPWD, L&DO, Departments of Delhi Government
and other autonomous organizations. Slum Population in major towns of NCR in 2001 is given in
Table 11.3
Table 11.2 Proportion of Slum HHs in Million Plus Cities

66. Table 11.3 Slum Population in NCR (2001)

67. C) Uttar Pradesh Sub-Region
• Awas and Saheri Niyojan Anubhag-3 has launched a policy to provide housing for
EWS/ LIG segment. The policy has reservation of 10% units each for EWS and LIG
section its developers responsibility to provide EWG/ LIG section.
• As per policy if the construction of EWS/ LIG units is not possible within the project
area then it can be provided in a close-by location. It is also provided that FAR and
ground coverage utilised for EWS/ LIG units can be utilised by the developer in its
project over and above the allowed FAR, as an incentive
D) Rajasthan Sub-Region
• To address the housing situation of EWS / LIG segments, Government of Rajasthan
has initiated an affordable housing policy with PPP intervention having special focus
on EWS/ LIG households to arrest the growth of slums.
• The policy attempts to create adequate housing stock at rates that are affordable to
the poorer income groups. The policy also addresses the requirements of transit
accommodation for migrants through creation of rental housing.

68.  ISSUES
A) In the NCR, 10 percent of the Census Houses are lying vacant and are not put to
productive use, which is relatively higher than the national average of 7.5 percent.
B) Though the absolute number of census housing units exceeds the number of
households, still there is significant proportion of squatter families in NCR as these
units are beyond the affordability limits of the end user.
C) Fast growing towns like Noida, Greater Noida, and Ghaziabad etc. have witnessed
tremendous surge in the real estate activities which has lead to creation of a lot of
housing stocks. The Gap between the end user’s affordability and the rising price of
dwelling units has been increasing constantly.
D) NCR has 2.92 Lakhs houses in excess to its demand. In the urban areas of NCR
there are 6.33 Lakhs houses in excess where as in the rural areas there is a deficit
of 3.41 Lakh houses. On release of detailed census 2011 data on number of
households, congestion in housing, age of housing it will have to be re-worked out.
 HOUSING SCHEMES AND POLICIES
A) Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) Phase – II
B) Rural Housing
C) National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy, 2007
D) Draft National Slum Policy, 2001

69. Social Infrastructure
 BACKGROUND
• The Regional Plan-2021 for the National Capital Region (NCR) specifically
recognised the growths stimulating and sustaining role of social infrastructure
including education and health infrastructure in the regional development process.
• This sector requires immediate steps to make NCR, outside NCT-Delhi, attractive for
people in different regions of the NCR. Such balancing is essential for even growth of
the NCR.
• In NCR, CBSE and State Education Boards follow the "10+2+3" pattern of education.
In this pattern, 10 years of primary and secondary education is followed by 2 years of
higher secondary , and then 3 years of college education for bachelor's degree. Ten
years are further divided into 5years of primary education and 3 years of upper
primary, followed by 2 years of high school.
 EXISTING SCENARIO
• Literacy Rate- According to the Census 2011, the literacy rate in the NCR (80.4
percent) is higher than that of all India average of 74.0 percent. When compared
among the Sub-regions, NCT-Delhi (86.3 percent) has the highest literacy rate
followed by Haryana (78.2 percent), Uttar Pradesh (77.7 percent) and Rajasthan
(71.7 percent) Sub-Regions.

70. • Education facilities- There are 28,284 schools in NCR out of which, 18,386 (65.0%)
Government schools and 9898 (35.0%) private schools.
• Out of the 18386 govt. schools in NCR, 15659 are primary and upper primary
schools, where as only 2727 schools are Secondary and Higher Secondary schools.
• The private sector has set up more secondary and higher secondary schools in NCR
as compared to govt agencies. Of the total 9898 private schools in NCR, 6689 are
primary and upper primary school whereas 3209 schools are Higher Secondary
schools.

