Tata Coffee Limited Ratio Analysis Nirav Khandhedia

1. Assignment on
Financial Ratio
Valuations, Acquisitions and Mergers – SCIT, Executive MBA – 2012-15
Nirav Khandhedia
Executive MBA – 2012-15, No. 2012020342017
November 16, 2013

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Pick up a company of your choice and analyze its annual financial reports to
measure its performance based on the following financial ratios.
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Check how company is performing and provide suggestions wherever needed.
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Ratios to be evaluated are as below.
Current Ratio
Gross Profit Margin
Net Profit Margin
Debt to Equity Ratio
Return on Investment Ratio
Inventory Turnover Ratio
Debtor’s Turnover Ratio
Interest Coverage Ratio
2
Quick Ratio
Net Working Capital Ratio
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Question

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Company considered for performance evaluation based on ratios analysis is Tata
Coffee Limited.
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The Annual Financial Report, 2011-12 is attached here.
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Following artifacts for each ratio are listed in next slides.
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Value for the company’s performance for said financial year
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Significance of Ratio, Standard safe limits of Ratio
Inferences from the Ratio value and Suggestions, if needed
Overall performance of the company and suggestions are briefed as Conclusion.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Solution

4. Tata Coffee Limited
Annual Performance Evaluation based on Financial Ratio 2011-12
Nirav Khandhedia
Executive MBA – 2012-15, No. 2012020342017
November 16, 2013

5. Liquidity Ratios
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Current Ratio
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Quick Ratio
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Net Working Capital Ratio
Profitability Ratios
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Gross Profit Margin
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Net Profit Margin
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Return on Investment Ratio
Turnover Ratios
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Inventory Turnover Ratio
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Debtor’s Turnover Ratio
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Total Assets Turnover Ratio
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A/c Payables’ Turnover Ratio
Solvency Ratios
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Interest Coverage Ratio
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Debt to Equity Ratio
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Debt to Total Assets Ratio
Conclusion
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Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Contents

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Aka working capital ratio
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Current Ratio= Current Assets / Current Liabilities
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6
“Current Ratio is a measure of general liquidity and is most widely used to
make the analysis for short term financial position or liquidity of a firm.”
A ratio equal to or near 2 : 1 is considered as a standard or normal or
satisfactory. The idea of having double the current assets as compared to
current liabilities is to provide for the delays and losses in the realization of
current assets.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Current Ratio

7. Current Ratio
Current Ratio
= Total Current Assets / Total Current Liabilities
= 23780.34/15071.7
= 1.58
7
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Inventory turnover ratio (being calculated in next slides) of 3.4 is a good indication for
the company that it is able to convert its inventory into sales quite faster.
Hence, degree of liquidity for current assets is really high, and makes the company a
trusted choice for investors.
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8
Ratio is not significantly satisfactory. It shows company has more amount of short
term liabilities and it’s maturity to meet short term obligations is less. Hence, an alert
flag for creditors.
Suggestion: Try to improve upon (minimize) the current liabilities and also look for
improving (maximize) the current assets.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Current Ratio

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It measures the firm's capacity to pay off current obligations immediately and is
more rigorous test of liquidity than the current ratio.
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It considers liquid assets i.e. current assets but not inventories and prepaid
expenses.
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Reason for exclusion: Inventories cannot be termed as liquid assets because it
cannot be converted into cash immediately without a loss of value and same
way, prepaid expenses are also excluded from the list of liquid assets because
they are not expected to be converted into cash.
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9
Quick meaning which can be easily liquidized. Hence, Quick Ratio is aka
Liquidity Ratio or Acid Test Ratio.
Quick Ratio = (Total Current Assets - Inventory)/Total Current Liabilities
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Quick Ratio

