SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 48
Download to read offline
PHC215
By Dr. Khaled Ouanes Ph.D.
E-mail: k.ouanes@seu.edu.sa
Twitter: @khaled_ouanes
INTRODUCTION TO
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH
METHODS
Designing the Study and
Collecting Data
Let’s move to step 3 now:
Developing a Proposal & Protocol
ResearchPlansforPrimary,
Secondary,andTertiaryData
Collection
Resources for Research
A first step in creating a research plan
is to ask:
Are the resources available
– money, time, and collaborators –
adequate and sufficient for the
intended study design?
Many research projects require little in the way
of material resources such as:
Access to a computer with a statistical
software program
A decent collection of electronic journals
The cost of photocopying a limited number
of questionnaires
However, some primary studies may become
quite expensive.
Resources for Research
Money and materials are not the only resources
to consider:
 Access to individuals who are willing to contribute their
time, expertise, and/or connections
 Access to potential study participants or data sets
 Access to laboratory, office, or meeting space
 Access to equipment like copying machines
Resources for Research
Funding Sources
Not all research projects require financial
support.
Some projects are enhanced by:
Internal grants from a school or employer
External grants from private foundations,
corporations, government agencies, or other
sources
Budgets
If grant money is sought, the funding proposal
must align with the goals of the sponsoring
agency and its typical funding level.
The budget should cover all the essential costs
of the research project without being excessive
in its total amount or in any category.
Funding Rates
Funding rates are often extremely low, and
processing time varies. Waiting for funding can
stall projects for lengthy periods of time.
Sometimes the funds will never be received and
a change of strategy will be needed.
Timelines
Most research proposals include a fairly
detailed anticipated schedule for the planned
research project.
1. Create a list of all the steps from planning the study
through the dissemination of results
2. Create a calendar that shows when each of these
steps is expected to begin and end
3. Set deadlines along the way that will help ensure that
the project stays on track toward timely completion
Roles & Responsibilities
Research projects proceed most smoothly
when all research team members have the
same understanding about each person’s
roles and responsibilities.
The protocol should include dates for the
completion of all tasks and the incentives or
reminders to be used to encourage careful
and on-time completion.
The “P.I.”
Universities, hospitals, and other institutions typically
require one researcher to act as the primary investigator
(or principal investigator) and to accept responsibility for
guaranteeing that:
 The protocol is followed
 Any adverse outcomes are immediately reported to the
institution’s research ethics committee
 The budget is properly managed
In some situations the PI is the person doing the
greatest amount of work on the project.
However, many institutions require a senior
employee (such as a professor) to be
designated as the PI on all research project
that involves human subjects.
The “P.I.”
Research Proposals
A proposal is usually a request for funding or
for supervisory approval.
A proposal needs to have enough details
and information stated clearly to maximize
the chances of yielding funding and/or
approval.
Most research proposals contain:
 A background that explains the project’s importance
 A goals statement
 A description of the methods that will be used
 An analysis plan
 A plan for the dissemination of findings
 A timeline
 A budget
 Information about the researcher(s)
Research Proposals
Typical Proposal Content
Typical Proposal Content
Research Protocols
A protocol is a detailed handbook describing
all the actions that will be taken during the
implementation of the study.
The research proposal serves as the backbone
for developing a very detailed research
protocol.
Ideally, a good protocol should:
 Describe all the procedures that will be used for data
collection and analysis
 Provide details about the responsibilities of each
member of the research team
 List the deadlines for completion of all the steps in the
research process
 Describe the mechanism for updating any part of the
research plan, should the need arise after approval of
the initial protocol
Research Protocols
A strong protocol provides enough detail that
another researcher could easily replicate the
study.
It should also be detailed enough that the entire
methods section of any paper that will result from
the project could be written before data collection
begins.
Research Protocols
Citing:
Previous Publications
Referring to Previous Publications
Research reports must provide accurate
reference information for every publication
that is used to support the methods, findings,
and conclusions of a new study.
A typical article in the health sciences refers
to about 20 or 30 other articles published in
