An overview of the types of dental implants and their functions.

1. Dental Implants and Specialty
Materials
Chapters 12 & 13

2. Dental Implants
 Dental Implant: this type of implant exists both
inside and outside the body.
 A dental implant projects through the oral mucosa
and is not completely surrounded by tissue like
medical implants.
 A dental implant is susceptible to infection.
 Where the tissue and the implant meet is a potential
place for bacteria and other microorganisms to
enter into the body.

3. Implants
 Restoring a single tooth

4. Implants
 Restoring an Edentulous Ridge

5. Implants to support a denture
 If a patient has lost all of their teeth, implants may
be placed to help support the denture.
 Atrophic Edentulous Mandible: When the
mandible is edentulous the alveolar bone is no
longer stimulated this results in the alveolar bone
resorbing resulting in no ridge for the denture to
fit.

6. Implants to replace one or more
teeth
 What if the two teeth next to the missing tooth are
un-restored teeth?
 If a single tooth is missing, a implant is a nice
option rather than placing a bridge.
 Cost comparison of a 3unit bridge and an implant
might be the same, but the implant may be more
expensive. This depends on many factors. 1.the
type of implant chosen 2. the placement
procedures 3. cost of the final restoration.

7. Endosseous Dental Implants

8. Two Stage Implant Placement
Procedures
 Step One
 Soft tissue flap is laid exposing the bone of the implant
site.
 A channel is cut by using a surgical handpiece.
 The body of the implant is then placed and covered by
the soft tissue flap.
 The implant is left covered for weeks to months to allow
healing and osseointegration to occur without oral
contamination.
 Step Two
 The healing cap is attached to the body of the implant by
a screw. This allows the epithelial tissue form around
the fixed implant. This takes several weeks and then the
crown procedure may start.

9. Single Stage Implant Procedure
 Soft tissue flap is prepared and the channel is
prepared.
 The implant is placed with the body extending
above the tissue.
 The soft tissue is repositioned and sutured
around the implant and then the healing cap is
placed.
 Once the healing has been achieved then the
prosthodontic phase begins.

10. Prosthodontic Phase
 The healing cap is removed and an abutment is
placed on the implant.
 A precision-fitting cylinder is placed on the
abutment.
 An impression of this cylinder is used to construct
a model for fabricating the crown.
 The crown is fabricated in a dental lab and the
cylinder and crown will become one.
 The restoration is cemented into place in the
same manner as a regular crown or the crown
may be placed by a screw.
 Occlusion is a critical factor if an implant is to be
successful.

11. Other types of Implants
 Transosseous or Staple Implants: These types
of implants were used to stabilize a mandibular
denture. An extraoral incision was made under
the chin and a plate was then attached to the
underside of the mandible in the anterior region.
Bolts extended through the bone and gingiva into
the oral cavity where the implant is held in place
by nuts and bolts.
 Subperiosteal Implants: were also used to
stabilized a mandibular denture. Two surgical
procedures: a flap and an impression, then the
implant framework was placed onto the bone with
surgical screws.

12. Transosseous or Staple Implant
 Example

13. Subperiosteal Implant
 Example

14. Dental Implant Materials
 Titanium: Used in dentistry & medical field for many implant types.
(example: knee or single tooth)
 Apatite-Coated Titanium: Hydroxyapatite coated or bonded to
the titanium.
 Other materials
 Metals gold, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys. (little success)
 Ceramics Little success
 Polymers Little success

15. Osseointegration of Dental Implants
 Tissue compatibility
 Interface with bone
 Soft-Tissue Attachment to Implants
 Biological or Permucosal Seal: Barrier that is
formed to inhibit microorganisms to form in or
around tissues that support the implant.