2. Originally from America then spread to Asia and
Africa,
Brazil, Thailand, Indonesia, Nigeria and India
chronologically main producer in the world,
Propagated vegetatively by cutting stem, (9-12mth)
Broadly adopted to a variety of soil and climate,
drought tolerant, ability to grow on depleted land
and marginal soil,
A staple food for about 500 million people around the
world,
3. It is very rich in starch:, can provide
30% of their dry weight as starch
Cassava has many calories and is high
in vitamins and minerals
The plant is toxic if eaten raw due to
its cyanide content and needs to be
rendered edible through cooking.
Productivity 25 -80 tone/ha,
From world wide production, 53%
used for food (Income), 24% used for
animal feed, 22% used as a seed,
others for Industry
4.
5. Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, is produced by
fermenting and distilling biomass.
Most significantly, ethanol can be used as a bio-fuel or
fuel additive from renewable energy sources.
Ethanol is the base of most alcoholic beverages and is
used in many pharmaceutical and beauty products.
Bio-fuels from renewable sources have recently
gained significance as an alternative to finite fossil
fuels and a potential solution to ending our
dependence on declining natural resources.
6. Most often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a bio-fuel
additive for gasoline.
It is a domestically produced alternative fuel which
made from corn, cellulosic feedstock's such as crop
residues and wood,
Can be made from any crop or plant that contains
natural sugar (beet and cane), crops such as corn,
wheat and barely contains starch that can be easily
converted in to sugar,
Most trees and grasses are made of cellulose,
which an be converted in to sugar,
7. Reduced deforestation
Not cause air pollution,
Has a higher octane rating than petrol as a fuel,
Is an excellent raw material for synthetic chemicals,
Provides jobs, and economic development in rural
areas,
Reduce countries dependence on petroleum and it is a
source of revenue for producing countries,
Reduce adverse foreign trade balance
8. In the fermentation process, sugar and starch molecules
are broken down by yeast to produce ethanol and carbon
dioxide. Water evaporates in the distillation process,
therefore increasing the purity of ethanol.
Mostly ethanol is produced using a four step process:
1. Feedstock’s (crop or plant), are ground up for easier
processing,
2. Sugar is dissolved from the ground material, or the starch
or cellulose is converted in to sugar,
3. Microbes feed on the sugar, producing ethanol and carbon
dioxide as byproduct, and
4. The ethanol purified to achieve the correct concentration.
9. A great crop for ethanol production because it
produces high yields (30-80 tone/hectare) and boasts
tremendous starch content, therefore producing high
amounts of ethanol per ton. Compared to wheat, corn
or sugar cane, cassava ethanol yields amount up to
about 200 liters per ton.
about 280 liters (222 kg) of 96 percent pure ethanol
from one tone of cassava roots with 30 percent starch
content. Cassava which is only 20% starch will produce
only 180 liters of alcohol per tone, effluent
10. Grind cassava into cassava chips and mix them with
water
Convert cassava starch molecules into sugar
Ferment and distill our cassava
By hybridizing production and processing equipment
we can streamline operation,
Produce high-grade ethanol at low cost and
Reduce our emissions by taking advantage of waste
heat to process materials.
12. Cassava Ethanol Production
Africa : 121 million tones
Nigeria more than 45million tone
$6billion saved by using cassava bio-fule in 2012,
Asia: 83, 755 tones
Thailand about 23million tone
Major exporter of starch
2 million liters of ethanol to meet its 10 percent fuel substitution.
China 5million tones of ethanol in 2009,
7million tones of dried cassava utilized
Latin America: 36,609million tones
Brazil about 27million tones
Oceania: 258,000 tones
13. Ethanol blending began in 2008,
Blending policy increased from 5% to 10% in 2010,
Producing 33.9 million liters of ethanol from two sugar
factories,
Up to 2010, 24 million USD saved
In the next five to seven years (GTP period) the
production capacity will grow up to 182 million liters
and blending will also increase up to 25%.
14. Introduced in 1960s,
Grow in the altitude between 480-1800m.a.s.l.
Temperature 15-30 degree Celsius
Annual rainfall 692-1470,
Dominant in South Part of Ethiopia
Currently disseminate to other regions,
15. Mainly for food ( food security food),
Animal feed,
Making local alcohol ( Areqe and Tela)
Apart form these, Ethiopia has a great potential to
produce ethanol from cassava for the future!!!!!
