The document is a chapter about verbs and pronouns in English grammar. It begins with a dedication to family and homeland. The chapter then covers topics such as the different types of pronouns like subject and object pronouns. It discusses parts of speech like verbs, their forms and tenses. It explains concepts such as active and passive voice, and direct and indirect speech. The chapter concludes with answers to exercises.
2. A
Dedication
To our beloved father, mother, brothers, sisters, wife, sons and
daughters.
To our beloved homeland, martyrs and injuries.
To our university, doctors and students.
Those who gave us the needed support and encouraged us all the time
to complete this work.
Ahmed Ellouh
3.
B
Subject
1.Pronouns1
2.The Verb5
3. Forms of the Verb6
4.Helping Verbs8
5.Verb To Be8
6.Verb To Do10
7.Verb To Have11
8.Defective Verbs12
9.Tenses of The Verb14
10.The Present Simple Tense14
11.The Past Simple Tense18
12.Conjugation of Verbs21
13.The Present Simple Tense27
14.The Past Simple Tense31
15.The Present Perfect Tense34
16.The Past Perfect Tense37
17.The Future Simple Tense39
18.44
19. 47
20.IF Conditional Sentences (IF Rules)48
21.IF53
22. Active and Passive Voice54
23.Direct and Indirect Speech67
24.Adjectives86
25. 91
26. Answers94
4.
1
•ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻲﺍﻷﺴـﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﺤل ﺘﺤلﱡﻨﻟﺘﺠ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡﺘﻭ ،ﺠ ﻓﻲ ﻩﺫﻜﺭ ﺴﺒﻕ ﺍﺴﻡ ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﺏﻭﻻ ٍﺔﺴﺎﺒﻘ ٍﻪﻤﻠﺤﺎﺠـﺔ
ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺠﻤﺎل ﻟﻼﺨﺘﺼﺎﺭ ،ﻟﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭﻩ.
•
1sPersonal Pronoun:ﻨﻭﻋﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﻲ:
: Subject Pronounsﻭﻫﻲ:-I, You, He, She, It, They, We
Pronouns: Objectﻭﻫﻲ:-me, you, him , her , it , them , us
ü ﺘﻜﺭﺍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﹰﻻﺒﺩ ﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﻭﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡﺘﺍﺴﻡٍﻪﺴﺎﺒﻘ ٍﻪﺠﻤﻠ ﻓﻲ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ ﺴﺒﻕ.
ObjectSubject
PluralSingularPluralSingular
ﻨﺎusـﻨﻲmeﻨﺤﻥWeﺃﻨﺎI
ـﻪhimﻫﻭHe
ـﻬﺎherﻫﻲShe ـﻬﻡ/ﻥـﻬthem
ـﻪ/ـﻬﺎit
ﻫﻡ/ﻥﻫThey
ﻫﻭ/ﻫﻲIt
ـﻜﻡyouـﻙyouﺃﻨﺘﻡYouﺃﻨﺕYou
ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
1. I am a doctor. ﻁﺒﻴﺏ ﺃﻨﺎ.
2. Samy visited me yesterday. ِﺱﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ ﺯﺍﺭﻨﻲ.
3. He is my friend. ﺼﺩﻴﻘﻲ ﻫﻭ.
4. I welcomed him. ﺤﺭ ﺃﻨﺎﺒﻪ ﹸﺕﺒ.
5. We visited our friend. ﻨﺤﻥﺼﺩﻴﻘﻨﺎ ﺭﻨﺎﺯ.
6. They welcomed us. ﺤﺭ ﻫﻡﺒﻨﺎ ﺒﻭﺍ.
7. I invited them. ﺩﻋﻭﺘﻬﻡ ﺃﻨﺎ.
8. She met her uncle yesterday. ﺒﻗﺎﹶﻠﹾﺕِﺱﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﻬﺎﻤﻋ.
9. We shall visit you tomorrow. ﺭﺴﻨﺯﻭﻙ)ﹸﻜﺴﻨﺯﻭﺭﻡ(ﹰﺍﻏﺩ.
10. You should help the old man. ﺭﺍﻟ ﹸﺴﺎﻋﺩﺘ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻙ ﻴﺠﺏﺠﺍﻟﻌﺠﻭﺯ ل.
Pronouns
5.
2
2Possessive Pronounsﻭﻫﻲ:-
Plural Singular
oursourminemy
hishis
hersher
theirstheir
itsits
yoursyouryoursyour
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1.ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺼﻔﺎﺕ)Possessive Adjectives(ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﹰﺎﺩﺍﺌﻤﺍﺴﻡﹸﻜﻭ ،ﹼﻠﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﻬﺎ)ﹸﺹﺨﻴ.(
2.ﻴﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜ ﺘﺨﺼﻴﺹ ﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺃﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﹰﺎﺩﺍﺌﻤ ﺔﺍﺴﻡ،ﹸﻜﻭﹼﻠﻬﺎﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ)ﹸﺹﺨﻴ.(
ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
1. It is my pen. ﻗﻠ ﻪﹼﻨﺇﻤﻲ.
2. It is mine. ﻨﻲﺼﹸﺨﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺇ.
3. It is not yours. ﻗﻠﻤﻙ ﺱﻟﻴ ﻪﹼﻨﺇ)ﻪﹼﻨﺇﻙﺼﹸﺨﻴ ﻻ(.
4. I found his bag. ﹶﺘﺤﻘﻴﺒ ﹸﺕﻭﺠﺩﻪ.
5. This bag is his. ﻪﺼﹸﺨﺘ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ.
6. This is our garden. ﹸﻨﺎﺘﺤﺩﻴﻘ ﻫﺫﻩ.
7. This garden is ours. ﻨﺎﺼﹸﺨﺘ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﻘ ﻫﺫﻩ.
8. They entered their garden. ﹶﺘﺤﺩﻴﻘ ﺩﺨﻠﻭﺍﻬﻡ.
9. That garden is theirs. ﻬﻡﺼﹸﺨﺘ ﹸﺔﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﻘ ﻫﺫﻩ.
10. Did you bring your car? ﺃﺤﻀﺭﺕ ﻫلﺴﻴﺎﺭﺘﻙ؟
11. This car is yours. ﺴﺍﻟ ﻫﺫﻩﻙﺼﹸﺨﺘ ﻴﺎﺭﺓ.
3PronounsEmphasingorReflexive
•ﻋﻨﺩﻤ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡﺘِﺱﻨﻔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺭﺃﺜ ﻴﻘﻊ ﺎﺃﻭ ،ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪﺭﺍﻟ ﻋﻨﺩﹼﺘﺍﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺒﺔﺄﻜﻴﺩ.)ﺃﻱ:ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡﻀﺍﻟﻤﺍﻟ ﻤﻴﺭﻥﻷ ﻤﻔﻌـﻭل ﻨﻌﻜﺱ
ﹼﺸﺍﻟ ﻨﻔﺱ ﻫﻭ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻔﻌﻭل ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋلﺨﺹ.(
•ﻀﺍﻟ ﺘﻨﺘﻬﻲﻤﺍﻟ ﻤﺎﺌﺭﺒﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻨﻌﻜﺴﺔ)ﻨﻔﺱ(selfﻤﻟﻠﻔﺭﺩﻭﻜﻠﻤﺔ)ﹸﺱﻔﺃﻨ()selves(ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ.
•ﻀﺍﻟ ﻫﺫﻩ ﹸﺠﻤلﻨﻭﺒﻀ ﹰﺔﻤﻘﺭﻭﻨ ﻴﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻤﺎﺌﺭﹼﻨﺍﻟ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻼﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﻤﺎﺌﺭﻭﻀﻤﺎﺌﺭ ﻭﻉﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل:
6.
3
PluralSingular
ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻨﺎ/ﺒِﺴﺄﻨﻔﻨﺎourselvesﻨﺤﻥWeﻨﻔﺴﻲ/ﺒﻨﻔﺴﻲmyselfﺃﻨﺎI
ﻨﻔﺴﻪ/ِِﺴﺒﻨﻔﻪhimselfﻫﻭHe
ﺒِﺴﻨﻔﻬﺎ / ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎherselfﻫﻲShe ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻬﻡ/ﻥﺃﻨﻔﺴﻬ
)ِﺴﺒﺄﻨﻔِﻬﻡ/ﺒِﺴﺄﻨﻔِﻬﻥ(
themselvesﻫﻡ/ﻫﻥThey
ـﺴﻪﻨﻔـ/ـﺴﻬﺎﻨﻔـ
)ِﺴﺒﻨﻔِﻪ/ِﺴﺒﻨﻔﻬﺎ(
itself
ﻫﻭ/ﻫﻲ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗل ﻟﻐﻴﺭ
It
ﺃﻨﻔﺴﻜﻡ/ﻥﺃﻨﻔﺴﻜ
)ﺒﺄﻨﻔﺴﻜﻡ/ﻥﺒﺄﻨﻔﺴﻜ(
yourselvesﹸﺘﺃﻨﻡ/ﹸﺘﺃﻨﻥYouﻨﻔﺴﻙ/ِﺴﺒﻨﻔﻙyourselfﺃﻨﺕYou
ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
1. I blamed myself. ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﹸﺕﺨﺒﻭ/ﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﹸﺕﹸﻤﻟ.
2. He blamed himself. ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﹶﺦﺒﻭ/ُﻪﺴﻨﻔ ﻡﻻ.
3. You blamed yourself. ﺨﺕﺒﻭ ﺃﻨﺕ/ﻙﺴﻨﻔ ﹸﻤﺕﻟ.
4. You blamed yourselves. ﺒﻭﹾﺨﹸﺘﺴﹸﻔﺃﻨ ﻡﹸﻜﻡ/ﺍﻨﹸﻡﺘﹸﻤﻟ ﺘﻡﺴﹸﻔﺃﻨﹸﻜﻡ.
5. They blamed themselves ﺨﻭﺍﺒﻭﺴﺃﻨﻔﻬﻡ/ﻻﻤﻭﺍﺴﺃﻨﻔﻬﻡ.
6. Mr. Ahmed himself visited me. ﺴﺍﻟ ﺯﺍﺭﻨﻲﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﻴﺩﺒِﺴﻨﻔِﻪ)ﻟﻠﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩ.(
7. The manager himself visited him. ﻤﺍﻟ ﻩﺯﺍﺭﺩﻴﺭﺒِﺴﻨﻔِﻪﻨﺎﻫ.
4AdjectiveseDemonstrativ:
•ٍﺀﻟﺸﻲ ﻟﻺﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡﺘﻤﺇﺒﻌﻴﺩ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺭﻴﺏ ﺎ.
•ﺍﺴﻡ ﻭﺭﺍﺌﻬﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ.
ﹼﺸﻟﻲﺀﹼﺸﻟﻲﺀ
ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙthoseﺫﻟﻙ/ﺘﻠﻙthatﻫﺅﻻﺀtheseﻫﺫﺍ/ﻫﺫﻩthis
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üPronounsDemonstrativeﻫﻲﺴﺍﻟ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻨﻔﺱﺎﺒﻘﺔﺃﻱ)those,these,that,this(
ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻕﻥﺃ ﻫﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻴﺄﺘﻲ ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﺼﻔﺔ)noun.(
ﺼﻴﺨ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻡ ﻫﺫﺍﻨﻲ.This pen is mine.1.
ﻗﻠﻤ ﻫﺫﺍﻲ)ﺒﻴﺩﻱ.(This is my pen.2.
ﹸﺘﺏﻜ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙ.Those are book.3.
üﺎﻤﺃﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﻤﺤل ﻴﺤل ﺍﻹﺸﺎﺭﺓ ﻀﻤﻴﺭ.
7.