peer-reviewed journals. Sometimes the
number is even considerably higher.
Journal articles are the preferred source of
evidentiary support for scientific articles.
Books, book chapters, and formal reports are
also acceptable.
Fact sheets, websites, and other materials that
have not been published in a formal online or
print venue by a trusted organization should
be cited only when a more reliable and
permanent source of information is not
available.
Referring to Previous Publications
Characteristics of Formal Scientific
Reports
Citable
Sources
Writing in One’s Own Words
 Few scientific articles quote directly from another
source word for word.
 Borrowing phrases and sentences from other writers
can make the writing in a document choppy.
 Paraphrasing helps ensure that the article being cited
has been understood.
 Both quotations and paraphrases require a citation of
the original source.
Examples of
Quoting and
Paraphrasing
Common vs. Specific Knowledge
Specific knowledge = a statistic or the results
of a particular field or laboratory study 
must be cited
Common (general) knowledge = what a
typical person in the discipline would know
 does not need to be cited
Plagiarism
Plagiarism occurs when someone’s wording, thinking, or
creative output is repeated in a new document without
attribution, such as:
 Copying the exact words of another person without
using quotation marks and providing a full citation
 Paraphrasing a unique theory or observation without
providing a citation
 Using an image without permission and an
acknowledgment are all forms of plagiarism
Plagiarism is a major violation of
scholarly integrity, and it can have
a damaging long-term impact on a
professional career.
Plagiarism
Avoiding Plagiarism
Never cut and paste information from a
website, article, or any other source into a
document file that contains any draft
material for an article.
Include a reference in research notes about
any paraphrased observation that will later
require a citation.
Citation Styles
Citations typically appear in 2 formats:
As in-text citations where the sources of
information are briefly identified in the text.
In a reference list at the end of the document
that provides full bibliographic information for
each source.
 No one citation style is used in the health sciences.
 Most of the journals have their own customized styles.
 The goal should be to use a consistent citation and
reference style throughout the document.
Citation Styles
In-Text Citations
In-text citations are abbreviated bits
of information about the cited work
that allow the full reference to be
located in the reference list at the
end of the article.
In-Text Citation Styles
Reference Lists
The reference list at the end of the article
presents cited works either alphabetically by
the first author’s last name or in the order of first
appearance of the cited work in the text of the
article.
When preparing a manuscript for submission to
a journal, check the document carefully for
compliance with the journal’s house style.
For more details check my other presentation:
http://www.slideshare.net/khaled_ouanes/presentation
-academicwritingseuhsc2014-41039770
Writing Strategies
Writing Process Challenges
 Writers must overcome the barriers to getting started
on a writing project.
 Writers must find ways to prolong the period of high
productivity that often occurs at the start of a writing
project.
 Writers must find the motivation to persevere and to
complete the manuscript.
Typical Variations in Productivity during
the Writing Process
Getting Started
Scientific papers follow a standard outline.
To begin writing just start filling content into
the outline. Then start filling in the gaps.
The content of the manuscript does not need
to be added in any particular order.
Staying Motivated
 Change habits or scenery if lacking motivation.
 Build in rewards that celebrate intermediate successes
on the way to a completed paper.
 Writing 100 words a day will lead to a completed first
draft of a manuscript in less than two months.
 Setting up a weekly meeting with an advisor or a
writing group may also help with staying on track.
Conquering Writer’s Block
 Writer’s block occurs when a negative thought cycle
develops around underlying issues such as fear of
being judged and fear of failure.
 Writers with writer’s block need to initiate new
behaviors to facilitate success.
 Writer’s block can be overcome only when an aspiring
writer makes writing time a priority.
 Remember that no paper is perfect.
Final Drafts
An imperfect study can still result in a good manuscript!
A good paper:
 Fully explains the actual methods used.
 Provides all the appropriate analyses.
 Includes a helpful set of references that support the
results.
 Presents polished prose.
 Honestly identifies the limitations of the study and
explains what was done to address them.
Forms of Writer’s Block
PHC215
By Dr. Khaled Ouanes Ph.D.
E-mail: k.ouanes@seu.edu.sa
Twitter: @khaled_ouanes
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS
Based on the textbook of introduction to health research methods – K.H. Jacobsen

