2. *
Forward displacement of eyeball
beyond the orbital margins.
Exophthalmos is synonymous, but
used for the displacement associated
with thyroid d/s.
7. *Bilateral Proptosis
• Developmental Anomalies of Skull:
craniofacial dysostosis (oxycephaly(tower skull))
• Osteopathies:
osteitis deformans
rickets
acromegaly
• Inflammatory Conditions:
Mikulicz’s syndrome
late stage of cavernous sinus
thrombosis
8. • Endocrinal Exophthalmos:
thyrotoxic or thyrotropic.
• Tumors:
symmetrical lymphoma or lymphosarcoma
secondaries from neuroblastoma
Ewing’s sarcoma
leukemic infiltration
• Systemic Disease:
histiocytosis
systemic amyloidosis
Wegener’s granulomatosis.
9. *Acute Proptosis
Develops with extremely sudden onset.
•Common Causes
orbital emphysema
fracture of medial orbital wall
orbital hemorrhage
rupture of ethmoidal mucocele
10. *Intermittent Proptosis
Appears & disappears on its own.
•Common Causes:
periodic orbital edema
orbital varix
recurrent orbital hemorrhage
highly vascular tumors
11. *Pulsating Proptosis
•Causes:
1. Pulsating vascular lesions
(caroticocavernous fistula and saccular aneurysm
of ophthalmic artery)
2. Transmitted cerebral pulsations
associated with deficient orbital roof
(congenital meningocele or meningoencephalocele,
neurofibromatosis, traumatic or operative hiatus)