Integrated Service Digital Network
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This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers. I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
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Integrated Service Digital Network
- 1. 1
- 2. WAN Connection Types There are three types of Wan Connectivity : • Dedicated Lines • Circuit Switching • Packet Switching 2
- 3. Dedicated Lines • Used for shorter to medium distances and for longer connectivity. • Private line • Bandwidth is fixed • Line is 24hrs up • Whether used or not billing is done • eg: Leased Lines 3
- 4. Circuit Switching • Used for medium to longer distances and for shorter connectivity. • Bandwidth is fixed • Billing Depends upon the Usage • eg: ISDN , PSTN (Dial Up connections) 4
- 5. Packet Switching • Used for medium to longer distances and for longer connectivity. • Bandwidth is shared • eg: Frame-Relay 5
- 6. Encapsulation PPP • Point to Point Protocol • Open Standard HDLC • High level Data link Control • Vendor proprietary Protocol (works with Protocol (works with same and different same company Router company Routers i.e. only, i.e. Cisco-Cisco, Cisco–Nortel, Cisco– Nortel-Nortel, etc.) Multicom. • Supports Authentication • Supports Compression • No Support for Authentication • No Support for Compression 6
- 7. PPP Authentication In PPP two types of Authentication : • PAP - Password Authentication Protocol • 2 Way Handshaking protocol • Username and password are sent in clear text • No Security • CHAP- Challenge Handshake Authentication protocol • 3 Way Handshaking protocol • Username is sent in clear text and Password in encrypted form • Secure 7
- 8. Public Switched Telephone Network • Analog Signal • Maximum Speed of 33 to 40 Kbps • Call Establishment is Slower (minimum 1 minute) • Terminated at the PSTN Switch at the Exchange • Supports Single service at a time. 8
- 9. Integrated Services Digital Network • Digital Signal • Minimum Speed for 128 Kbps • Call Establishment is faster (within 2 sec) • Terminated at the ISDN Switch at the Exchange • Supports Multiple services at a time. 9
- 10. ISDN Types • BRI – Basic Rate Interface - (2B + 1D) channels - Each channel 64 kbps - B channel used for data transmission - D Channel used for signaling(16kbps) - (2* 64) + (1 * 16) = 144kbps - B stands for Bearer - D stands for Delta 10
- 11. ISDN Types • PRI – Primary Rate Interface 2 Standards : European Standard (E1) - 30B + 1D channels - (30*64) + (1*64) = 2.048Mbps US Standard (T1) - 23B + 1D channels - (23*64) + ( 1*64) = 1.544Mbps 11
- 12. ISDN Connectivity for Home PC INTERNET 2 wires(Copper) RJ-45 Connector NT1 TELCO ISDN SWITCH Analog Fax S/T Cable U-Line PC TA RJ-11 Connector 12 Analog Phone
- 13. ISDN Connectivity for Office INTERNET 2 wires(Copper) RJ-45 Connector BRI0 NT1 TELCO U-Line E0 192.168.20.150 S/T Cable ISDN SWITCH ISDN Compatible Phone (Digital) LAN - 192.168.20.0/24 13
- 14. Network Address Translation • Translates Private addresses to Public and Public addresses to Private. • Allows Communication from the private world to the public world and not vice versa. • Used for internet sharing 14
- 15. Dial on Demand Routing • Connection is Automated. • Established whenever a request comes to the router and disconnected based on the Idle-Timeout • Default idle-timeout is 120sec • All these configurations are to be made on the router’s bri interface. • Interesting Traffic is identified using Dialer List 15
- 16. ISDN for Internet Configuration 1. BRI interface configurations 2. Authentication 3. Dialer commands 4. ISDN Switch Type 5. NAT 6. Access-List 7. Routing 8. Miscellaneous Commands 9. Troubleshooting commands 16
- 17. ISDN for Internet Configuration INTERNET 2 wires(Copper) RJ-45 Connector BRI0 NT1 TELCO U-Line E0 192.168.20.150 S/T Cable ISDN SWITCH LAN - 192.168.20.0/24 17
- 18. ISDN for Site to Site Configuration 1. BRI interface configurations 2. Dialer commands 3. ISDN Switch Type 4. Access-List 5. Routing 18
- 19. ISDN for Site to Site Configuration HYDERABAD OFFICE Tel: 777777 Tel: 555555 NT1 NT1 BRI0 10.0.0.1 E0 192.168.1.150 CHENNAI OFFICE BRI0 10.0.0.2 E0 192.168.2.150 TELCO LAN - 192.168.1.0/24 LAN - 192.168.2.0/24 19
- 20. 20