More Related Content

What's hot

Systematic reviews
Systematic reviewsSystematic reviews
Systematic reviewsZera Day
 
How to increase your Citations
How to increase your CitationsHow to increase your Citations
How to increase your CitationsHasanain Ghazi
 
How to structure your table for systematic review and meta analysis – Pubrica
How to structure your table for systematic review and meta analysis – PubricaHow to structure your table for systematic review and meta analysis – Pubrica
How to structure your table for systematic review and meta analysis – PubricaPubrica
 
The Process of Health Research and literature reviews
The Process of Health Research and literature reviewsThe Process of Health Research and literature reviews
The Process of Health Research and literature reviewsDr. Khaled OUANES
 
Writing A Health Research Proposal
Writing A Health Research ProposalWriting A Health Research Proposal
Writing A Health Research ProposalSoha Rashed
 
Critical appraisal
Critical appraisalCritical appraisal
Critical appraisalChai-Eng Tan
 
Presentation how to write a research protocol
Presentation how to write a research protocolPresentation how to write a research protocol
Presentation how to write a research protocolSushma Sharma
 
Writing of Research protocol
Writing of Research protocol Writing of Research protocol
Writing of Research protocol kopalsharma85
 
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review method
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review methodIntroduction to Systematic Literature Review method
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review methodNorsaremah Salleh
 
Introduction to Systematic Reviews
Introduction to Systematic ReviewsIntroduction to Systematic Reviews
Introduction to Systematic ReviewsLaura Koltutsky
 

What's hot (20)

Systematic reviews
Systematic reviewsSystematic reviews
Systematic reviews
 
How to increase your Citations
How to increase your CitationsHow to increase your Citations
How to increase your Citations
 
Systematic review
Systematic reviewSystematic review
Systematic review
 
Methods: Searching & Systematic Reviews
Methods: Searching & Systematic ReviewsMethods: Searching & Systematic Reviews
Methods: Searching & Systematic Reviews
 
How to structure your table for systematic review and meta analysis – Pubrica
How to structure your table for systematic review and meta analysis – PubricaHow to structure your table for systematic review and meta analysis – Pubrica
How to structure your table for systematic review and meta analysis – Pubrica
 
How to Write Research Proposal
How to Write Research ProposalHow to Write Research Proposal
How to Write Research Proposal
 
Harikesh maurya
Harikesh mauryaHarikesh maurya
Harikesh maurya
 
The Process of Health Research and literature reviews
The Process of Health Research and literature reviewsThe Process of Health Research and literature reviews
The Process of Health Research and literature reviews
 
Writing A Health Research Proposal
Writing A Health Research ProposalWriting A Health Research Proposal
Writing A Health Research Proposal
 
Evidence Based Medicine - Overview
Evidence Based Medicine - OverviewEvidence Based Medicine - Overview
Evidence Based Medicine - Overview
 
Research problems in qualitative research
Research problems in qualitative researchResearch problems in qualitative research
Research problems in qualitative research
 
Critical appraisal
Critical appraisalCritical appraisal
Critical appraisal
 
Presentation how to write a research protocol
Presentation how to write a research protocolPresentation how to write a research protocol
Presentation how to write a research protocol
 
Systematic Literature Review
Systematic Literature ReviewSystematic Literature Review
Systematic Literature Review
 
Systematic review
Systematic reviewSystematic review
Systematic review
 
Systematic review
Systematic reviewSystematic review
Systematic review
 
Writing of Research protocol
Writing of Research protocol Writing of Research protocol
Writing of Research protocol
 
Introduction to Research Methodology
Introduction to Research MethodologyIntroduction to Research Methodology
Introduction to Research Methodology
 
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review method
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review methodIntroduction to Systematic Literature Review method
Introduction to Systematic Literature Review method
 
Introduction to Systematic Reviews
Introduction to Systematic ReviewsIntroduction to Systematic Reviews
Introduction to Systematic Reviews
 

Viewers also liked

HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Experimental Studies and Qualitative Studies
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Experimental Studies and Qualitative StudiesHEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Experimental Studies and Qualitative Studies
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Experimental Studies and Qualitative StudiesDr. Khaled OUANES
 
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Primary Studies: Selecting a Sample Population a...
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Primary Studies: Selecting a Sample Population a...HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Primary Studies: Selecting a Sample Population a...
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Primary Studies: Selecting a Sample Population a...Dr. Khaled OUANES
 
Meta analysis techniques in epidemiology
Meta analysis techniques in epidemiologyMeta analysis techniques in epidemiology
Meta analysis techniques in epidemiologyBhoj Raj Singh
 
演講-Meta analysis in medical research-張偉豪
演講-Meta analysis in medical research-張偉豪演講-Meta analysis in medical research-張偉豪
演講-Meta analysis in medical research-張偉豪Beckett Hsieh
 
Critical appraisal of meta-analysis
Critical appraisal of meta-analysisCritical appraisal of meta-analysis
Critical appraisal of meta-analysisSamir Haffar
 
Seminaar on meta analysis
Seminaar on meta analysisSeminaar on meta analysis
Seminaar on meta analysisPreeti Rai
 
Research Methods: Basic Concepts and Methods
Research Methods: Basic Concepts and MethodsResearch Methods: Basic Concepts and Methods
Research Methods: Basic Concepts and MethodsAhmed-Refat Refat
 
Definition and types of research
Definition and types of researchDefinition and types of research
Definition and types of researchfadifm
 

Viewers also liked (12)

HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Experimental Studies and Qualitative Studies
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Experimental Studies and Qualitative StudiesHEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Experimental Studies and Qualitative Studies
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Experimental Studies and Qualitative Studies
 
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Primary Studies: Selecting a Sample Population a...
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Primary Studies: Selecting a Sample Population a...HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Primary Studies: Selecting a Sample Population a...
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Primary Studies: Selecting a Sample Population a...
 
