1. DTNT: Orphans of the Metro city, Mumbai
Mathi, Mehul and Kezia went to Reay
road to meet people of Nagpanthi
community. While Ronald, Rinchen and
Shri went to Jai Ambe Nagar slums and
visited Wadar community. Kadambari,
Goutam and Jaffer documented the woes
of Pardhi community in Mankhurd area.
THE DENOTIFIED NEWS
www.dailynews.com THE INDIA’S DENOTIFIED TRIBES - Since British times

2. Introduction
Historicity
 India – 6 million DTNT people – Branded as Criminal tribes during Brittish
Rule
 De-notified Tribes also known as Vimukta Jati, are the tribes that are
originally listed under the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, as Criminal tribes and
reinforced by the systematic commission of non-bailable offences.
 Criminal Tribes Act of 1952 repealed the notification, i.e., ‘de-notified’ the
tribal communities

3. Characteristics
 Weak Economic Characteristics:
 More than 90% DTNT’s are BPL & are vulnerable
 Traditional occupations declared illegal by modern laws
 Livelihood is the biggest fight for survival
 Political Characteristics
 Not categorized under schedules like SC’s & ST’s
 Some are there in the state list but non-uniformity across country
 No census of DTNT’s of India since 1931
 Victimized by different agencies like Police, BMC etc
 Cultural Characteristics
 Very close to nature (forest dependencies etc.)
 Religious practices
Aimed at protecting nature
IntroductIon to dtnt
According to Budget 2013, DTNT’s are super poor - Since 1802

4. Three case studies Setting: Mumbai, Maharashtra
1. Reay Road (Nagpanthis Community)
2. Mankhurd (Paradhi Community)
3. Jai Ambe Nagar,Chembur (Wadar Community)
Introduction to the tribe
Community profile
Basic amenities
Documents
Livelihood
IntroductIon to dtnt
According to Budget 2013, DTNT’s are super poor - Since 1802

5. THE DTNT LIFESTYLE

6. Nagpanthis are descendants of Lord Shiva.
 Population of the settlement
 Migration
 Documents
 Food
 Water
 Shelter
 Electricity
 Hygiene & Sanitation
 Education status
Livelihood & Change in livelihood patterns
Seasonal changes
Threats and vulnerabilities
Nagpanthis: Reay Road: NEWS and Marginalities DTNT EXCLUSIVES
THE
Nagpanthis Community
Nature of the
document
No. of document
holders
Voter Identity card 120
Ration card 130(families)
Aadharcard 25
Pancard 30-40

7. De-notified as tribes but Notified as ‘Chhoors’
Observations:
 The field area is located opposite to Saathe
Nagar, Mankhurd
 It is dominated by the Pardhi community,
consisting of approx. 500 households
 450 households are ration card holders
 None of the households still don’t have BPL
cards
 Only 40 people have Voting IDs
Pardhi: Mankhurd NEWS AND marginalities DTNT EXCLUSIVES
THE
Pardhi Community

8. DTNT - PARDHI
LIVELIHOOD MARGINALITIES
Located next to the dumping ground for Taj Hotel
and Oberoi Hotel’s food waste
No Electricity
No Sanitation facility
No water facility – have to buy cans at Rs. 5 per 20
litres
Inadequate Ration
Children don’t have access to school education
“Gandagi mein rehte hain..light nahi hai..pani nahi
hai..”
Date today 00/00/00
Marginal Paradhi Households
Majority of them are Gajra Sellers & lemon-chilly
vendors
Other sources of livelihood : Naka Workers, Beggary
Average Income : Rs. 200 per day
Mistreated and manhandled by Police personnels
Seize their products and penalise upto Rs. 1200/-
“Dhanda karte pe Police wale tang karte hain”
“Abhi toh road pe dhanda karne nahi dete”

9. DTNT - PARDHI
Post-1972, they have stopped indulging into thefts but after that wherever
used to travel, faced social exclusion and the social stigma with the label
‘CHOR’
No Political representation
Living in harmony with the Muslim neighbours
Practice Endogamy
Marriageable Age – 18 for Girls, 25 for boys, however the girls are
engaged off at 15 years of age
“Humara koi value nahi hai”
“Yeh sabse sataaya hua tabka hai”
“Apna jaat toh apna hi hai”
Conti..