10. Quick Ratio
Quick Ratio
= (Total Current Assets - Inventory) / Total Current Liabilities
= (23780.34-12,395.28)/15071.7
= 0.75539322
10
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Here, almost 52% of current assets is as inventory. As mentioned earlier, Inventory
turnover ratio (being calculated in next slides) of 3.4 is a good indication for the
company that it is able to convert its inventory into sales quite faster. Hence, degree of
liquidity for current assets is really high, and hence again gives a reason for investors
to trust in the company.
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Ratio is not significantly satisfactory as expected, because current ratio itself was not
quite high.
Suggestion: Try to improve upon (minimize) the current liabilities and also look for
improving (maximize) the current assets.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Quick Ratio

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It is an indication of short term financial health of a business
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A positive number as NWC ratio indicates that the company has enough liquid assets
to pay off short term obligations.
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12
Net Working Capital (NWC) Ratio is one of the classic measures of a company's
liquidity.
NWC Ratio = (Current Assets – Current Liabilities) / Net Assets
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Net Working Capital Ratio

13. Net Working Capital Ratio
NWC Ratio
= (Current Assets – Current Liabilities) / Net Assets
= (23,780.34-15,071.70)/(65,666.25-4,868.83-15,071.70)
= 0.19 = 19%
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Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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19% of NWC Ratio is really a good number for the company.
It indicates company has enough amount of Liquid cash which can pay off the short
term obligations.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Net Working Capital Ratio

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Gross profit margin serves as the source for paying additional expenses and future
savings.
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This metric can be used to compare a company with its competitors
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Gross Profit Margin is “A financial metric used to assess a firm's financial health by
revealing the proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the
cost of goods sold.”
Gross Profit Margin = (Sales – Cost of Goods Sold ) / Sales * 100
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Gross Profit Margin

16. Gross Profit Margin
Gross Profit Margin
= (Sales – Cost of Goods Sold ) / Sales * 100
= (50851.78 - 42080.03) / 50851.78 * 100
= 17.25 %
*Cost of Goods Sold, aka COGS includes all the direct and indirect expenses occurred to make the product.
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Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Gross Profit Margin of company is also higher than that of Hindustan Unilever Limited
by almost 3.5%, shows a good position of company in market.
>
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Gross Profit Margin of 17.25 is better than the same margin in earlier year by almost
3%, hence a positive indicator.
Suggestion: Currently, 29% of COGS contributes to “Other Expenses”. company can dig
in details of this expense and may try to reduce on it wherever possible, which will
make its position even better.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Gross Profit Margin

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This metric can be used to compare a company with its competitors
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It differs from Gross Profit Margin a bit because, while calculating this matric, we
consider Net Profit, i.e. Profit after Tax (PAT).
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18
The net profit margin provides an indication of how well a company is controlling its
costs. A high net profit margin demonstrates effectiveness at converting sales into
actual profit.
Profit after Tax / Sales*100
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Net Profit Margin

19. Net Profit Margin
Net Profit Margin
= Profit after Tax / Sales*100
= 7885.28 / 50851.78 * 100
= 15.51 %
19
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Net Profit Margin of 17.25 is better than the same margin in earlier year by almost
2.7%, hence a positive indicator.
Net Profit Margin of company is also higher than that of Hindustan Unilever Limited by
almost 3%, shows a good position of company in market.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Net Profit Margin

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RoI = EBIT / Assets (either total or net)
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Return on Investment Ratio is used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment
EBIT = Earning Before Interest and Tax
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Return on Investment Ratio

22. Return on Investment Ratio
Return on Investment Ratio
= EBIT / Assets (total)
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= EBIT / Assets (Net)
= (10415.74-732.02)/65666.25
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= (10415.74-732.02)/(65666.25-4868.83-15071.70)
= 0.1474
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= 0.2117
= 14.74%
= 21.17%
EBIT is not directly available in Balance Sheet. However, EBIT by meaning is Profit without consideration of Interest and
Tax. Balance sheet provides PBT i.e. Profit Before Tax, which has considered expenses incurred on Interest Payment. PBT
= Profit (Earning) Before Interest and Tax - Expenses on Interest Payment
Hence, adding back such expenses to PBT will give us EBIT. Therefore, EBIT = PBT + Interest Payment Expenses. *Interest
charges are part of Cash Flow statement.
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Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Both RoI – Total Assets and RoI – Net Assets holds considerable percentage value.
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Return on Investment Ratio are the positive Indicators for Tata Coffee.
It indicates that for each unit invested, company earns almost around 15% or more
returns.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Return on Investment Ratio