- 21. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:> telnet 192.168.20.150 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to ISDN Router 1. Configuring BRI interface 1. Configuring BRI interface ================================ Router(config)#interface bri <no> Router(config)#interface bri <no> User Access Verification Router(config-if)#ip address negotiated Router(config-if)#ip address negotiated password : **** Router(config-if)#no shutdown 2. Authentication Configuration 2. Authentication Configuration Router(config-if)#no shutdown ISDN> enable Router(config-if)#ppp authentication{ppp|hdlc} Router(config-if)#encapsulation pap chap callin Router(config-if)#ppp authentication{ppp|hdlc} pap chap callin password : **** Router(config-if)#encapsulation Router(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username <username> Router(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username <username> ISDN# configure terminal password <password> password <password> Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config-if)#ppp chap hostname <username> Router(config-if)#ppp chap hostname <username> ISDN(config)# interface bri 0 Router(config-if)#ppp chap password <password> Router(config-if)#ppp chap ISDN(config-if)# ip address negotiated password <password> ISDN(config-if)# no shut ISDN(config-if)# encapsulation ppp ISDN(config-if)# ppp authentication pap chap callin ISDN(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username hyd_zoomhyd password zoom123 ISDN(config-if)# ppp chap hostname hyd_zoomhyd ISDN(config-if)# ppp chap password zoom123 21
- 22. ISDN(config-if)# dialer string 172225 ISDN(config-if)# dialer idle-timeout 90 ISDN(config-if)# dialer-group 5 ISDN(config-if)# exitDialer Commands Configuration 3. Dialer Commands Configuration 3. ISDN(config)# isdn switch-type basic-net3 Router(config-if)#dialer string <telephone no. of isp> Router(config-if)#dialer 0 ISDN(config)# interface ethernet string <telephone no. of isp> Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout <seconds> Router(config-if)#dialer ISDN(config-if)# ip nat inside idle-timeout <seconds> Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.> ISDN(config-if)# exitISDN Switch type Configuration 4. ISDN Switch type <group no.> Router(config-if)#dialer-groupConfiguration 4. ISDN(config)# interfaceNATCommands configuration 5. NAT Commands configuration Router(config-if)#exit 5. bri 0 switch-type <switch name> Router(config)#isdn switch-type <switch name> Router(config-if)#exit Router(config)#isdn ISDN(config-if)# ip nat outside ethernet <no> Router(config)#interface ethernet <no> Router(config)#interface ISDN(config-if)# exit Router(config-if)#ip nat inside Router(config-if)#ip nat list for Germany basic-1tr6 1TR6 switch type for Germany ISDN(config)# ip nat inside source inside10 interface bri 0 overload basic-1tr6 1TR6 switch type Router(config-if)#exit Router(config-if)#exit basic-5ess AT&T 5ESS switch type ISDN(config)# access-list 10 5ESS switch type for the U.S. basic-5ess AT&T permit 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 Router(config)#interface BRI <no> for the U.S. Router(config)#interface BRI <no> basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switch type ISDN(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit type basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switch Router(config-if)#ipswitch type for UK, Europe and Asia Router(config-if)#ipswitch type for UK, Europe and Asia basic-net3 NET3 nat outside ISDN(config)# ip routing basic-net3 Access-list Commands configuration NET3 nat outside 6. Access-listISDN switch configuration Router(config-if)#exit Commands basic-ni National Router(config-if)#exit ISDN switch 0 ISDN(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri type basic-ni 6. National type Router(config)#access-list <acl no.>Australia Router(config)#ip nat inside source list <no> Router(config)#access-list <acl no.>Australia basic-ts013 TS013 switch type for <permit/deny> Router(config)#ip nat inside source <permit/deny> ISDN(config)# ip domain-lookupswitch type for list <no> basic-ts013 TS013 <source address> <source wc mask> interface BRI <no> overload Ntt ip name-serverCommands forJapan NTT switchaddress>Japan <source BRI <no> overload interface type Ntt NTT switchtype for <source wc mask> ISDN(config)# 7. Routing Commandsconfiguration 7. Routing 61.0.0.5 configuration ip permit Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol vn3 VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Router(config)#dialer-list switch types for France vn3 VN3 and VN4 ISDN(config)# Router(config)#ip routing <dialer no.> protocol ip permit Router(config)#ip routing Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID> Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID> 7. Miscellaneous Commands (Default) 7. Miscellaneous Commands (Default) <Destination Subnet address> <Destination Subnet address> Router(config)#ip name-server <ipMask> Router(config)#ip name-server <ipMask> <Exit interface type><interface no> <Exit interface type><interface no> 22