Metaanalysis copy
Metaanalysis    copyMetaanalysis    copy
Metaanalysis copy
 
What is research
What is researchWhat is research
What is research
 
Meta analysis techniques in epidemiology
Meta analysis techniques in epidemiologyMeta analysis techniques in epidemiology
Meta analysis techniques in epidemiology
 
演講-Meta analysis in medical research-張偉豪
演講-Meta analysis in medical research-張偉豪演講-Meta analysis in medical research-張偉豪
演講-Meta analysis in medical research-張偉豪
 
Meta analysis
Meta analysisMeta analysis
Meta analysis
 
Critical appraisal of meta-analysis
Critical appraisal of meta-analysisCritical appraisal of meta-analysis
Critical appraisal of meta-analysis
 
Seminaar on meta analysis
Seminaar on meta analysisSeminaar on meta analysis
Seminaar on meta analysis
 
Research Methods: Basic Concepts and Methods
Research Methods: Basic Concepts and MethodsResearch Methods: Basic Concepts and Methods
Research Methods: Basic Concepts and Methods
 
Definition and types of research
Definition and types of researchDefinition and types of research
Definition and types of research
 
Types of Research
Types of ResearchTypes of Research
Types of Research
 

Similar to HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Designing the Study and Collecting Data

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
RESEARCH PROPOSALRESEARCH PROPOSAL
RESEARCH PROPOSALjimcyjose
 
How to write a research proposal UP.ppt
How to write a research proposal UP.pptHow to write a research proposal UP.ppt
How to write a research proposal UP.pptally Truong
 
Research proposal writing study and analysis
Research proposal writing study and analysisResearch proposal writing study and analysis
Research proposal writing study and analysisZahira Bano
 
BRM_Formulating Research Problem.ppt
BRM_Formulating Research Problem.pptBRM_Formulating Research Problem.ppt
BRM_Formulating Research Problem.pptAbdifatahAhmedHurre
 
Research report
Research reportResearch report
Research reportANCYBS
 
Research writting rules
Research writting rulesResearch writting rules
Research writting rulesSyed Ayaz
 
development of a research proposal
development of a research proposaldevelopment of a research proposal
development of a research proposalleena l
 
1588493350-7-how-to-write-proposal-for-a-research-paper.pptx
1588493350-7-how-to-write-proposal-for-a-research-paper.pptx1588493350-7-how-to-write-proposal-for-a-research-paper.pptx
1588493350-7-how-to-write-proposal-for-a-research-paper.pptxssuser4f4440
 
20 Tips To Improve Your Research Skills | Future Education Magazine
20 Tips To Improve Your Research Skills | Future Education Magazine20 Tips To Improve Your Research Skills | Future Education Magazine
20 Tips To Improve Your Research Skills | Future Education MagazineFuture Education Magazine
 
Writing a research proposal
Writing a research proposalWriting a research proposal
Writing a research proposalOmer Mahfoodh
 
Guidelines for Writing Project
Guidelines for Writing ProjectGuidelines for Writing Project
Guidelines for Writing ProjectXhtisaam Javed
 
Research, Writing, and Publishing in High Impact Journals
Research, Writing, and Publishing in High Impact JournalsResearch, Writing, and Publishing in High Impact Journals
Research, Writing, and Publishing in High Impact JournalsDr. Abdul Mujeebu M
 
How to-write-good-paper-sgd
How to-write-good-paper-sgdHow to-write-good-paper-sgd
How to-write-good-paper-sgdSanjeev Deshmukh
 
Walden University Dissertation Prospectus .docx
Walden University    Dissertation Prospectus .docxWalden University    Dissertation Prospectus .docx
Walden University Dissertation Prospectus .docxjessiehampson
 

Similar to HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Designing the Study and Collecting Data (20)

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
RESEARCH PROPOSALRESEARCH PROPOSAL
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
 
Research proposal
Research proposalResearch proposal
Research proposal
 
How to write a research proposal UP.ppt
How to write a research proposal UP.pptHow to write a research proposal UP.ppt
How to write a research proposal UP.ppt
 