4
ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
ﻴﺩﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ.This is my book in my hand.1.
ﺭﺍﻟ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺫﻟﻙﺼﻴﺨ ﻻ ﻑﻨﻲ.That book on the shelf is not mine.2.
ﹼﺘﺍﻟ ﻫﺅﻻﺀﻼِلﺍﻟﻔﺼ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺫﹰﺓﻤﻬﺭﹰﺍﺠﺩ.very clever.These pupils in this class are3.
ﹼﺘﺍﻟ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻙِلﺍﻟﻔﺼ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻼﻤﻴﺫﹰﺓﻤﻬﺭ ﻟﻴﺴﻭﺍ.Those pupils in that class are not clever.4.
ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥExercise No. 1
ﺼﺍﻟ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﺨﺘﺭﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺤﺔ:*) Choose the right answer between brackets:-
1. The window is green. (He – She – It) is not yellow.
2. Usama is standing up. (He – She – It) is not sitting down.
3.
The pencils are in the box. (He – They – We) are not on the table. The plane is in the air.
(She – It – He – They) is flying to Cairo.
4. My name is Ahmed. (I – Me – My) am fifteen years old.
5. (We – Our – Us) are students.
6. (Yours – You – Your) are teachers.
7. (Your – Yours – You) books are new.
8. He is doing his work; I am doing (my – mine – me).
9. He is doing his work; I am doing (my – mine – me) work.
10. The girl is drinking milk. She is drinking (she – it – they – he) from the glass.
11. The children are eating apples. They are eating (them – her – him) in the room.
12. You should do your homework by (yourself – himself – herself).
13. We finished our homework. We finished it by (ourselves – themselves – yourself).
14. I always depend on (himself – myself – herself).
15. The boys helped the old man. They helped him (ourselves – themselves – herself).
16. The doctor told Huda and Nabil to take care of (themselves – herself – yourself).
17. (Those – This – That) girls are playing basketball.
18. (This – These – That) pupils are polite.
19. (This – These – Those) bag is mine.
Patience is a key to relief.
11.
8
Defective VerbsVerb To HaveVerb To DoVerb To Be
1- Verb To Be
being,been,were,was,are,is,am,be
PastPresentPronoun
ﻤﻟﻠ ﻜﺎﻥﻔﺭﺩwasﺃﻜﻭﻥamI
ﻤﻟﻠ ﻜﺎﻥﻔﺭﺩwasﻴﻜﻭﻥ/ﺘﻜﻭﻥisHe , She , It
ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ﻜﺎﻥwereﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ﻴﻜﻭﻥareWe , They , You
was am, is
been
wereare
be
ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
ﺱﺭﺩﻤ ﺃﻨﺎ.I am a teacher.1.
ﻁﺒﻴﺏ ﻫﻭ.He is a doctor.2.
ﻤﺭﻀﺔﻤ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺩﻯﻫ.Huda is not a nurse.3.
ﻭﺍﺠﺒﻲ ﺃﻋﻤل ﹸﺕﻜﻨ.I was doing my home work.4.
ﻭ ﺃﻨﺎﺠﻴﺭﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻲ.I and Ali are neighbors.5.
ﻁﺒﻴﺏ؟ ﹶﺕﺃﻨ ﻫلAre you a doctor?6.
ِ؟ﺱﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﹰﺔﻏﺎﻀﺒ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻫلWas she angry yesterday?7.
ﺃﺤﺴﻥ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﻭﻡ.Today, he is better.8.
ﹶﺕﺃﻨﹶﺕﻟﺴﻤﺭﺩﺴﹰﺎ.You are not a teacher.9.
ِﺱﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﹰﺍﺠﻴﺩ ﹰﺎﺩﺭﺴ ُﻋﻁﻭﺍﺃ.They were given a good lesson yesterday.10.
Helping Verbs
12.
9
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1.ﺴﺍﻟ ﻤلﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺤﻅﺎﺒﻘﺔﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡﺃﻓﻌﺎلVerb To Beِﺔﺼﻴﺎﻏ ﻭﻓﻲ ،ﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻲ ،ﺍﻹﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻲﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﻌلﻤﻠـﻓـﻲ ﺔ
ﺯﺍﻟﻤﺍﻟ ﻤﻥﻤﺍﻟ ﻀﺎﺭﻉﻤﺍﻟ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ،ﺴﺘﻤﺭﺠﺍﻟ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻋﻨﺩ ،ﺴﺘﻤﺭِلﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻭ ﻤﻠﺔ.
2.ﺃﻥ ﺃﺭﺩﻨﺎ ﺇﺫﺍﻨﻨﻔﻲVerb To Beﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﻨﻀﻊnot)n't.(
ﻨﻀﻊﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎnot)t'n(were,was,are,is,am
ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥExercise No. 2
ﻀﻊamﺃﻭisﺃﻭareﻓﻲﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ:I) Put (am), ( is) or (are) in the spaces :-
The window........ green.1.
I ......... in the classroom.2.
We ........ students.3.
There ........ a pen and two pencils on the table.4.
There ........ two pencils and a pen on the table.5.
II) Put (was) or (were) in the spaces:- ﻀﻊwasﺃﻭwereﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ:
My brother ....... ill yesterday.1.
They ........ students five years ago.2.
Huda and Nabila ........ in the hospital last month.3.
There ........ no planes two hundreds years ago.4.
There ........ a map here last week .5.
Cowards die often.
13.
10
2- Verb To Do
diddoes,do
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲPastﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻓﻲPresentﻀﺍﻟﻤﻴﺭPronoun
doI , We , They , You did
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻊdoesHe , She , It
do + play = playﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭ=ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭdo +
does + play = playsﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭ+s=ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭ+does
did + play = playedﹼﺘﺍﻟﹼﺜﺍﻟ ﺼﺭﻴﻑﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﺎﻨﻲ=ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭdid +
•
1.ﹸﺘﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡﹰﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒ ﺔﹼﻨﺍﻟ ﺼﻴﻐﺘﻲ ﻓﻲﻭﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﻔﻲ.