- 23. ISDN# show isdn status Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: TEI = 83, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Layer 3 Status: 1 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 1 CCB:callid=8001, sapi=0, ces=1, B-chan=1, calltype=DATA The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000002 Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 1 ISDN# Layer 1 = ACTIVE Layer 1 = ACTIVE Layer 2 = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Layer 2 = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Layer 3 = 1 Active Calls Layer 3 = 1 -- Active Calls Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are fine. Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are fine. 23
- 24. ISDN# show isdn status Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 Layer 1 Status: DEACTIVATED Layer 2 Status: TEI = 83, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = TEI_ASSIGNED Layer 3 Status: 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000003 Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0 ISDN# Layer 1 = DEACTIVATED Layer 1 = DEACTIVATED Layer 2 = TEI_ASSIGNED Layer 2 = TEI_ASSIGNED Layer 3 = 0 Active Calls Layer 3 = 0 -- Active Calls Implies, Layer 1 problem Check Physical Connectivity Implies, Layer 1 problem :: Check Physical Connectivity 24
- 25. ISDN# show isdn status Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: Layer 2 NOT Activated Layer 3 Status: 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000003 Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0 ISDN# Layer 1 = ACTIVE Layer 1 = ACTIVE Layer 2 = NOT Activated Layer 2 = NOT Activated Layer 3 = 0 Active Calls Layer 3 = 0 -- Active Calls Implies, Layer 2 problem Check Encapsulation Implies, Layer 2 problem :: Check Encapsulation 25
- 26. ISDN# show isdn active ------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN ACTIVE CALLS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Call Type Calling Number Called Number Remote Name Seconds Seconds Seconds Charges Used Left Idle Units ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN# 26
- 28. ISDN# show isdn active ------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN ACTIVE CALLS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Call Type Calling Number Called Number Remote Name Seconds Seconds Seconds Charges Used Left Idle Units ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Out 172225 31 59 0 0 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN# show isdn history ------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN CALL HISTORY ------------------------------------------------------------------------History table has a maximum of 100 entries for disconnected calls. History table data is retained for a max of 15 Min for disconnected calls. ------------------------------------------------------------------------Call Calling Called Remote Seconds Seconds Seconds Charges Type Number Number Name Used Left Idle Units ------------------------------------------------------------------------Out 172225 19 0 0 0 Out 23394150 40 0 0 0 Out 27802461 120 0 0 0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISDN# 28
- 29. ISDN# show int bri 0 BRI0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing) Hardware is BRI Internet address is 61.1.177.179/32 MTU 1500 bytes,BW 64 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:15:27 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/16 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 303 packets input, 1614 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 113 packets output, 702 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 12 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 13 carrier transitions 29
- 30. ISDN# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0 C C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 192.168.7.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 61.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 61.1.177.182 is directly connected, BRI0 C 61.1.160.82 is directly connected, BRI0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, BRI0 ISDN# ping www.yahoo.com Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms ISDN# 30