83341 ch15 jacobsen
83341 ch15 jacobsen83341 ch15 jacobsen
83341 ch15 jacobsen
 
Research proposal writing study and analysis
Research proposal writing study and analysisResearch proposal writing study and analysis
Research proposal writing study and analysis
 
BRM_Formulating Research Problem.ppt
BRM_Formulating Research Problem.pptBRM_Formulating Research Problem.ppt
BRM_Formulating Research Problem.ppt
 
Research report
Research reportResearch report
Research report
 
Research writting rules
Research writting rulesResearch writting rules
Research writting rules
 
development of a research proposal
development of a research proposaldevelopment of a research proposal
development of a research proposal
 
1588493350-7-how-to-write-proposal-for-a-research-paper.pptx
1588493350-7-how-to-write-proposal-for-a-research-paper.pptx1588493350-7-how-to-write-proposal-for-a-research-paper.pptx
1588493350-7-how-to-write-proposal-for-a-research-paper.pptx
 
What is a proposal
What is a proposalWhat is a proposal
What is a proposal
 
Ph d. research funding agencies6sept2020
Ph d. research funding agencies6sept2020Ph d. research funding agencies6sept2020
Ph d. research funding agencies6sept2020
 
20 Tips To Improve Your Research Skills | Future Education Magazine
20 Tips To Improve Your Research Skills | Future Education Magazine20 Tips To Improve Your Research Skills | Future Education Magazine
20 Tips To Improve Your Research Skills | Future Education Magazine
 
Writing a research proposal
Writing a research proposalWriting a research proposal
Writing a research proposal
 
Guidelines for Writing Project
Guidelines for Writing ProjectGuidelines for Writing Project
Guidelines for Writing Project
 
Scholarly Products: Presentation Visibility and Collaboration
Scholarly Products: Presentation Visibility and CollaborationScholarly Products: Presentation Visibility and Collaboration
Scholarly Products: Presentation Visibility and Collaboration
 
Research, Writing, and Publishing in High Impact Journals
Research, Writing, and Publishing in High Impact JournalsResearch, Writing, and Publishing in High Impact Journals
Research, Writing, and Publishing in High Impact Journals
 
How to select your publications & who is who in research?: Impact & H factors
How to select your publications & who is who in research?: Impact & H factorsHow to select your publications & who is who in research?: Impact & H factors
How to select your publications & who is who in research?: Impact & H factors
 
How to-write-good-paper-sgd
How to-write-good-paper-sgdHow to-write-good-paper-sgd
How to-write-good-paper-sgd
 
Walden University Dissertation Prospectus .docx
Walden University    Dissertation Prospectus .docxWalden University    Dissertation Prospectus .docx
Walden University Dissertation Prospectus .docx
 

More from Dr. Khaled OUANES

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)Dr. Khaled OUANES
 
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Case-Control Studies and Cohort Studies
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Case-Control Studies and Cohort StudiesHEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Case-Control Studies and Cohort Studies
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Case-Control Studies and Cohort StudiesDr. Khaled OUANES
 
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Correlational Studies, Case Seri...
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Correlational Studies, Case Seri...INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Correlational Studies, Case Seri...
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Correlational Studies, Case Seri...Dr. Khaled OUANES
 
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODSINTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODSDr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM114 Organizational Communication
HCM114 Organizational CommunicationHCM114 Organizational Communication
HCM114 Organizational CommunicationDr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM 114 - Decision Making and Creativity
HCM 114 - Decision Making and CreativityHCM 114 - Decision Making and Creativity
HCM 114 - Decision Making and CreativityDr. Khaled OUANES
 
Human Resources Management in Healthcare
Human Resources Management in HealthcareHuman Resources Management in Healthcare
Human Resources Management in HealthcareDr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM114 Change, motivation and innovation in Healthcare
HCM114 Change, motivation and innovation in HealthcareHCM114 Change, motivation and innovation in Healthcare
HCM114 Change, motivation and innovation in HealthcareDr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM114 - The future and the theories of Healthcare Management
HCM114 - The future and the theories of Healthcare ManagementHCM114 - The future and the theories of Healthcare Management
HCM114 - The future and the theories of Healthcare ManagementDr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM 114 - The Science of OB: MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION SUCCESS
HCM 114 - The Science of OB: MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION SUCCESSHCM 114 - The Science of OB: MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION SUCCESS
HCM 114 - The Science of OB: MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION SUCCESSDr. Khaled OUANES
 