2.ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﻨﻔﻲ ﻴﺘﻡnot)n't(ﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ.
did not = didn'tdoes not = doesn'tdo not = don't
ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
1. I do not like smoking. ُﺃ ﻻ ﺃﻨﺎِﺤﺏﹼﺘﺍﻟﺩﺨﻴﻥ.
2. He does not remember her name. ﻫﹼﻜﻴﺘﺫ ﻻ ﻭﺍﺴ ﺭﻤﻬﺎ.
3. We do not go to school on Friday. ِﺔﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻨﺫﻫﺏ ﻻ ﻨﺤﻥﺍﻟﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﻴﻭﻡ.
4. Do you speak English? ﻴﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯ ﺘﺘﻜﻠﻡ ﻫل؟ ﺔ
5. Did she go to school yesterday? ﻫلﻫﻲِﺱﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺕﺒﺫﻫ؟
6. Does he live in Gaza? ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﹸﻥﻜﻴﺴ ﻫل؟
7.
.my home work everydaydoI
ﻓﻌل ﹼﻪﻨﻭﻟﻜ ﻤﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻓﻌل ﻟﻴﺱ ﻫﺫﺍﺃﺼﻠﻲ)ﻀﻌﻴﻑ(
ﻴﻭﻡ ﻜل ﻭﺍﺠﺒﻲ ﺃﻋﻤل.
ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥExercise No. 3
*) Put (do), (does) or (did) in the spaces:- ﻀﻊdoﺃﻭdoesﺃﻭdidﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ:
.………….. he bring money yesterday?1.
She ………….. not speak Arabic.2.
I ………… not care.3.
I and Huda …………. not go to school today.4.
.…………. Samy like smoking?5.
14.
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3- Verb To Have
has had,have
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲPastﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻓﻲPresentﻀﺍﻟﻤﻴﺭPronoun
haveI , We , They , You had
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋل ﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻤﻊhasHe , She , It
¯ﻴﺘﻡﻴﻤ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻨﻔﻲﺘﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﻠﻙnotﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ.
had not = hadn'thave not = haven'thas not = hasn't
ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
1. I have a new bag. ﹰﺓﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﹰﺔﺤﻘﻴﺒ ﻙِﻠﺃﻤﺘ.
2. Samy has a larger bag. ﹰﺓﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﹰﺔﺤﻘﻴﺒ ِﻙﻠﻴﻤﺘ ﺴﺎﻤﻲ.
3. The cat has a tail. ﹼﻁﺍﻟﻘﺔﺫﻴل ِﻙﻠﺘﻤﺘ.
4. I had a key but I lost it. ﻪﹸﺘﻓﻘﺩ ﻟﻜﻨﻨﻲ ﻤﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻱﻟﺩ.
5. We had a useful lesson yesterday. ﺩﺭﺴ ﺃﺨﺫﻨﺎﹰﺎﻔﻴﺩﻤﹰﺍِﺱﺒﺎﻷﻤ.
6. Has Huda got any sisters? ﺃﺨﻭﺍ ﺃﻱ ﺩﻯﻫ ﻟﺩﻯ ﻫلﺕ؟
7. Huda has not got any sisters. ﺃﺨﻭﺍﺕ ﺃﻱ ﻟﺩﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺩﻯﻫ.
8. I have done my work. ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﹸﻤﺕﻗ ﻟﻘﺩ.
ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥExercise No. 4
*) Put (have ) or (has) in the spaces :- ﻀﻊhaveﺃﻭhasﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ:
I ............... a new watch.1.
You ........... a red pen.2.
Usama ............... a green pencil.3.
We .............. dinner before we go to bed.4.
Ramzy ............... breakfast at home.5.
He ............. two sisters.6.
Many hands make light work.
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4- Defective Verbs
ç
PastPresentPastPresent
ﺴـ ﻜﺎﻥwouldﺴـ/ﺴﻭﻑwillﺴـ ﻜﺎﻥshouldﺴـ/ﺴﻭﻑshall
ﻴﺠﺏ/ﻴﻠﺯﻡmustﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻜﺎﻥcouldﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊcan
had to (ought to)
ﻴﺠﺏ ﻜﺎﻥﻴﺠﺏ/ﻴﻠﺯﻡought toﻜﺎﻥﻴﺠﻭﺯmightﻴﺠﻭﺯ/ﺭﺒﻤﺎmay
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1.ﻤﺴﹼﻨﺍﻟ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻴﺕﻥﻷ ﺍﻻﺴﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺎﻗﺼﺔﻟﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻭﻻ ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﻟﻪ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎﺜﺎﻟﺙ ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻑ)ﺍﺴﻡﻤﻔﻌـﻭل(
ﹼﺸﺍﻟ ﻫﻭ ﻜﻤﺎﺩﺍﻟ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺄﻥٍﺙﺤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺔﻤﺜل ،:go – went – goneﻟ ﻟﻴﺱ ﺍﻷﺨﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻪ.
2.ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎلmust – ought toٍﺽﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻟﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺱﻟﻬﻤﺎ)had to.(
3.ﹼﻨﺍﻟ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻴﺄﺘﻲﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺎﻗﺼﺔﺤﺭﻑ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ)s(ﻓﻲﺃﻭ ،ﺃﺨﺭﻩtoﻗﺒﻠﻪ)ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺼﻭﺭﺓ(.
4.ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤلshallﻤﻊﻤﺍﻟ ﻀﻤﻴﺭﹼﻠﺘﻜﻡIﺃﻭWe.
5.ﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤلwillﻤﻊﻀﺍﻟ ﺒﺎﻗﻲﻤﺎﺌﺭﻭﻫﻲ:)They, You, He, She, It.(
Examples ﺃﻤـﺜﻠﺔ
ﹼﺜﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺃﺤﻤل ﺃﻥ ﺃﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺃﻨﺎﻘﻴﻠﺔ.I can carry this heavy bag .1.
ﹰﻻﺤﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻁﺎﺭ ﺴﻴﺘﺤﺭﻙ.The train will move2.
ُﺨﺭﻯﺃ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺴﺄﺤﻀﺭ.I shall come again.3.
ِﺩﻴﻨﺎﻟﻭﺍ ﹸﺴﺎﻋﺩﻨ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ.We should help our parents.4.
ﻏﺯﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻘﺎﺒﻠﻭﻨﺎﻴ ﺒﻤﺎﺭ.They may meet us in Gaza.5.
ﹼﻁﺍﻟ ﻴﻨﻬﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﺏﻤﺒﻜﺭﻴﻥ ﻼﺏ.Students must get up early.6.
ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﺒﺔ؟ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺘﺤﻤل ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﻫلCan you carry this bag?7.
ِﺱﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﺘﻔﻬﻤﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻊ ﻟﻡ ﻫﻲ.She couldn't understand me yesterday.8.
He is rich that has few wants.
16.
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ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥExercise No. 5
ﺍﺨﺘﺭﺼﺍﻟ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺤﺔ:-*) Choose the correct answer between brackets:
She must (help - helps - helped) her mother.1.
Ali should (gets - get - getting) up early everyday.2.
Students must not (writes - wrote - write) on the walls.3.
My father may (buys - bought - buy) a watch to me.4.
A good student must (studies - studied -study) hard.5.
We had to (helped - help - helps) the old man yesterday.6.
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1.ﹸﻌﺘﺒﺭﺘbe, have, doﻤﺼﺩﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﻌﺎل.
2.ﻤﻥ ﻜل ﹸﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡﺘhas, does, was, isﻤﻊit, she, he.
Manners make the man.
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•ﺩﺍﻟ ﻟﻠﻔﻌلٍﺙﺤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍل)Full Verb(ﻤﺜ ،ل:ﻴﺯﻭﺭvisit–ﻴﺫﻫﺏgo.....ﺍﻟﺦﻤﺼﺩﺭ)infinitive(ﻭﻴﻜﻭﻥﻟﻬـﺫﺍ
ﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﺎﻋل ﺤﺴﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭﺯﺍﻟ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻠﺔﻤﻥ)Tense(ﺍﻟﺫﻱﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﺼﻭﻏﻪ.
•ﺩﺍﻟ ﻟﻠﻔﻌلﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﺯﻤﻨﺔ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﺤﺩﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍلﻭﻫﻲ ،:-
Future PastPresent
SimplePerfectContinuousSimplePerfectContinuousSimple
• ﺘﻌﻨﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﻤﺔﻥﺒﺄﻴﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱﺍﻟﻔﻌ ﺸﻜل ﻫﻭ ﻤﻠﺔﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﻲﻓﻘﻁ ل.
-:Formation)1
üﺍ ﺼﻭﺭﺓﻤﺍﻟ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻔﻌلﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻀﺎﺭﻉﻫﻲﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﻔﺱ)ﹼﺘﺍﻟﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﺍﻷﻭل ﺼﺭﻴﻑ(ﻤ ﻤﻊ ،ﹼﻨﺃ ﻼﺤﻅﺔـﻴ ﻪﻀﺎﻑ)s(
ِﺔﻨﻬﺎﻴ ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﻔﻌلﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﺎﻋل ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍﻤ ﻤﻠﺔﹰﺍﻔﺭﺩﻤﺜل ،ﹰﺎﻏﺎﺌﺒ)he , she , it(ﻤﺜل ،ﺃﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻴﻨﻭﺏ ﻤﺎ ﺃﻭ ،:
Ali - Samia - The teacher - The cat
drink + s = drinks
[
Ali drinks tea.1.
play + s = playsHuda plays football.2.
eat + s = eatsHe eats a cake.3.
playI play basketball4.
¯ ﺇﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﻌل ﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﺍﺍ ﻤﻠﺔﹰﺍﻤﻔﺭﺩ ﹰﺎﺴﻤﺃﻭﻤﺜل ،ﹰﺎﻏﺎﺌﺒ ﹰﺍﻤﻔﺭﺩ ﹰﺍﻀﻤﻴﺭ)he, she, it(ﹼﻨﻓﺈﻪ:
1.ﻤﺍﻟ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﺫﺍﺒﺄﺤﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻀﺎﺭﻉﺍﻟﻬﺎﻤﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻭﻑﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ:-(sh, ch, o, x, ss)ﻀﺎﻑﻴ ﹼﻪﻨﻓﺈ(es)
ِﺔﻨﻬﺎﻴ ﺇﻟﻰﻤﻥ ﹰﻻﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل(s)ﻤﺜل ،:-
ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻴwatch + es = watchesﻴﻐﺴل+ es = washeswash
ﺱﺭﺩﻴteach + es = teachesﹼﻨﻴﺘﻤﻰwish + es = wishes
ﻴﺨﻠﻁmix + es = mixesﻨﻬﻲﻴfinish + es = finishes
Tenses of The Verb
1. The Present Simple Tense
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ﹶﺜﻴﺕﺒfix + es = fixesﻴﺫﻫﺏgo + es = goes
ﻴﺭﻤ/ﻴﻌﺭﺒpass + es = passesﻴﻔﻌلdo + es = does
لﺼﻭﻴmatch + es = matchesﻴﻌﺭﺒcross + es = crosses
2.ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﺫﺍﺯﻤﻥﻤﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭﻉﺒﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ(y)ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻭﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪﺍﻟـ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻥﻓﺈ(y)ـﻀﺎﻑﻴﻭ ﺤﺫﻑﻴ
(ies)ِﺔﻨﻬﺎﻴ ﺇﻟﻰﺍﻟﻔﻌل،ﻤﺜل:-
triesﻴﺤﺎﻭلtry
criesﻴﺒﻜﻲcry
studiesﺭﻴﺩﺱstudy
fliesﻴﻁﻴﺭfly
3.ﻤﺍﻟ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﺫﺍﺒﺤﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻀﺎﺭﻉ( y )ﻤﺘﺤﺭﻙ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻭﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪ)ﻋﻠﺔ ﺤﺭﻑ(ﹼـﻨﻓﺈ ،ﻪـﻴﻀﺎﻑ( s )
ِﺔﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺤﺭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺃﻱ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌلﺍﻟـ( y )ﻤﺜل:-
ﻁﻴﻊﻴobey + s = obeysﻴﻠﻌﺏplay + s = plays
ﻴﻘﻭلsay + s = saysﻴﺸﺘﺭﻱbuy + s = buys
ﹸﻜﻴﻤﺙ/ﻴﺒﻘﻰstay + s = staysﻴﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊenjoy + s = enjoys
•vowels)u,o,i,e,a(
:Usage)2
•ﻋﻠﻰ لﺩﺘ ﻤﻠﺔﺠﺍﻟ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻀﺎﺭﻉﻤﺍﻟ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻠﺔﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﻌل ﺼﺎﻍﻴ:
1.)ctfa(ﻤﺜل:-
ﺘﺘﺤﺭﻙُﺽﺍﻷﺭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺱ ﺤﻭل.The earth moves around the sun.1.