71. • The number of schools located in a
particular area is the parameter for
determining educational access.
• The population served by one school is
the highest in Delhi (3198), Haryana
sub-region (1464) and Uttar Pradesh
Sub-region (1423). The least population
served per school’ ratio is in Rajasthan
sub-region (699). Some of the Districts
like Faridabad (2726), Gurgaon (1890),
Panipat (1988) in Haryana sub-region
and Ghaziabad (2155), GB Nagar
(1518) in Uttar Pradesh sub-region have
the highest population served per
school’ in NCR. Districts like Rewari
(921) and Alwar (699) have the least
population served per school’ ratio.
Share of Schools in NCR

72.  Enrolments in Primary and Secondary Schools-
• Elementary education is the foundation of the pyramid of education system,
stemming from provisions enshrined in the Directive Principles of State Policy and
the 86th Amendment in the Constitution of India.
• At district level it has been observed that Gross Enrollment Rates (GER) have
drastically reduced during 2009 to 2011 in the districts of Faridabad (16.4) and
Jhajjar (74.6) of the Haryana Sub Region and Central and North Delhi of NCT
Delhi. The other constituent districts of the NCR have either registered a constant
or an increasing GER. There has been a decline in the overall Gross Enrolment
.Rates.

73. Heritage and Tourism
 BACKGROUNd
• Tourism plays an important role in promoting faster, sustainable and more inclusive
economic growth. It has better prospects for promoting pro-poor growth than many
other sectors.
• The XIIth Five Year Plan has estimated to creation of 78 jobs per million rupees of
investment in the travel and tourism as compared to 45 jobs in the manufacturing
sector.
• The NCR is endowed with a vast and multilayered history of diverse cultural heritage
and natural resources with prospects to develop the Region a globally competitive
tourism destination. The Region has ancient cultural sites of international, national,
regional, and local significances.
• The natural expanse of the NCR is diverse in terms of vast forest areas; hills and
ridges part of Aravalli ranges; rivers, large wetlands; arid hinterlands which are home
to large number of flora and fauna. All these tourism resources attract a large number
of domestic and international tourists in NCR (Map 13.1).

74. EXISTING HERITAGE SITES IN NCR
Man-made Heritage- There are 258 centrally protected monuments protected by
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) and 20 State protected monuments protected by State
Archaeological Departments in the constituent States of NCR . NCT Delhi has the highest
number of Centrally protected monuments (166) followed by Haryana Sub-Region (63) and
Uttar Pradesh Sub-Region (26). State protected monuments are more in Rajasthan Sub-
region. However, there are a larger number of unprotected monuments.
Number of Protected Monuments in various Sub-Regions of NCR

75. • Natural heritage- There are a large number of Natural heritage sites in the Sub-
region, viz. Hastinapur Sanctuary, River Yamuna, Ganga, Wetland, etc.
 TOURIST FLOW IN NCR
• In 2009, the Delhi Airport received 31.8% of the total 13.71 million international
tourists visiting India. Delhi had the highest number of international tourists visiting
NCR. About 42% of the total foreign tourists visited the tourist places in Delhi, 32% in
Uttar Pradesh, 23% in Rajasthan and 3% in Haryana. In respect of domestic tourists
visiting NCR, Uttar Pradesh (80%) attracted a large share followed by Rajasthan
(15%), Haryana (4%) and Delhi (1%).
Percentage of Domestic Tourists visiting NCR States Percentage of Foreign Tourists visiting NCR States (2009)

76.  POLICIES AND PROPOSALS
• Protection of Man-made Heritage Sites
i) The listing of monuments and conservation areas of all the towns/districts in NCR should be
completed on priority basis. Specific requirements for their protection should be highlighted
in the said plans and may vary according to their level of significance. A distinction needs to
be made between the legally protected buildings and the 'listed' buildings. The 'listed'
buildings do not require the same level of scientific protection as the centrally and state
protected monuments.
ii) Town and Country Planning Legislations of the constituent States have provisions for the
development of "Special Areas". Each State should use this instrument to declare the area
around the protected monuments to be special areas and prepare area level plans for an
area covering 300 metres around it.
iii) The respective departments of archaeology should indicate where they reasonably expect to
find underground ruins, and these areas should be duly identified in the Master Plan for
each town and the respective district level plans. Buildings proposed to be constructed in
these areas should require a no-objection certificate from the relevant departments of
archaeology before the building plans are sanctioned.
iv) In order to implement these policies, if any amendment is required in the Town and Country
Planning Act of the constituent States, it should be done.