Health Informatics Standards - Preface- Eye Opener - The usability of these s...
Health Informatics Standards - Preface- Eye Opener - The usability of these s...Health Informatics Standards - Preface- Eye Opener - The usability of these s...
Health Informatics Standards - Preface- Eye Opener - The usability of these s...Dr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM 114 - SOME OTHER CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM 114 - SOME OTHER CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORHCM 114 - SOME OTHER CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM 114 - SOME OTHER CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORDr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM 114 - THE SCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM 114 - THE SCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR HCM 114 - THE SCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM 114 - THE SCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR Dr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM114 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM114 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORHCM114 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM114 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORDr. Khaled OUANES
 
HCM114 Preface to oraginzational behavior
HCM114 Preface to oraginzational behaviorHCM114 Preface to oraginzational behavior
HCM114 Preface to oraginzational behaviorDr. Khaled OUANES
 
Consumer Health Informatics & Telehealth
Consumer Health Informatics & TelehealthConsumer Health Informatics & Telehealth
Consumer Health Informatics & TelehealthDr. Khaled OUANES
 
Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations
Management of Information in Healthcare OrganizationsManagement of Information in Healthcare Organizations
Management of Information in Healthcare OrganizationsDr. Khaled OUANES
 
Physiology and Anatomy Essentials: CELLS & TISSUES.
Physiology and Anatomy Essentials: CELLS & TISSUES. Physiology and Anatomy Essentials: CELLS & TISSUES.
Physiology and Anatomy Essentials: CELLS & TISSUES. Dr. Khaled OUANES
 
Standards in Biomedical Informatics
Standards in Biomedical InformaticsStandards in Biomedical Informatics
Standards in Biomedical InformaticsDr. Khaled OUANES
 

More from Dr. Khaled OUANES (20)

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)
Clinical decision support systems (CDSS)
 
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Case-Control Studies and Cohort Studies
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Case-Control Studies and Cohort StudiesHEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Case-Control Studies and Cohort Studies
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Case-Control Studies and Cohort Studies
 
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Correlational Studies, Case Seri...
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Correlational Studies, Case Seri...INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Correlational Studies, Case Seri...
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Correlational Studies, Case Seri...
 
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODSINTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS
INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS
 
Academic Writing
Academic WritingAcademic Writing
Academic Writing
 
HCM114 Organizational Communication
HCM114 Organizational CommunicationHCM114 Organizational Communication
HCM114 Organizational Communication
 
HCM 114 - Decision Making and Creativity
HCM 114 - Decision Making and CreativityHCM 114 - Decision Making and Creativity
HCM 114 - Decision Making and Creativity
 
Human Resources Management in Healthcare
Human Resources Management in HealthcareHuman Resources Management in Healthcare
Human Resources Management in Healthcare
 
HCM114 Change, motivation and innovation in Healthcare
HCM114 Change, motivation and innovation in HealthcareHCM114 Change, motivation and innovation in Healthcare
HCM114 Change, motivation and innovation in Healthcare
 
HCM114 - The future and the theories of Healthcare Management
HCM114 - The future and the theories of Healthcare ManagementHCM114 - The future and the theories of Healthcare Management
HCM114 - The future and the theories of Healthcare Management
 
HCM 114 - The Science of OB: MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION SUCCESS
HCM 114 - The Science of OB: MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION SUCCESSHCM 114 - The Science of OB: MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION SUCCESS
HCM 114 - The Science of OB: MANAGEMENT, LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION SUCCESS
 
Health Informatics Standards - Preface- Eye Opener - The usability of these s...
Health Informatics Standards - Preface- Eye Opener - The usability of these s...Health Informatics Standards - Preface- Eye Opener - The usability of these s...
Health Informatics Standards - Preface- Eye Opener - The usability of these s...
 
HCM 114 - SOME OTHER CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM 114 - SOME OTHER CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORHCM 114 - SOME OTHER CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM 114 - SOME OTHER CONCEPTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
 
HCM 114 - THE SCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM 114 - THE SCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR HCM 114 - THE SCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM 114 - THE SCIENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
 
HCM114 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM114 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIORHCM114 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
HCM114 - INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
 
HCM114 Preface to oraginzational behavior
HCM114 Preface to oraginzational behaviorHCM114 Preface to oraginzational behavior
HCM114 Preface to oraginzational behavior
 
Consumer Health Informatics & Telehealth
Consumer Health Informatics & TelehealthConsumer Health Informatics & Telehealth
Consumer Health Informatics & Telehealth
 
Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations
Management of Information in Healthcare OrganizationsManagement of Information in Healthcare Organizations
Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations
 
Physiology and Anatomy Essentials: CELLS & TISSUES.
Physiology and Anatomy Essentials: CELLS & TISSUES. Physiology and Anatomy Essentials: CELLS & TISSUES.
Physiology and Anatomy Essentials: CELLS & TISSUES.
 