ﻫﻡﻴﻠﻌﺒﻭﻥﹸﻜﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﹸلﻜ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ ﺭﺓ.They play football every week.2.
2.)habit(ﻤﺜل:-
ﺴﺎﻤﻲﻴﺫﻫﺏﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ.Samy goes to school every morning.1.
ﻴﺫﻫﺏﺩﺍﻷﻭﻻِﺔﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴ ﺇﻟﻰِﺔﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺴ ﻓﻲِﺭﺍﻟﻌﻤ ﻤﻥ.Boys go to school at the age of six.2.
Key words)3
•ﺍﻟﻜ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﹼﺘﺍﻟ ﻠﻤﺎﺕﺎﻟﻴﺔﺠﺭﻴﺢﻓﻌل ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻀﺎﺭﻉﻤﺍﻟ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻠﺔﺠﺍﻟ:
ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ/ﹰﺍﺃﺒﺩneverﹰﺎﺩﺍﺌﻤalways
ﹰﺎﻋﻤﻭﻤgenerallyﹰﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒoften
ﹰﺍﻤﺭﺍﺭ/ﹰﺍﻜﺜﻴﺭfrequentlyﹰﺓﻋﺎﺩusually
ﹰﺍﻨﺎﺩﺭrarelyﹰﺎﺃﺤﻴﺎﻨsometimes
ﻤﺎ ﹰﺍﻨﺎﺩﺭseldomﻜل)ﻴﻭﻡ–،ﺃﺴﺒﻭﻉ...(every….
19.
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1.ﺩﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕﹼﻟﺍﺴﺍﻟ ﺔﻤﺎﻋﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻗﺒل ﺘﺄﺘﻲ ﺎﺒﻘﺔevery)(ِﺔﻨﻬﺎﻴ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺄﺘﻲﺠﺍﻟِﺔﻤﻠ.
2.ﹰﺎﺸﺭﻁ ﻟﻴﺱﹼﻟﺩﺍ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﺴﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻤﻥ ﺔِﺔﻤﻠﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﻲ ﺎﺒﻘﺔﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻠﺔﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﻌل ﻨﺼﻭﻍ ﺤﺘﻰـﻀﺎﺭﻉﻤﺍﻟﹼﻻﺇ ﺍﻟﺒـﺴﻴﻁﺇﺫﺍ
ﻤﻠﺔﺠﺍﻟ ﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺃﻓﺎﺩﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ(fact)ﺃﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ(habit)،ﹼﻨﻓﺈﺃﻥ ﻴﺠﺏ ﻪﺼﺎﻍﻴﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻀﺎﺭﻉﻤﺍﻟ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل
ﺍﻷﺘﻲ:-
The earth moves around the sun.
ﺽﺍﻷﺭﺘﺩﻭﺭﹼﻤﺱﺸﺍﻟ ﺤﻭل) .ﺃﻓﺎﺩﻤﻌﻨﻰﻤﻠﺔﺠﺍﻟﹰﺔﺤﻘﻴﻘ،ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻡﻓﺘ)move(ﻓﻲﺯﻤﻥﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻀﺎﺭﻉﻤﺍﻟﻤﻊﻻ ﹼﻪﻨﺃﹼﻟﺩﺍ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺘﻭﺠﺩﺔ.
3.ﺘﻭﻀﻊ(to)ﺃﺤﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻗﺒلﹰﺎﻨﺯﺍﻟ ﻓﻲ ﺩﻌﺒ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﻟﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻥﺃ ﻥﻴﻟﺘﺒﻤﺍﻟ ﻤﻥﻴﺠﺏ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ،ﻨﺎﺴﺏﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺤﺫﻓﻬﺎ.
-:The Present Simple Tense Negative and Interrogative)4
1.ﺇﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﺍﺍﻟﻔﻌلﺒﺩﻭﻥ)(sﹼﻨﻟﻠ ،ﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻔﻲ)ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭ+don't+ﻓﺎﻋل.(
2.ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل)(s،ﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ)?...ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭ+ﻓﺎﻋل+Do(.
3.ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍﺍﻟﻔﻌلﺒﻪ)s(ﺃﻭ(es)ﹼﻨﻟﻠﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤل ﻔﻲ)ﺍﻟﻔﻌ ﻤﺼﺩﺭل+doesn't+ﻓﺎﻋل.(
4.ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍﺍﻟﻔﻌلﺒﻪ)(sﺃﻭ(es)ﻟﻼﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤل)?...ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻤﺼﺩﺭ+ﻓﺎﻋل+Does(.
Interrogative NegativeExamples
Do you speak English?
