Responsive design approach of spontaneous settlement, a case study of Korail Slum, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

1. Responsible design approach of
spontaneous settlement
A case study of Korail Slum
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Kaniz Saima
2776992,
Thesis Semester,
Master of Infrastructure planning,
University of Stuttgart
Supervised by Prof. Antje Stokman, Dr. -Ing. Horst Reichert

2. Content
• Introduction
• Background context
• Literature review
• Case study
• Site study
• Conceptual framework
• Policy development
• Strategies
• Phased implementation

3. Dhaka megacity- the 11th largest megacity in the world
9.9 million people in 1,353 square km (BBS, 2001)
Density 7,000 people/ square km in megacity
After 80‘s industrial sectors and service sectors both contribute
higher (70% of the total GDP) than agriculture sector. Rapid
urbanization is happened (Bangladesh Economic Review 2012,
Chapter 2).
The Projected annual growth rate is highest (3.2)
28% of people is poor which is 5% in whole country. (UN World
urbanization Prospects, 2003)
Introduction
RAPID URBANIZATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
http://www.rrcap.ait.asia/pub/soe/dhaka-soe-05/2-1dhaka-Introduction.pdf
http://www.seekdl.org/nm.php?id=2760 http://www.geospatialworld.net/Paper/Application/ArticleView.aspx?aid=1416
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT.html

4. Slum are the products of failed policies, bad governance, corruption, inappropriate
regulation, dysfunctional land markets, unresponsive financial systems, and a
fundamental lack of political will. (Special Interest Group in Urban Settlement, School of
Architecture and Planning, MIT., 2001)
UNDERSTANDING THE CAUSES OF SLUM
Introduction

5. In Bangladesh, slum prevalence remains very high at 70 per cent”. (UN-HABITAT,
2008, p. 44). According to CUS out of 9,048 slum community, 4,966 are located in
Dhaka (CUS, 2005).
Introduction
KORAIL SLUM IN BANGLADESH

6. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• what will be the approach of Korail slum towards a responsive design? How to
achieve it?
To find the approach, the research also finds the answer of the sub question-
• What is the current Government strategies and guideline for the slum dwellers?
What are the alternatives?
• how to improve the lifestyle of slum dwellers and how can this approach contribute
to the city scale?
AIMS
•The approach is guided by three elements of sustainability- social, economic and
environmental aspect.
•to find an integrated way to long term approach.
OBJECTIVES
•Built a sustainable community and increasing their confidence so that they can
improve their livelihood and not depend on others.
•Access to service facility for slum dwellers.
•To improve economic condition to remove poverty
•to avoid exclusion and slum expansion
Introduction

7. SLUM EVICTION AS A NORMAL PHENOMENA
• A study of DSK- Shiree publication was revealed the losses of shiree beneficiaries
Household in Mosharraf bazar.
• Korail people along with their legal assistance ASK, BLAST and Shiree has made a
writ petition in High Court.
• Following the writ petition High court passed an order to suspend eviction until further
order (Shiree, 2012)
http://www.demotix.com/news/1141387/eviction-kuril-slum/all-media
Background Context

8. Three main alternatives to eviction analyzed by Ministry of Housing and Public works-
(i) Resettlement- widely practice by Government, Bangladesh
(ii) On-site upgrading-
• public housing strategies-
• Scalling up service facility-
• Community participation-
• land-sharing-
GOVERNMENT POLICY FOR SLUM DWELLERS
http://communityarchitectsnetwork.info/upload/news/pdf_25012014002918.pdf
http://www.nha.gov.bd/download.php?type=notice&file=TOR_Firm_PPSIP-outline_version_for_REOI-v1.pdf
Background Context
• The programme “Back to village Program” funded by Krishi Bank does not viable in reality.
• Job housing distance- Site for relocation project is not close to urban core, in fringe area-
example: small scale housing “ARBAN”.
• Resettling to an apartment does not fit to their lifestyle- example Bhashantek Rehabilitation
Project:
RELOCATION – A FAILURE POLICY

9. Literature Review
A framework of sustainable development
A combined method of Architecture, urban planning and engineering
Human oriented urban design
Not in terms of efficiency but focus on human wellbeing, social improvement
RESPONSIVE DESIGN APPROACH
Multiply
social
capital
Efficient
use of
urban
space
Mobilize
Citizen
and Govt.
Minimize
natural
capital
Sustainable Community Development
Bottom up
Government Programme
State Controlled
Centralized Institution
Funding
Collaborated with communities
Deliver project at scale
Appropiate impact
Reform policy and regulation
for pro-poor
Influence Government
Engage local networks
Comminity participation
Sustainable development
Top down
A framework of sustainable community development.
Roseman, 2003, p. 100 Hickman, p. 7
Anirban Adhya, 2010, p. 29

10. Case study findings
http://journals.ed.ac.uk/hydra/article/download/198/98. http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2032&context=isp_collection
http://sollyangel.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/1988-Land-Sharing-as-an-Alternative-to-Eviction.pdf

11. Case study findings
http://archinect.com/features/article/104315/branner-fellowship-summary-favela-chic, http://www.dw.de/land-titles-empower-brazils-favela-
dwellers/a-16286806, http://practicalaction.org/urbanenvironment_faridpur,

12. Site study findings
SURROUNDINGS IMPACT OF KORAIL SLUM DEVELOPMENT
Land Price high
Gulshan 1151 Euro/sq.m
Banani 1151 Euro/sq.m
Mohakhali 1151 Euro/sq.m
Baridhara 1300 Euro/sq.m
Surroundings important node
Commercial area
Highclass residential area
Embassy area
Manpower
Korail Slum
Leftover space
In Govt. land

13. NEIGHBORHOOD, EXCLUSION VS EXPANSION
Site study findings
Source: Sauter, A. V; Scherer, L. V, 2013/14
Agriculture area Expansion area

14. KORAIL COMMUNITY
Site study findings
Source: Modified by author, Sauter, A. V; Scherer, L. V, 2013/14

15. Site study findings
SWOT ----KORAIL SLUM

16. Site study findings
SWOT- STRENGTH AND POTENTIALITY

17. Site study findings
SWOT- WEAKNESS AND THREAT

18. Conceptual Framework
SOCIAL INCLUSION AND CONTROL EXPANSION

19. STRATEGIES
Policy development

20. STRATEGIES 01,02,03
Policy development
Social security and safety, poverty reduction

21. STRATEGY 04+06 - A PATH ALONG LAKESIDE
Policy development
Social inclusion, slum expansion control and poverty reduction

22. STRATEGY 04+06 - INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT TO UPGRADE
Street hierarchy with social hubs Public service facilities on Social hub
Storm water discharge with biological treatment
Drainage system along road
Social hub act as public space
Policy development
Social inclusion,

23. Implementation and phase development
PHASE DEVELOPMENT