Standards in Biomedical Informatics
Standards in Biomedical InformaticsStandards in Biomedical Informatics
Standards in Biomedical Informatics
 

Recently uploaded

How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Dr. Asif Anas
 
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSyedNadeemGillANi
 
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxOptical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxPurva Nikam
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptxmary850239
 
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustVani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustSavipriya Raghavendra
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICESayali Powar
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeCeline George
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxSlides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxCapitolTechU
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 

Recently uploaded (20)

How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
Unveiling the Intricacies of Leishmania donovani: Structure, Life Cycle, Path...
 
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
 
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptxOptical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
Optical Fibre and It's Applications.pptx
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
 
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustVani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
 
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICEQuality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
Quality Assurance_GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxSlides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 

HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS: Designing the Study and Collecting Data

  • 1. PHC215 By Dr. Khaled Ouanes Ph.D. E-mail: k.ouanes@seu.edu.sa Twitter: @khaled_ouanes INTRODUCTION TO HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS
  • 2. Designing the Study and Collecting Data
  • 3. Let’s move to step 3 now:
  • 6. Resources for Research A first step in creating a research plan is to ask: Are the resources available – money, time, and collaborators – adequate and sufficient for the intended study design?
  • 7. Many research projects require little in the way of material resources such as: Access to a computer with a statistical software program A decent collection of electronic journals The cost of photocopying a limited number of questionnaires However, some primary studies may become quite expensive. Resources for Research
  • 8. Money and materials are not the only resources to consider:  Access to individuals who are willing to contribute their time, expertise, and/or connections  Access to potential study participants or data sets  Access to laboratory, office, or meeting space  Access to equipment like copying machines Resources for Research
  • 9. Funding Sources Not all research projects require financial support. Some projects are enhanced by: Internal grants from a school or employer External grants from private foundations, corporations, government agencies, or other sources
  • 10. Budgets If grant money is sought, the funding proposal must align with the goals of the sponsoring agency and its typical funding level. The budget should cover all the essential costs of the research project without being excessive in its total amount or in any category.
  • 11. Funding Rates Funding rates are often extremely low, and processing time varies. Waiting for funding can stall projects for lengthy periods of time. Sometimes the funds will never be received and a change of strategy will be needed.
  • 12. Timelines Most research proposals include a fairly detailed anticipated schedule for the planned research project. 1. Create a list of all the steps from planning the study through the dissemination of results 2. Create a calendar that shows when each of these steps is expected to begin and end 3. Set deadlines along the way that will help ensure that the project stays on track toward timely completion
  • 13. Roles & Responsibilities Research projects proceed most smoothly when all research team members have the same understanding about each person’s roles and responsibilities. The protocol should include dates for the completion of all tasks and the incentives or reminders to be used to encourage careful and on-time completion.
  • 14. The “P.I.” Universities, hospitals, and other institutions typically require one researcher to act as the primary investigator (or principal investigator) and to accept responsibility for guaranteeing that:  The protocol is followed  Any adverse outcomes are immediately reported to the institution’s research ethics committee  The budget is properly managed
  • 15. In some situations the PI is the person doing the greatest amount of work on the project. However, many institutions require a senior employee (such as a professor) to be designated as the PI on all research project that involves human subjects. The “P.I.”
  • 16. Research Proposals A proposal is usually a request for funding or for supervisory approval. A proposal needs to have enough details and information stated clearly to maximize the chances of yielding funding and/or approval.
  • 17. Most research proposals contain:  A background that explains the project’s importance  A goals statement  A description of the methods that will be used  An analysis plan  A plan for the dissemination of findings  A timeline  A budget  Information about the researcher(s) Research Proposals
  • 20. Research Protocols A protocol is a detailed handbook describing all the actions that will be taken during the implementation of the study. The research proposal serves as the backbone for developing a very detailed research protocol.
