This document discusses learning and social psychology. It covers several topics: - The definition of intelligence as the ability to think rationally and effectively deal with the environment. Intelligence involves perceiving, knowing, reasoning, and remembering, and is influenced by both genetics and environment. - Explanations of mental age, IQ, and different levels of intelligence based on IQ scores. IQ tests measure performance but not adaptive functioning. - An overview of different types of intelligence tests, including group tests, individual tests, verbal tests, and performance tests. Tests also measure specific abilities like attention. - Descriptions of social psychology and how individuals are influenced by social groups, relationships, attitudes, and leaders within groups.

1. LEARNING
&
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Kingsuk Sarkar, MD
Asst. Prof.
Dept. of Community Medicine
DSMCH

2. -“global or aggregative
capacity of the individual to
think rationally,deal effectively
and act purposefully with his
environment.”

3. - Important aspect of personality
- Includes perceiving, knowing, reasoning &
remembering
- Interplay between environmental & genetic
factors
- Relationship exists between a person’s level of
intelligence & his range of activities, level of
achievement & his depth of understanding

4. Mental Age:
- Based on concepts of intelligence tests
- Indicates the level o intelligence achieved
- Gives no indication on brightness/dullness
- Four sectors of intellectual development:
a)motor ability, b)adoptive behavior, c)language
development & d)personal -social behavior

5. -“the ratio of mental age &
chronological age expressed in
percentage”
IQ ═{Mental age/Chronological age X100}

6. - Improvement over the concept of mental health
- If Mental age ═ Chronological age; IQ ═100
- ≈80% of population have an IQ of/around 100
- IQ tests are not predictive of adaptive functioning
( except those with significant retardation)
- Criteria of social adaptation was added to the
definition of mental retardation

7. Levels of Intelligence IQ Range
Idiot 0 -24
Imbecile 25 – 49
Moron 50 – 69
Borderline 70 – 79
Low Normal 80 – 89
Normal 90 – 109
Superior 110 – 119
Very Superior 120 – 139
Near genius ≥140

8. i. Space-ability to perceive objects
ii. Number-familiarity with elementary arithmetic
iii. Verbal comprehension: ability to reason from verbal concepts
iv. Facility of expression-ability to employ appropriate words
v. Memory-ability to retain words & ideas
vi. Induction-ability to discover principles
vii. Deduction-ability to use principles to solve concrete problems
viii.Flexibility & rapidity of thought

9. - Group tests & Individual tests
- Group test: all subjects begins
& finishes at same time
- No constant time factor in
individual tests
- Measures performance

10. Minimal understanding
-Performance
Use of language
- Measures fundamental psychological process: reasoning,
relationship, without reference to cultural / educational
opportunities
- Helps to measure intelligence of: young people yet to
learn any language, illiterates -- because of lack of
educational benefits or feeble mindedness, those speaking
a foreign language

11. - Changes in educational opportunities → fluctuations in IQ
- IQ may rise considerably after glandular therapy
- Those having low IQ can be provided special education according to
their capacity
- Those with very high IQ can also be given education as per their need
- Can aid in determining the right time to join school
- Help to adjust a student to his work
- Selection procedure for colleges & professional schools
- As in educational guidance & various therapies

12.  Measures development/ maturation:
i. Bayley Infant Scale
ii. Gassel’s Development Schedule
iii. National Institute for Mentally Handicapped
Development Assessment Schedule

13.  Verbal tests:
i. Binet Kamat’s test
ii. Binet Kulshetra test
iii.Binet Shukla Test
iv.Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian
Children- Verbal Scale

14.  Non- verbal tests:
- Developmental screening test
- Raven’s Progressive Matrix – Coloured
 Performance tests:
- Seguin Form Board Test
- Gassel’s Drawing Test
- Draw a man test
- Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children –
Performance Scale

15.  Adaptive Behavior Scales:
- Vineland Social Maturity Scale
- American Association on Mental Retardation Adaptive
Behavior Scale
 Tests for specific abilities:
- Attention
- Concentration

16. - Wing’s Comprehensive Handicaps, Behavior &
Skill Schedule (HBS)
- Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS)
- Measures & records in standardized format the
aspects of behavior, psychological functions &
social performance

17. Science of behavior of the individual in the
society
o Studies behavior of the individual in social
situations – group, crowd, mob, audience
o Also concerned with attitudes of individuals
towards cultural & social values

18. Also known as Social Behavior
Man, being a social creature is influenced by
- Customs & Laws
- Ideals
- Art & literature
- Crafts
- Science & technology

19.  Inter – personal relationships:
- Also known as person- to – person interaction.
- Individual learns from parents, teacher, friends
 Inter – group relationships:
- Individual adherence to the traditions of the group
- Social interaction → development of attitude towards
persons, situations, issues
- Social attitudes – attitude towards non-adoption of family planning, child
marriage

20. Every group has its leader
- Leader is responsible for solidarity of the group
- Upholds the morale of the group member
- Group members work together with definite programmes &
objectives
- Members may think, feel, act together
- Community problems may be solved through group effort

21. Right of the Individual:
1948, General Assembly of United nations Adopted
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- Recognition that human beings are born free & equal,
should enjoy dignity & rights
- 30 articles
- Right to better living conditions
- Right to Health & Medical Services

22. o The Universal Declaration of Human Rights refer
- “ Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate
for the health and well being of himself and his family,
including food, clothing, housing, medical care and
necessary social services, and the right to security in the
event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widow-hood,
old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances
beyond his control

23. - Motherhood and childhood
are entitled to special care and
assistance. All children,
whether born in or out of
wedlock , shall enjoy the same
social protection.

24. 1)Right to equality
2)Right to freedom of speech & expression
3)Right against exploitation
4)Right to freedom of practice & propagation of religion
5)Right to minorities to conserve their culture
6)Right to property
7)Right to constitutional remedies for the enforcement
of fundamental rights

25. Responsibility for health:
- Health has to be earned by individual effort
- It cant be granted individually
Responsibility lies both upon
- individual
- community/state

26. Personal responsibilities:
- Diet
- care of teeth & skin care
- Recreation & exercise
- cultivation of healthful habits
- Immunization
- Early report of sickness episode
- Optimum utilization of available healthcare facilities

27. Government/ State responsibility
- To safeguard & promote health & welfare of citizens
o Provision of health under Government of India
- Health & strength of workers, men & women and the tender
age children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by
economic necessity to enter a vocation unsuited to their age or
strength

28. - The children & youth are protected against
exploitation and against moral & material
abandonment
- The state shall, within the limits of its economic
capacity & development , make effective provision
for securing the right to work, to education & to
public assistance in case of un employment, old
age, sickness, & disablement, and in other cases
of underserved want.

29. - The state shall regard the raising of the level
nutrition & standard of living of its people and
the improvement of public health as among its
primary duties.

30. THANK YOU