ﹼﻠﺘﺘﻜ ﺃﻨﺕ ﻫلﻡﻴﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ؟
I don't speak English.
ﺃﻨﺎﹼﻠﺃﺘﻜ ﻻﻡُُﻴﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ.
I speak English.
ﺃﻨﺎﹼﻠﺃﺘﻜﻡﻴﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ.
1.
Does Ali speak English?
ﹼﻠﻴﺘﻜ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫلﻡﻴﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ؟
Ali doesn't speak English.
ﻋﻠﻲﹼﻠﻴﺘﻜﻡﻴﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ.
Ali speaks English.
ﻋﻠﻲﻴﺘﻜﹼﻡﻠﻴﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﺔ.
2.
Does Huda wash the car?
ﻫ ﻫلﺘﻐﺴل ﺩﻯﺴﺍﻟﻴﺎﺭﺓ؟
Huda doesn't wash the car.
ﻫﺩﻯﺘﻐﺴل ﻻﺴﺍﻟﻴﺎﺭﺓ.
Huda washes the car.
ﻫﺩﻯﺘﻐﺴلﺴﺍﻟﻴﺎﺭﺓ.
3.
ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
ﺴﺎﻤﻲﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﹰﺓﻋﺎﺩﺍﻟﺒﻴﺕ ﻓﻲﻴﻭﻡ ﻜل.Samy usually stays at home everyday.1.
ﹼﻨﺇﻬﺎِﻁﹸﻤﺘ ﹰﺎﻏﺎﻟﺒﺭُﹼﺸﺍﻟ ﻓﻲﺘﺎﺀ.It often rains in winter.2.
ﺃﺤﻤﺩﺸﺎﻫﺩﻴ ﹰﺎﺩﺍﺌﻤﹼﺘﺍﻟﻓﻲ ﻠﻔﺎﺯﹼﻠﺍﻟﻴل.Ahmed always watches TV at night.3.
ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻭﻴ ﹰﺎﺩﺍﺌﻤﻥﹼﺘﺍﻟﹼﻠﺍﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻠﻔﺎﺯﻴل.Always they watch TV at night.4.
ﺃﻤﻴﺭﺓﹰﺍﺃﺒﺩ ﺘﺯﻭﺭﻨﺎ ﻻ.Ameera never visits us.5.
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ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥExercise No. 6
ﺍﺨﺘﺭﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎلﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺤﺔﺼﺍﻟ:-I) Choose the correct verbs in the brackets:
He sometimes (take – takes – to take) the bus to school.1.
We generally (spoke – speaks – speak) Arabic.2.
He (watch – watches – is watching) the news on TV every evening.3.
I always (meet – meets – meeting) him on the corner of this street.4.
The sun (give – giving – gives – is giving) us light.5.
He usually (drives – drive – is driving) very fast.6.
ﺤﺼﺢﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎلﺍﻟﺘﻲﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ:-II) Correct the verbs between brackets:
I usually drink tea after breakfast, but my sister (drink) milk.1.
He always (reach) school late.2.
He never (visit) us.3.
He rarely (answer) my letters.4.
Every Friday, he (go) to the river and (catch) fish.5.
Nagla sometimes, (enjoy) watching television.6.
He always (study) Arabic at school.7.
She usually (get) up early.8.
The moon sometimes (shine) at night.9.
He (to visit) his uncle every week.10.
The exception proves the rule.
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-:Formation)1
•ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥﺯﻤﻥﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲﹼﺘﺍﻟﹼﺜﺍﻟ ﺼﺭﻴﻑﻟﻠﻔﻌل ﺎﻨﻲ.
ﺸﺎﻫﺩﺕﹼﺘﺍﻟ ُﻠﻔﺎﺯِﺱﺒﺎﻷﻤ.I watched TV yesterday.1.
ﺠﺭﻯﹼﺫﺍﻟﻤ ﺏﺌﹰﺍﺒﺘﻌﺩ.The wolf ran away.2.
ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺕِﺔﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴ ﻓﻲ ﺼﺩﻴﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺤﻨﺎﻥ ْ.Hanan met her friend at school.3.
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1)regular()irregular(
(Regular Verbs)ﻭﻫﻲﺎﻤﺇ ﺘﺼﺭﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻀﺎﻑﻴ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ(ed)ﺃﻭ
(d)ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰﻤﺜل ،:-
ﺴﺎﻋﺩﻴhelp - helped - helped
ﻴﺒﺘﺴﻡsmile - smiled - smiled
ﺸﺎﻫﺩﻴwatch - watched - watched
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1.ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ(ed)ﺇِﺔﻨﻬﺎﻴ ﻟﻰﻗﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭﻟﻠﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻷﺨﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻑ ﻑﻌﹸﻀﻨ)ﺍﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﺫﺍٍﻑﺒﺤﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌلٍﻥﺴﺎﻜﺤـﺭﻑ ﻗﺒﻠـﻪ
ﻤﺭﺘﺤﻙ(ﻤﺜل ،:
ﺴﺎﻓﺭﻴtravel + ed = travelled
ﹼﻗﻴﺘﻭﻑstop + ed = stopped
2.ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ(ed)ﺇﻟﻰِﺔﻨﻬﺎﻴِﺭﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺒﺤﺭﻑ ﻨﺘﻬﻲﻤﺍﻟ( y )ﺴﺎﻜﻥ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻭﻴﺴﺒﻘﻪﻓﺈﺍﻟـ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻥ(y)ﻴﺤﺫﻑـﻴﻭﻀﺎﻑ
(ied)ﻤﺜل ،:-
study + ed = studied ﻴﺩﺭﺱ deny + ed = denied ﻨﻜﺭﻴ
carry + ed = carried ﻴﺤﻤل cry + ed = cried ﻴﺒﻜﻲ
3.ﺍﻟـ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ(y)ِﺔﻨﻬﺎﻴ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭﹰﺎﻤﺴﺒﻭﻗ،ٍﻙﻤﺘﺤﺭ ٍﻑﺒﺤﺭﻓﻘﻁ ﻀﺎﻑﻴ ﹼﻪﻨﻓﺈ(ed)ِﺔﻟﻨﻬﺎﻴﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل
ﺍﻟـ لﻭﹸﺤﻨ ﺃﻥ(y)ﺇﻟﻰ(ied)،ﻤﺜل:-
ﻴﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊenjoy + ed = enjoyed
ﻴﻠﻌﺏplay + ed = played
4.ِﻑﺒﺤﺭ ﹰﺎﻨﺘﻬﻴﻤ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ(e)ﺍﻟـ ﺤﺭﻑ ﻓﺈﻥ(e)ﻓﻘﻁ ﻭﻴﻀﺎﻑ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ(d)ﻤﻥ ﹰﻻﺒﺩ(ed)،ﻤﺜل:
invite + d = invited ﻴﺩﻋﻭ smile + d = smiled ﻴﺒﺘﺴﻡ
prove + d = proved ﺒﺭﻫﻥﻴ/ﺜﺒﺕﻴ exercise + d = exercised ﺭﻴﺘﻤﻥ
2.The Past Simple Tense
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:(Irregular Verbs)ِﺭﻅﻬ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻔﻅﻬﺎ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻫﺫﻩﻭﺫﻟﻙ ،ﻗﻠﺏﺤﺘﻰﺒﻴﻥ ﺯﻴﹸﻤﻨ
ﹼﺸﺍﻟ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌلﺎﺫ.