77. PROTECTION OF NATURAL HERITAGE SITES
i. All the identified areas of natural heritage should be protected in terms of land use and
pollution control in the vicinity to ensure the protection of biodiversity and urban
ecosystems. Afforestation with right type of species and control of growth of monoculture
should be taken up in hilly areas.
ii. Right type of agricultural practices including social forestry, energy plantation and agro-
forestry would go a long way to improve the natural environment.
iii. The enforcement of the prohibition, directions notified by the Ministry of Environment and
Forests, Government of India dated 07.05.1992 should be ensured while taking up
developmental activities in the region. A special Conservation Plan for the above notified
areas should be prepared by the respective State Governments/Authorities.

79. Disaster management
“a catastrophe,mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or
manmade causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or
human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or degradation of,
environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the
community of the affected area.”

80. Vulnerability atlas of india indicates that the NCR falls within;
•High damage Risk zone with regard to earthquake
•Very high risk damage risk zone b(v=50m/s) with regard to wind and cyclone hazard
•Areas liable to flood
Vulnerability risk assessments of ncr due to natural hazard needs to be done.
Earthquake
The seismic vulnerability of built environment of NCR ranges between 6.5 to 6.7 on the Richter
scale and is also capable of producing earthquake of magnitude 8.

82. Seismic Hazard and Risk Microzonation provides:
•(a) Probabilistic estimate of earthquake hazard at each microzone on earthquake
shaking
•(b) Extent of likely damage to built environment (dwellings, community
•structures, lifelines, industrial structures, monuments and heritage structures) and
define damage ratio and people living in structures susceptible to damage,
•(c) Measures for retrofitting of existing structures to render them safe
•(d) Specific guidelines for designing and construction of earthquake resistant structures
in different microzones.
Floods
•Central water commission observed that only small portion towards the southeast in
delhi is unprotected flood prone area(25sqkm).
•The flow and the expected flood levels of yamuna is taken at taje wala headworks was
130km upstream from where two canals take of.
•The two canals have limited capacity, in heavy precipitation of yamuna and its
tributaries , the river downstream comes in spate and flooding the adjoining areas

83. High winds
Ncr area falls in very high damage risk zone b (v=50m/s) therefore the structures in the region
are at great risk due to the wind load experienced.
Fire
Fast growing cities like delhi loacted in ncr are threatened by fire hazard which maybe
attributed to following main reasons :
•Non-implementation of fire safety norms
•Encroachment ,overcrowded and haphazard growth
•Illegal and loose electric connections
•Inadequate special firefighting equipments in high rise buildings
•Illegal storage and hazardous commercial activities.
Vulnerability of ncr due to fire hazard should be taken up and adequarte safety provisions be
made for future planning of ncr.

84. Policies and proposals
•There is a need to have proper planning at various levels for disaster preparedness ,
mitigation and response. Dmc committees maybe formed at sub regional and district level
further detailing out the roles and responsibilities.
•Human resource development in an important factor of capacity building
For this training programs, workshops, seminars, research activities should be undertaken
periodically .
•Efforts need to be made on using state of art technologies .
A complete techno legal regime has to be proposed for amending the present building
bylaws to include safety aspect from natural hazard point of view .
•The participating state should undertake the vulnurablity and risk assessment of the
respective sub regions due to natural hazardsand prepare prevention cum preparedness
plan as a part sub regional plan.

85. Rural development
As per census 2011 , the total rural
population of ncr is 172.6 lakhs which
accounts for 37.5% of the total ncr
population.
The regional plan 2021 proposed strategy
for rural development which envisages
provision of facilities and increase the
income of rural masses.
The plan proposed six tier hierarchy of
settlements out of which 3 are rural
settlement system such as service centers
,central villages and basic villages. These
settlements would be identified in the sub
regional plans and district development plans
by the state govt. based on their growth
potential,size, connectivity and ability of
performing fucntions.