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It is expressed in number of times. Inventory turn over ratio indicates the number of
time the stock has been turned over during the period and evaluates the efficiency
with which a firm is able to manage its inventory. This ratio indicates whether
investment in stock is within proper limit or not.
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Aka Stock turn over ratio
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Usually a high inventory turnover/stock velocity indicates efficient management of
inventory because more frequently the stocks are sold, the lesser amount of money is
required to finance the inventory.
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Inventory Turnover Ratio is a relationship between the cost of goods sold during a
particular period of time and the cost of average inventory during a particular period.
Inventory Turnover Ratio = COGS/Inventory
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Inventory Turnover Ratio

25. Inventory Turnover Ratio
Inventory Turnover Ratio
= COGS/Inventory
= 42080.03/12,395.28
= 3.3948 ~ 4 Times
25
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Inventory Turnover Ratio as “4 Times” signifies, company is well efficient to manage its
inventory i.e. company is able to convert its inventory to sale very efficiently.
It signifies that, as inventory is easily converted to sale, there would be less amount of
extra money required for further generation of inventories.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Inventory Turnover Ratio

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The higher the value of debtors turnover the more efficient is the management of
debtors or more liquid the debtors are.
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Debtors turnover ratio or accounts receivable turnover ratio indicates the velocity of
debt collection of a firm.
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Aka Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio.
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Debtor’s Turnover Ratio indicates the number of times the debtors are turned over a
year.
Debtor’s Turnover Ratio = Sales / Debtors
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Debtor's Turnover Ratio

28. Debtor's Turnover Ratio
Debtor's Turnover Ratio
= Sales / Debtors
= 50851.78/ 4434.72
= 11.47 ~ 11.5 Times
28
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Debtor’s Turnover Ratio being approximately 11.5 times is quite a big and appreciable
figure for the company.
It clearly indicates the debts of company are being liquidized very easily and hence
company is efficiently managing its debtors.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Debtor's Turnover Ratio

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An increasing ratio indicates that company is using its assets more productively..
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Total Assets Turnover Ratio indicates how efficiently your business generates revenues
on each dollar of assets.
Debtor’s Turnover Ratio = Revenue / Total Assets
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Total Assets Turnover Ratio

31. Total Assets Turnover Ratio
Total Assets Turnover Ratio
= Revenue / Total Assets
= 51657.20 / 65666.25
= 0.7866 ~ 78.66 Times
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Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Similar ratio calculated for last year is 42713.61/62168.19 = 68.70 ~ 69%.
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Total Assets turnover Ratio being approximately 79 times shows company is able to
use its all assets very effectively and efficiently.
The improvement of 10% in the ratio shows how company has made its assets more
productive in last one year.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Total Assets Turnover Ratio

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The higher the value of A/c Payables’ turnover the shorter the period between the
purchase and payments.
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A High turn over may indicate unfavorable supplier repayment terms.
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A Low turn over may indicate sign of cash flow problems.
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A/c Payables’ Turnover Ratio indicates the number of times the trade payables are
turned over a year.
A/c Payables’ Turnover Ratio = Sales / Average A/c Payables
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
A/c Payables’ Turnover Ratio

34. A/c Payables’ Turnover Ratio
A/c Payables’ Turnover Ratio
= Sales / Average A/c Payables
= 50851.78/ 1237.80
= 41.08 ~ 41 Times
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Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Debtor’s Turnover Ratio being approximately 41 times is quite a big and appreciable
figure for the company and its suppliers’ relationship of credit terms.
It clearly indicates the company’s inventory is well funded by creditors.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
A/c Payables’ Turnover Ratio