10. DTNT - PARDHI
This community, no longer involved in stealing profession
No group leader
No organisation working for the Pardhis
Inaccessability to the basic resources
Stigmatised section
Mistreated by the Police
No help from Local Urban Bodies
Findings…..

11. HARD WORKING CONTRACT WORKERS
 Since 1985 near Cheda nagar Bridge, 50 huts, 250-300 people
 Historical Background
 Aurangabad, Nanded – Maharashtra
 Occupation – Construction contract workers (canals, pipelines, drainages, roads, telephone etc)
working in groups unitedly in a closed network
 Contemporary Conditions
 Migration for better Livelihood options in the developing cities – like Mumbai
 Occupation – Frequency of work & opportunities are more & better paid
 Settlement is permanent in Mumbai – even after local migration
JAI AMBE NAGAR, CHEMBUR DTNT EXCLUSIVES
THE
Wadar Community

12. DTNT - WADAR
LIVELIHOOD MARGINALITIES
 Daily wage contract laborers
 Dependency of payment to workers is
on the contractors (Mukadam) – who is one
among them that in turn depends on his
network with tender holders
 Even after local migration Base remains
constant (Chembur)
 Highly connected to each other –
recommendation migration
 Average earning: ranges from 150 – 200
per day or even on task basis Rs. 500/day for
a particular task
Spending distribution – Majorly into
Education of children & daily expenses
Marginalities  Lack of  legal
settlements, Skills, Education, continues
employment & Social protection
Date today 00/00/00
In libris graecis appetere mea. At vim odio lorem
omnes, pri id iuvaret partiendo. Vivendo menandri et
sed. Lorem volumus blandit cu has.Sit cu alia porro
fuisset.

13. Root
Causes
Unsafe
Conditi
ons
Dynamic
Pressure
Begg-
er’s
Nagpanthi’s
Stove-
Repairi
ng
Sell
old
newsp
apers
Cow
Feedin
g
Sewag
e Line
Clean
ers
Road
Constr
uction
Worker
Wadar Paradhi
TheftGajra
Sellers
Lemon
Chilly
Vendor
s
VULNERABILITY
CONTEXT
•Trends in Social exclusion
•Lack of educational & any
other skills
•Seasonality
Liveli-
hood
Assets
H
NS
F P
TRANSFORMING
STRUCTURES & PROCESSES
STRUCTURES
• Levels of Government
interventions
• Private Sector
PROCESSES
• Laws
• Policies
• Culture
• Institutions
Sadly  no concrete
livelihood strategy in
place & as a result no
sustainable Livelihood
Outcome

14. SuggeStionS and recommendationS
Concerns
• Food – Inadequate
Ration
• Water
• Shelter
• Livelihood
• Cows and grazing
• Employment
• No
Collectivisation
Current Measures
• PDS
• Supply
• Rehabilitation-SRA
• Anti Beggary Act
• Only for maldharis
Suggestion
• Ration Card
• Purified,clean Drinking
Water
• Livelihood +
Transportation
• Identity Card
• Inclusiveness
• Separate reservation /
include in ST reservation
• Representation in
Assemblies & Parliament.

15. References -
According to References -- - Since 1802
1. “Steal or I’ll call you a thief: ‘Criminal’ Tribes of India”, EPW by Susan
Abraham (Economic & Political Weekly)
2. Tanda publications report on pardhi’s, Mumbai City
3. Denotified Tribes to get a better deal in 12th 5 year plan, Article, The Hindu
4. Denotified & Nomadic Tribes : A Perspective, By Milind Bokil, EPW

16. Thank You
According to References -- - Since 1802