86. Issues
•District developments plans need to be prepared and aligned with the provisions of
the constitutions (74th amendment) act, 1992.
•Govt of india and ncr states having schemes related tot rural development which need
to be dovetailed with the regional plan for their implementation.
• the rural settlements which are close to national capitol and metropolitan cities
undergoing physical and socio economical changes causing shortage of basic services
•The policies and acts of ncr constituent states have provisions for preparation of
master plan but donot have any control on location of urban activities in rural areas.

87. Policies and Proposals
Service centers and central villages will
be identified in the sub regional plans by
the state govt.
State govt will prepare the detailed rural
development programs and incorporate
the same in sub regional and district
plans.
State govt may indentify service centers
for development in their sub region &
financial assistance maybe provided for
preparation of plans and implementation.

88. Strategies for rural development
•Training programs processing of vocal produced , vocational skillups etc, allied agro-
economic activities should be approached.
•Financial incentives and loan schemes for starting micro enterprises maybe worked
out through district planning
•Providing urban facilities in rural areas such as housing , sanitation , water supply to
improve quality of life in rural areas .
•Increasing demand for organic agriculture produce in ncr should be met through
cultivating non- conventional crops such as mushrooms, broccoli etc . The state govt
should finance and support facilities to the farmers to promote non-conventional
farming in ncr .
•Promotion of strategic partnership between govt agency private sector , ngo’s , in the
area of marketing , research and growth of rural infrastructure.
•On regular basis relevant information should be provided of on goin programs ,
market potentials etc.

89. Regional land use
The ncrpb act,1985 states that the regional plan shall indicate the land in the ncr shall be used
by development or by conservation or otherwise
The regional land use plan translates planning policies and proposals into physical forms to
illustrate .
Review
•Regional plan 2001 policies brought out critical issues of large scale conversion of fertile land
into non-agricultural use and converison of land along transport corridor in cncr.
•In ncr constituent states land use control is exercised within areas around towns through their
existing acts
Existing land use analsys
NCR Planning Board commissioned a Study on “Creation and Updation of Land use/ cover
forreview of Regional Plan-2021” to National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Department
of Space,Government of India.

90. Change of land use in ncr
Change of land use in haryana

91. Issues
•Conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural use
•Unplanned growth in environmentally sensitive areas such as yamuna river bed.
•Density norms could not be followed in the master plan of ncr towns .
•The regional plan 2021 proposed highway corridor zones along national highways converging
to delhi but it has been observed that ribbon urban development is taking place which are not
converging to delhi and expressways
Policies and proposals
Policy and proposals for each of the zones are followed :
controlled/development zone –it is proposed land use 2021 under intense pressure
for this purpose all the areas declared by state govt will be deemed as controlled
zones and no development can be undertaken.
Within the controlled zones there will be three sub zones which will be undertaken in
master plan

92. Urbanisable area-
The city level density norms of urban development plans will be adopted in the regional plan
2021, state govt would elaboratethe details of land use , zoning regulation in sub regional and
master plan .
Village development plans should be framed new areas maybe indentified, land reserved in
the master plan for disposal of waste , utility services etc.
Agricultural zones and green buffers-
Agricultural zones within the controlled areas of urban centers in master plans are to be
strictly adhered no activities should be permitted other than those defined in regional plan .
Green buffers along road networks will have minimum width.
Green buffers provided along transport network and other areas maintain and regulated by
state acts while prevailing state acts provide for different widths these acts will be suitably
amended to incorpate the width provided in regional plan 2021.
highway corridor zone will be outside the existing controlled areas of towns having minimum
width of 500m and it is prepared by the state govt as declared in master plan.

93. Zoning regulations
4 broad zones have been identified for land use control and activities permited in these zones
are:
Controlled zone
•Urbanisable area-the functions and uses in urbanisable area are:
•Residential, commercial ,industrial , recreational, open spaces, transport and communication ,
offices and heritage areas.
•Agricultural zone-cash crops,poltury farming , milk station, social forestry , non-polluting
industries registered as rsi units which is located within half km of the village.
•Bus shelter and railway station , wireless station, green godowns , telephone and electric
poles, powerplant etc.
•Natural conservation zones-activities permitted : agriculture and horticulture ,pisiculture, socio
forestry, regional recreation activities after clearance from authority.
•Agricultural zones outside control area- activities permissible:
•Dairy ,afforestation , educational facilities, training institutions including engg and medical
colleges , health facilities , hospitals ,brick kilns,village markets, rural industry, farm houses and
solid waste management facility.