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This matric is very important from the lender's point of view. It indicates the number
of times interest is covered by the profits available to pay interest charges.
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A high debt service ratio or interest coverage ratio assures the lenders a regular and
periodical interest income.
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Aka Debt Service Ratio or Debt Service Coverage Ratio.
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Interest Coverage Ratio = EBIT / Interest OR EBITDA / Interest
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EBIT = Earnings Before Interest and Taxes
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Interest Coverage Ratio relates the fixed interest charges to the income earned by the
business. It indicates whether the business has earned sufficient profits to pay
periodically the interest charges.
EBITDA = Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Interest Coverage Ratio

37. Interest Coverage Ratio
Interest Coverage Ratio
= EBIT / Interest
EBITDA / Interest
= (10415.74-732.02)/732.02
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(10415.74-732.02-1324.11) / 732.02
= 13.22
37
|
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11.419
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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It indicates company is earning profit which is at least more than 10 times the interest
amount to be paid.
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Even though, this ratio not being excellently high, it surely gives a sense of security to
the landers for their interest amount.
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Interest Coverage Ratio for the company is not excellently well, but not bad too.
Suggestion: Company can make out a strategy to increase its Profit which will, in
turn, pull this ratio to still higher value.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Interest Coverage Ratio

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Aka external internal equity ratio or Gearing.
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It is determined to ascertain soundness of the long term financial policies of the
company.
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A ratio of 1:1 is usually considered to be satisfactory ratio although there cannot be
rule of thumb or standard norm for all types of businesses. Theoretically if the owners
interests are greater than that of creditors, the financial position is highly solvent.
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Debt-to-Equity ratio indicates the relationship between the external equities or
outsiders funds and the internal equities or shareholders funds.
Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Debt/Total Owner's Equity
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Debt to Equity Ratio

40. Debt to Equity Ratio
Debt to Equity Ratio
= Total Debt/Total Owner's Equity
= (4,868.83+15,071.70)/45,725.72
= 0.436 : 1
40
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Debt to Equity Ratio is quite nice. It’s surely a positive indicator for the company.
However, company can still borrow more money and use it for the business so long as
it is in safe range i.e. till this ratio is less than or equal to 1. This step may help
company to grow even more on GPM and NPM ratios.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Debt to Equity Ratio

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A higher value of this ratio indicates company is taking more risky funds and if at all
Risk event actually occurs, company has to forgo its good amount of assets to pay the
debt.
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Debt-to-Total Assets ratio indicates what proportion of total assets is provided by the
creditors.
Debt to Total Assets Ratio = Total Debt / Total Assets
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Debt to Total Assets Ratio

43. Debt to Total Assets Ratio
Debt to Total Assets Ratio
= Total Debt/Total Assets
= (4,868.83+15,071.70)/65,666.25
= 0.3036 ~ 30.36 times
43
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`

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Debt to Total Assets Ratio of 30.36 times indicates company is levered.
Company is having good amount of liquidity and hence this ratio doesn’t pose much of
risk.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Debt to Total Assets Ratio

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Gross Profit Margin and Net Profit Margin also indicate that company has performed
better than previous year as well as better than its competitors in this year.
Additionally, high value of Debt to Equity Ratio also signifies that company can still
pull in the money from borrowers, easily, and may get a chance to yet increase its
GPM and NPM.
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Yes, Return on Investment Ratio and Debtor’s Turnover Ratio and Interest Coverage
Ratio being significantly higher, investors will also not hesitate investing here.
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Current Ratio and Quick Ratios are not much satisfactory and may convey a red flag to
the investors. But, Inventory Turnover Ratio being satisfactorily high and inventory
being almost 50% of the Current Assets, it gives a positive message that maximum
current assets is highly liquid. NWC Ratio of almost 19% indicates company is having
enough amount of Liquid cash and is mature enough to pay off all the short term
obligations.
Collectively, all ratios indicate company is performing well and still has capacity and
situation favorable to make it better.
Nirav Khandhedia, SCIT Ex-MBA, 2012-15, Financial Ratio Analysis for Tata Coffee Ltd`
Conclusion

46. Thank You