  • 21. Ideally, a good protocol should:  Describe all the procedures that will be used for data collection and analysis  Provide details about the responsibilities of each member of the research team  List the deadlines for completion of all the steps in the research process  Describe the mechanism for updating any part of the research plan, should the need arise after approval of the initial protocol Research Protocols
  • 22. A strong protocol provides enough detail that another researcher could easily replicate the study. It should also be detailed enough that the entire methods section of any paper that will result from the project could be written before data collection begins. Research Protocols
  • 24. Referring to Previous Publications Research reports must provide accurate reference information for every publication that is used to support the methods, findings, and conclusions of a new study. A typical article in the health sciences refers to about 20 or 30 other articles published in peer-reviewed journals. Sometimes the number is even considerably higher.
  • 25. Journal articles are the preferred source of evidentiary support for scientific articles. Books, book chapters, and formal reports are also acceptable. Fact sheets, websites, and other materials that have not been published in a formal online or print venue by a trusted organization should be cited only when a more reliable and permanent source of information is not available. Referring to Previous Publications
  • 26. Characteristics of Formal Scientific Reports
  • 28. Writing in One’s Own Words  Few scientific articles quote directly from another source word for word.  Borrowing phrases and sentences from other writers can make the writing in a document choppy.  Paraphrasing helps ensure that the article being cited has been understood.  Both quotations and paraphrases require a citation of the original source.
  • 30. Common vs. Specific Knowledge Specific knowledge = a statistic or the results of a particular field or laboratory study  must be cited Common (general) knowledge = what a typical person in the discipline would know  does not need to be cited
  • 31. Plagiarism Plagiarism occurs when someone’s wording, thinking, or creative output is repeated in a new document without attribution, such as:  Copying the exact words of another person without using quotation marks and providing a full citation  Paraphrasing a unique theory or observation without providing a citation  Using an image without permission and an acknowledgment are all forms of plagiarism
  • 32. Plagiarism is a major violation of scholarly integrity, and it can have a damaging long-term impact on a professional career. Plagiarism
  • 33. Avoiding Plagiarism Never cut and paste information from a website, article, or any other source into a document file that contains any draft material for an article. Include a reference in research notes about any paraphrased observation that will later require a citation.
  • 34. Citation Styles Citations typically appear in 2 formats: As in-text citations where the sources of information are briefly identified in the text. In a reference list at the end of the document that provides full bibliographic information for each source.
  • 35.  No one citation style is used in the health sciences.  Most of the journals have their own customized styles.  The goal should be to use a consistent citation and reference style throughout the document. Citation Styles
  • 36. In-Text Citations In-text citations are abbreviated bits of information about the cited work that allow the full reference to be located in the reference list at the end of the article.
  • 38. Reference Lists The reference list at the end of the article presents cited works either alphabetically by the first author’s last name or in the order of first appearance of the cited work in the text of the article. When preparing a manuscript for submission to a journal, check the document carefully for compliance with the journal’s house style.
  • 39. For more details check my other presentation: http://www.slideshare.net/khaled_ouanes/presentation -academicwritingseuhsc2014-41039770
  • 41. Writing Process Challenges  Writers must overcome the barriers to getting started on a writing project.  Writers must find ways to prolong the period of high productivity that often occurs at the start of a writing project.  Writers must find the motivation to persevere and to complete the manuscript.
  • 42. Typical Variations in Productivity during the Writing Process
  • 43. Getting Started Scientific papers follow a standard outline. To begin writing just start filling content into the outline. Then start filling in the gaps. The content of the manuscript does not need to be added in any particular order.
  • 44. Staying Motivated  Change habits or scenery if lacking motivation.  Build in rewards that celebrate intermediate successes on the way to a completed paper.  Writing 100 words a day will lead to a completed first draft of a manuscript in less than two months.  Setting up a weekly meeting with an advisor or a writing group may also help with staying on track.
  • 45. Conquering Writer’s Block  Writer’s block occurs when a negative thought cycle develops around underlying issues such as fear of being judged and fear of failure.  Writers with writer’s block need to initiate new behaviors to facilitate success.  Writer’s block can be overcome only when an aspiring writer makes writing time a priority.  Remember that no paper is perfect.
  • 46. Final Drafts An imperfect study can still result in a good manuscript! A good paper:  Fully explains the actual methods used.  Provides all the appropriate analyses.  Includes a helpful set of references that support the results.  Presents polished prose.  Honestly identifies the limitations of the study and explains what was done to address them.
  • 48. PHC215 By Dr. Khaled Ouanes Ph.D. E-mail: k.ouanes@seu.edu.sa Twitter: @khaled_ouanes HEALTHCARE RESEARCH METHODS Based on the textbook of introduction to health research methods – K.H. Jacobsen