94. Counter magnet areas
Ncrpb act,1985 in consultation with the state
govt concern that any urban area outside ncr
having regardsto its location , population and
potential for its growth maybe developed as
counter magnet area.
After the detail study taking into
consideration various parameters on
linkages , 5 counter magnets were identified :
Bareilly in up, gwaliar in mp, hisar in haryana
, kota in rajasthan and patiala in punjab in
2001
On ncr policy zones and settlement pattern
while preparing regional plan 2021 for ncr
was of the selection of counter magnet areas
from where less than six percent migrants
come to nct do not appear to be justified

95. Review of existing cma
In order to review the status of development activities , regional importance, population,
migration , master plan and status report of ncrpb was taken up for the five existing cm areas.
Migration to ncr
The total migration to nct including migration within the state is 23.54 lakh. The migrants in
terms of litracy is 70.8 % , sex ratio is 785 females per 1000 males and the work participation
rate is 43.21% .

96. Reason for migration
Employment , business, family movement etc, nct dominates the population trend in the ncr ,
pupulation in haryana sub region has increased by 3 times, up has increased 2.5 times the
least influence to the ncr is from rajasthan region.
Analsys of migration dats reveals that 100 districts contribute towards nct delhi .
Maximum migration are within 300km of nct delhi
this also emphasize the need of providing efficient mass transport system , opportunity with
nct delhi offering jobs.

97. Selection of cm areas
100 top districts short listed on migration to the region nct and ncr districts .
These were taken into consideration such as distance, population and locational
attributes.
Considering various aspects six towns as cma for ncr requiring immeidate developments
with respect ot ncr, finally five towns were selected which covers 24 districs and able to
tackle migrating people to ncr .the planning committee indentified cma for ncr 2021
Ambala in haryuana, bareilly in up,dehradun in uk, hisar in haryana, kanpur in up.
It was decided that these areas shall be areas of 120 km of radius around the identified
towns as zones for migration and three existing cm , gwaliar , kota, patiala will remain cma
and project of these areas were givin low priority .

99. Policies and proposals
Strengthing of economic base- the success of thses areas depends upon thir capacity to
generate economic activities and develop and special economic zones.
Up gradation of physical and social infrastructure- to sustain the economic infrastructure in cma
the govt will have to prepare joint projects financially supported by ncrpb .
Strengthening of regional linkages- the linkages with the metropolitan centers need to be strong
, railways, roads, highways , communication and it have to put a lot of effort .
Strategy for development of cma
2 strategy is for development of cma
1)Urban development – 120km area as zone of influence for migration was considered . It is
proposed that sate govt may notify cma to be developed in and around new township. The
major aspects such as landarea , housing, transport, economic development , infrastructure
should be considered.

100. 2)Economic development -
Identified sectors
The cma identified should develop wide range of sectors that can attract
investments.the cm areas have potential to spread across , some of the potential
sectors are- industrial park, transport hub, knowledge center, food park, production
centre . These are taken up for economic base development .
Financing strategy
Mix factor are required for a investment climate . State govt need to exploit resources
and capabilities available in their states and in the region in close proximity to these
cities .
Resource mobilization
Enabling the cma to perform successfully it is necessary that development initiatives
are taken up time to time . Initiatives can be sources from various sources such as
state and central givt .
Methods to strengthen economic base through location of sez
With the increasing competition to attract investments in the regions the strategy of
attracting investments has not been successful as investors thus , market mechanism
is a basic need for attracting investments and locations and local govt need to take
initiatives of investors to invest.

