The document discusses making inferences by using details and facts to make reasoned guesses about unknown information. It provides an example where a man is under a sink with tools and a puddle, allowing the inference that the sink is leaking and he is fixing it. The document advises to notice unusual details, consider the author's purpose, and add up known facts to make inferences. An example sentence states that half of US classrooms now have internet access, from which it can be inferred that students have access to current news and information sources are no longer limited to books.