Body adapted wearable bio sensors

1. BODY ADAPTED WEARABLE
BIOSENSORS
(THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY)
by
Kavindra krishna
Research Scholar
AMU
13LECM030
Department of Electronics Engineering AMU
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2. Contents
 Introduction
 Need for a wearable biosensor
 What is Wearable Biosensor
 Components of a Biosensor
 Ring Sensor
 Smart Shirt
 Applications
 Future trends
 Conclusion
 References
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3. Introduction
 Actually this topic is the part of Body Adapted Electronics, it’s a
current emerging technology and some how break the
boundaries between human and technology.
 These wearable are typically-tiny , packed with wide range of
sensors and feedback systems, to make their use less intrusive
but more socially acceptable.
 From the past few years(after Google glass), these technology,
pull the focus of peoples and peoples are also take interest in
these technology,because, devices are constructed with Wearable
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4. Introduction
 Electronics are very helping in nature such as-
a) It can tell about your personal health & fitness by monitoring exercise ,
heart rate,sleep pattern and so on.
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5. Introduction
b) Google glass worn by oncologist/doctors,to assist in surgery via
medical records and other visual information accessed by voice
commands.
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6. Introduction
c) Haptic Shoe sole that communicates GPS direction through vibration alerts
felt by the feet and this application is specially helpful to blind people to
navigate.
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7. Introduction
Quick look of our previous discussion
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8. Need for a wearable biosensor
 Remote monitoring of patients.
 Training support for athletes.
 Monitoring of individuals who work with
hazardous elements.
 Tracking of professional truck driver’s vital signs to
alert them of fatigue.
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9. What is wearable biosensor ?
Wearable Biosensor = Wearable + Biosensor
 Biosensor is an analytical
device used for detection
of analyte.
 e.g. Blood Glucose
Detector
Biosensor
 Object that can be worn
on body.
 e.g. wrist watches, ring,
shirts etc.
Wearable
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10. Wearable Biosensor
 Wearable monitoring devices that allow continuous
monitoring of physiological signals.
 They rely on wireless sensors enclosed in items that can be
worn, such as ring or shirt.
 The data sets recorded using these systems are then processed
to detect patient’s clinical situations.
 Biosensor is an analytical device, which converts a
biological response into electrical signal.
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11. Components Of Wearable Biosensor
Three main components of wearable biosensors are:
 Biological element: For sensing the presence and
concentration of a substance.
 Transducer: The product of interaction of biological
component and sample may be a suitable chemical, charge etc.,
which can be converted by transducer into an electrical signal.
 Associated Electronic Devices: The electrical signal may be
further amplified and can be read on digital panels.
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12. Types Of Wearable Biosensor
Ring Sensor:
It allows one to continuously
monitor heart rate and oxygen saturation.
The device is shaped like a ring.
Smart Shirt:
This technology has been used to
integrate sensors for monitoring the vital
signs like temperature, heart rate and
respiration rate.
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13. About Ring Sensor
 It is a pulse oximetry, i.e.
it monitors the oxygen saturation.
 It is based on the concept of
photoconductor.
Principles :-
 Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall displacement.
 Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric
method by photo resistor.
 Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces a
voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger. 13

14. Components:
• LED’s and Photodiodes
• Optical sensor unit
• PIC microcontroller
• RF transmitter
• Tiny cell battery
• Use of double ring structure.
• First stage amplifier
• Signal Conditioner
• Sample and hold circuit
 Less distance between LED & PD.
 Waveforms sampled at 100 Hz transmitted to a PDA or a cellular
phone carried by the patient.
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15. Working Of Ring Sensor
 Blood volume in the finger changes with the heart muscle
expansion and contraction.
 This blood volume changes can be easily detected by
photoelectric methods.
 Light is emitted by LED and transmitted through the artery and
the resistance of photo resistor is determined by the amount of
light reaching it.
 Optical density of blood depends on the blood volume.
 Oxygenated blood absorb more light than deoxygenated blood.
 If the blood volume increases, optical density increases, light
transmission through finger reduces & the resistance of photo
resistor increases.
 Thus the voltage generated by photo resistor varies with the
amount of blood in the finger. 15

16. Working Of Ring Sensor
 A noise cancellation filter is used to cancel the noise due to
motion of the finger.
 Block diagram of ring sensor is presented here.
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17. Applications
 Wireless supervision of people during hazardous operations.
 In an overcrowded emergency department.
 Chronic surveillance of abnormal heart failure.
 In cardio-vascular disease for monitoring the hyper tension.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Easy to use.
 Reducing hospitalization
fee
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high.
 Limited number of physiological
parameters can be monitored.
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18. About Smart Shirts
 Also known as GTWM i.e. Georgia
Tech Wearable Motherboard.
 This GTWM (smart shirt) provides an
extremely versatile framework for the
incorporation of sensing, monitoring
and information processing devices.
• It uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds and special sensors and
interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat
conditions.
• It is used to integrate sensors for monitoring the vital signs like
temperature, heart rate and respiration rate.
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19. 19

20. Working of Smart Shirt
 A combat soldier sensor to his body, pulls the smart shirt on, and
attaches the sensors to the smart shirt.
 A “signal” is sent from one end of the plastic optical fiber to a
receiver at the other end. The emitter and the receiver are
connected to a Personal Status Monitor (psm) worn at the hip
level by the soldier.
 If the light from the emitter does not reach the receiver inside the
PSM, it signifies that the smart shirt has been penetrated (i.e.; the
soldier has been shot).
 The signal bounces back to the PSM forum the point of
penetration, helping the medical personnel pinpoint the exact
location the solider wounds.
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21.  Information on the soldiers wound and the condition is
immediately transmitted electronically from the PSM to a
medical unit.
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22. Applications Of Smart Shirt
 Combat casualty care.
 Medical monitoring.
 Sports/ Performance monitoring.
 Space experiments.
 Mission critical/ hazardous application.
 Fire- fighting.
 Wearable mobile information infrastructure.
Advantages
 Continuous monitoring.
 Right Treatment at the right time
 Easy to wear and takeoff.
Disadvantages
 Initial cost is high
 Battery life is less
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23. Conclusion
 Applied to restricted area of potential market.
 Limitations: Sensitivity And battery life.
 Advanced technologies such as the smart shirt have at partial to
dramatically alter its landscape of healthcare delivery and at
practice of medicine as we know them today.
 It is leading to the realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any
place, Anytime, Anyone”.
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24.  H.Harry Asada, “Mobile monitoring with wearable ppg sensors”,IEEE engineering in medicine and
biology magazine, vol 22, pp- 28-39 may/june 2003.
 Park and Jayaraman,”Enhancing the quality of life through wearable technology”, IEEE engineering in
medicine and biology magazine,vol 22, pp- 41-48 may/june 2003.
 Handbook of biomedical instrumentation ,Khandpur ,pp-138,233,238
 R.Neuman,”Biomedical sensors”, handbook of biomedical instrumentation,pp-725-755.
 World Health Organization (2009) Visual impairment and blindness - Fact Sheet N°282. Available
online at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs282/en/
 Phd thesis on Wearable Assistive Devices for the Blind by Ramiro Velázquez Universidad
Panamericana, Aguascalientes, Mexico.
 http://www.smartshirt.gatech.edu
 http://www.wearables.gatech.edu
THANK YOU
References
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