101. Implementation strategy ,
management structure &
resource mobilization
The economic potential of a region can be leverage through a number of economic ,
commercial , industrial & services in the region as well as the availability of qualified ,
educated skilled and mobile population . However the ncrpb act , 1985 while promoting
regional economic development has to uphold the federal identity of the constituent states
NCRPB has been given four key functions:
a) To prepare a Regional Plan (RP) for NCR
b) To assist the states in preparing Sub-Regional Plans (SRP) for NCR constituent
areas
c) To prepare Functional Plans (FP) for one or more elements of RP such as water,
transport, power, etc. depending on regional bearing
d) To arrange for and oversee the financing of selected development projects
It is time to recognize the challenges before the NCRPB now that it has reached a
significant milestone in
the implementation of the RP-2021.

102. The mandate of ncrpb
The mandate is clear on the planning roles for ncr . The implementation strategy falls short in
being able to ensure and enforcement of the plan . Interestingly the act specifies that the
ncrpb can only coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the regional pla, functional
plan, sub regional plan , project plan through participating states and union territories
Outcome of regional plan 2021 during 2007-12
One of the yardsticks used in the past to measure the success of the Plan has been to
alleviate the migration pressures. In an increasingly globalizing world where cities are
competing for the best of resources – physical and human – providing employment
opportunities and supporting infrastructurebecome key considerations. Accordingly, this
section attempts to assess the performance-to-date through
the following parameters:
a) Population trends
b) Service delivery in NCR
c) Service delivery in CMAs
d) Project funding

103. Population trends in ncr
Service delivery in ncr
The electricity coverage in NCR towns has improved significantly over the last decade but
the average is below the NCTD levels. It is widely accepted that power supply and its
coverage play a crucial role in the
economic growth of the cities and towns. Without proper coverage and efficient supply of
power, cities and towns in NCR cannot perform their role as growth engines and employment
generators.

104. Resource mobilization
the funds available with the NCR Planning Board are from the following sources:
i) Grant from the Ministry of Urban Development
ii) Contribution from Delhi Government
iii) Market borrowings (Taxable and Tax-free bonds)
iv) Internal accruals (Interest income)
v) Multilateral/bilateral funds

105. Issues and strategies
Land as resource
User charges
Private sector
Restructuring and reforms

106. Management structure
Suggestions stated in ncrpb act,1985
i) NCRPB’s secretariat needs to be re-structured, strengthened and up graded to discharge
its remit as
outlined in this Chapter. Particular attention would need to be given to strengthen the
organization
for more efficient utilization of its funds and providing assistance to participating states in
preparing Plans and projects and securing market capital.
ii) More than increasing the manpower strength of NCRPB and state NCR Cells, there is a
need to
undertake capacity building program for the staff of all these bodies on a large scale to deal
with the
issues that need to be tackled at both macro and micro levels for balanced regional
development.
iii) Strengthening of Project Monitoring Cell at NCRPB for formulation of inter-state projects
and their
monitoring. E-governance should be promoted in the designing, implementation and
monitoring of
RP/SRP/FP/projects of the Region.
iv) Restructuring the NCR Planning & Monitoring Cells at the state level in a manner that
facilitates
single line command and control.

107. v) States should designate a nodal department to liaise with NCRPB for all matters
connected with it.
Ideally this department should also be dealing with JnNURM-II matters and other similar
missions
& schemes.
vi) A Standing Committee (SC) of Principal Secretaries of the Departments dealing with
Urban
development of the member states should be constituted so that the progress in the
implementation
of RP-2021 could be monitored and impediments, if any, could be removed. Planning
Committee
stipulated by the NCRPB can perform the above mentioned role.
vii) The performance indicators with respect to the urban services and other
infrastructure should be
institutionalised so that the monitoring of the projects is benchmarked against these
indicators.
NCRPB should enhance the participatory processes, such that there is buy-in from all
stakeholders.
Greater effort is required to increase awareness about the Regional Plan amongst the
elected
representatives of the urban local bodies and citizens of these communities.

108. Effective implementation
enable effective implementation of the Plan:
Setting up an MIS to track and monitor/evaluate the implementation and report
the progress
periodically to the Board.
Conducting Impact Assessments of projects/development works and undertaking
corrective measures, where necessary.

109. Thank you