The document describes experiments to isolate and identify products of RNA and DNA hydrolysis. RNA was isolated from yeast using NaOH and ethanol. Tests identified ribose, phosphate, purine bases and pyrimidines as hydrolysis products. DNA was also isolated using NaCl, ethanol and detergent. The same identification tests yielded 2-deoxyribose instead of ribose, with otherwise identical results, due to DNA containing 2-deoxyribose instead of ribose. Benedict's test and Dische test specifically detect ribose and 2-deoxyribose, respectively. DNA can be isolated from beef by breaking cells, removing membranes, proteins, RNA, and precipitating DNA.

1. Experiment #6 NUCLEIC ACID - RNA Group 7 BALDA SANTOS TALAG VILLACORTA

2. Objectives To be able to isolate RNA from yeast To be able to get the percentage by mass of RNA from yeast To be able to identify products of hydrolysis of RNA To perform tests for identification of products of RNA hydrolysis

3. Introduction RNA (ribonucleic acid)br />Genetic material of certain viruses Made up of a single strand of nucleotides Directs the middle steps of protein production Polymer of Purine and Pyrimidine ribonucleotides linked through 3’-5’ phosphodiester bridges With Uracil and D-ribose

5. Erlenmeyer Flask

6. 0.2% NaOH

7. 10% NaOH

10. CuSO4

11. 10% NH4OH

12. 2% AgNO3

13. Benedict’s Reagent

15. Identification Tests 10% AgNO3 and 10% NH4OH -test to detect the presence of Purine Bases  Principle: Hydrolysis of N-β-glucosidic bonds between purine bases and ribose or deoxyribose results in a release of purine bases(A and G) caused by NH4OH. Ag+ precipitate caused the formation of foamy gelatinous substance. Reagents: AgNO3 and NH4OH

16. Identification Tests Benedicts Test -test to detect the presence Reducing Sugars  Principle:Cu2+ react with reducing sugars = precipitate of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) produces a change in the Benedict’s reagent from blue to green or reddish-orange, depending on amount of reducing sugar. The cyclic sugar is reduced to linear aldehyde. Green = small amn’t of reducing sugars Red-orange = abundance of reducing sugars Reagents:NaOH, CuSO4 and tartaric acid

17. Identification Tests Ammonium Molybdate Test -test for Inorganic Phosphate  Principle: hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to phosphate forming yellow ppt. Reagents: (NH4)6 Mo7O24 · 4H2O and H2SO4

18. Experiment Proper

19. Experiment Proper Biuret’s Test 10% NH4OH & 10% AgNO3 Benedict’s Test Ammonium Molybdate

20. Ideal Results

21. Comparison

23. Sugar (D-ribose)

25. Test for pentoses.

26. specimen is heated with sol’n of orcinol, HCl, and FeCl3

29. PLQ’s 3. What are differences of RNA and DNA?

30. Experiment #7 NUCLEIC ACID - DNA Group 7 BALDA SANTOS TALAG VILLACORTA

31. Objectives To be able to identify products of hydrolysis of DNA To perform tests for identification of products of DNA hydrolysis

32. Introduction DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)br />Carries the Genetic Code of Life Made up of a double strand of nucleotides in anti-parallel direction With Thymine and 2-deoxy-D-ribose Widely studied for medical diagnosis and production of therapeutic proteins

34. 2% AgNO3

35. 5g NaCl

36. Ammonium Molybdate

37. Benedict’s Reagent

38. 0.2% NaOH

39. 10% NaOH

40. 0.5%CuSO4

41. Filter paper

44. CuSO4

45. 10% NH4OH

46. 2% AgNO3

47. Benedict’s Reagent

49. Identification Tests 10% AgNO3 and 10% NH4OH -test to detect the presence of Purine Bases  Principle: Hydrolysis of N- β -glucosidic bonds between purine bases and ribose or deoxyribose results in a release of purine bases(A and G) caused by NH4OH. Ag+ precipitate caused the formation of foamy gelatinous substance. Reagents: AgNO3 and NH4OH

50. Identification Tests Benedicts Test -test to detect the presence Reducing Sugars  Principle:Cu2+ react with reducing sugars = precipitate of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) produces a change in the Benedict’s reagent from blue to green or reddish-orange, depending on amount of reducing sugar. The cyclic sugar is reduced to linear aldehyde. Green = small amn’t of reducing sugars Red-orange = abundance of reducing sugars Reagents:NaOH, CuSO4 and tartaric acid

51. Identification Tests Ammonium Molybdate Test -test for Inorganic Phosphate  Principle: hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to phosphate forming yellow ppt. Reagents: (NH4)6 Mo7O24 · 4H2O and H2SO4

52. Results

53. Experiment Proper Biuret’s Test 10% NH4OH & 10% AgNO3 Benedict’s Test Ammonium Molybdate

54. Ideal Results

55. Comparison

59. used to detect the presence of DNA. A positive test for DNA is indicated by a blue color change.

61. Test for pentoses.

62. specimen is heated with sol’n of orcinol, HCl, and FeCl3