2) Usage:-
•ﻓﻲ ﻤﻠﺔﺠﺍﻟ ﻓﻌل ﺼﺎﻍﻴﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ:-
1.ﺴﺍﻟ ﻓﻲﹼﺘﺍﻟ ﺭﺩﺎﺭﻴﺨﻲ.
2.ﺭﻭﺍ ﻋﻨﺩِﻘﺍﻟ ﻴﺔﺼﺹ.
3.ﹼﺘﺍﻟ ﻋﻨﺩٍﺙﺤﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻌﺒﻴﺭﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻡﺘ،ﻤﺜل:-
ﺒﺎﻷﻤ ﻪﹸﺘﻗﺎﺒﻠِﺱ.I met him yesterday.
4.ﹼﺘﻟﻠ،ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻓﻲ ٍﺓﻋﺎﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻌﺒﻴﺭﻤﺜل:-
ﹸﻜ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎﹾﻨﻴﻭﻡ َلﻜ ﹸﺕﺴﺒﺤ ،ٍﺓﺇﺠﺎﺯ ﻓﻲ ﹸﺕ.When I was on holiday, I swam everyday.
Key words)3
•ﺍﻟﻜ ﺇﺤﺩﻯ ﻭﺠﻭﺩﹼﺘﺍﻟ ﻠﻤﺎﺕﺎﻟﻴﺔﺠﺭﻴﺢﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌل ﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲin olden timesﺃﻤﺱyesterday
ﻤﻨﺫagoﻤﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺕonce
ﺎﺒﻕﺴﺍﻟ/ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲlast...ﺍﻷﻴﺎﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲone day
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲlast nightﺍﻵﻥ ﻗﺒلjust now
ﹼﺸﺍﻟ ﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻬﺭlast monthﻓﻲﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲin the past
-:The Past Simple Tense Negative and Interrogative)4
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1.ﻴﺘﻡﻨﻔﻲﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌلﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲﻭﻴﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻥ:
did not
2.ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻁ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ ﺼﻴﻐﺔﻭﺘﺘﻜﻤﻥ ﻥ:
?Did
InterrogativeNegativeExamples
Did they go to school?
ﻫلﺫﻫﺒﻭﺍِﺔﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴ ﺇﻟﻰ؟
They didn't go to school.
ﻫﻡﻴﺫﻫﺒﻭﺍ ﻟﻡِﺔﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴ ﺇﻟﻰ.
They went to school.
ﻫﻡﺫﻫﺒﻭﺍِﺔﺍﻟﻤﺩﺭﺴ ﺇﻟﻰ.
Did the wolf run away?
ﺭﻓ ﻫلﺏﺍﻟﺫﺌ؟
The wolf didn't run away.
ﺏﺍﻟﺫﺌﻟﻡِﺭﻔﻴ.
The wolf ran away.
ﺭﻓﺏﺍﻟﺫﺌ.
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ﺃﻤﺜـــﻠﺔExamples
ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺒﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺤﻤﺩ ﺴﺎﻓﺭ.Ahmed travelled to Japan last week.1.
ﺭﺍﻟ ﻜﺘﺏ ﺴﺎﻤﻲﺴﺎﻟﺔ.Samy wrote the letter.2.
ﺴﺍﻟ ﹰﺓﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﹰﺓﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺸﺘﺭﻯ ﺃﺒﻲﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻨﺔ.My father bought a new car last year.3.
ﻫﺩﺍﻟ ﺩﺭﺴﺕ ﺩﻯﺍﻟﻤﺎﻀﻲ ﻉﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭ ﻋﺸﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻡ ﺱﺭ.Huda studied lesson ten a week ago.4.
ﻤﺎﻀﻴﺔ ٍﻡﺃﻴﺎ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ ﻤﻨﺫ ﺍﻟﻐﺩﺍﺀ ِﻡﻟﻁﻌﺎ ﺩﻋﻭﻨﺎﻫﻡ.We invited them for lunch three days ago.5.
ﺘﻤﺭﻴـﻥExercise No. 7
ﺤﺼﺍﻷﻗﻭﺍﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﺢ:*) Correct the verbs in brackets:
Ahmed ……………. (buy) a new bicycle last week.1.
She ……………. (make) a cake yesterday.2.
Two months ago, we …………(have) a holiday.3.
Samy ……………. (to climb) a tree yesterday.4.
I ……………… (finish) my work two hours ago.5.
A stitch in time saves nine.