- 31. ISDN# show ip nat translation Pro Inside global Inside local Outside global Outside local ------------------------------------------------------------------------------udp 61.1.177.179:1041 192.168.20.3:1041 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53 udp 61.1.177.179:1043 192.168.20.3:1043 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53 udp 61.1.177.179:1044 192.168.20.3:1044 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53 udp 61.1.177.179:1048 192.168.20.3:1048 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53 udp 61.1.177.179:1052 192.168.20.3:1052 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53 udp 61.1.177.179:1054 192.168.20.3:1054 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53 udp 61.1.177.179:1057 192.168.20.3:1057 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53 tcp 61.1.177.179:1050 192.168.20.3:1050 64.37.246.16:80 64.37.246.16:80 tcp 61.1.177.179:1051 192.168.20.3:1051 64.37.246.16:80 64.37.246.16:80 tcp 61.1.177.179:1039 192.168.20.3:1039 212.165.130.39:80 212.165.130.39:80 tcp 61.1.177.179:1046 192.168.20.3:1046 212.165.130.40:80 212.165.130.40:80 tcp 61.1.177.179:1047 192.168.20.3:1047 212.165.130.40:80 212.165.130.40:80 tcp 61.1.177.179:1042 192.168.20.3:1042 202.54.124.171:80 202.54.124.171:80 tcp 61.1.177.179:1045 192.168.20.3:1045 64.15.251.221:80 64.15.251.221:80 tcp 61.1.177.179:1049 192.168.20.3:1049 64.15.251.221:80 64.15.251.221:80 udp 61.1.177.179:1037 192.168.20.3:1037 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISDN# 31
- 32. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:> telnet 192.168.1.150 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to Hyderabad Router Configuring BRI interface 1. Configuring BRI interface 1. ================================ Router(config)#interface bri <no> Router(config)#interface bri <no> User Access Verification Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask> Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask> 3. ISDN Switch type Configuration 3. ISDN Switch type Configuration password : **** Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config)#isdn switch-type <switch name> Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config)#isdn switch-type <switch name> 2. Dialer Commands Configuration Hyderabad> enable 2. Dialer Commands Configuration Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc} Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc} password : **** Router(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.> Router(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.> basic-1tr6 1TR6 switch type for Germany basic-1tr6 1TR6 switch type for Germany Hyderabad# configure terminal Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout for the U.S. basic-5ess AT&T 5ESSidle-timeout<seconds> Router(config-if)#dialer switch type for the U.S. basic-5ess AT&T 5ESS line. type <seconds> Enter configuration commands, one perswitch switchwith CNTL/Z. End type basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switchno.> Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.> basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 type Router(config-if)#dialer-group 0 Hyderabad(config)# interface briswitch type <groupEurope and Asia basic-net3 NET3 switch typefor UK, Europe and Asia basic-net3 NET3 for UK, Router(config-if)#exit Router(config-if)#exit Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0 basic-ni National ISDN switch type basic-ni National ISDN switch type Hyderabad(config-if)# no shut basic-ts013 TS013 switch type for Australia basic-ts013 TS013 switch type for Australia Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc for Japan Ntt NTT switch type for Japan Ntt NTT switch type vn3 VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Hyderabad(config-if)# dialer stringVN4 switch types for France vn3 VN3 and 555555 Hyderabad(config-if)# dialer-group 5 Hyderabad(config-if)# exit Hyderabad(config)# isdn switch-type basic-net3 32
- 33. Hyderabad(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit Hyderabad(config)# ip routing Hyderabad(config)#4. Access-list Commands configuration10.0.0.2 ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 ^ Hyderabad(config)#4. Access-list Commands configuration permit Z Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip Hyderabad# show ip route Codes: C - connected, 5. Routing CommandsRconfiguration S - static, I - IGRP, - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP 5. Routing Commands configuration D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 Router(config)#ip routing N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 - OSPF NSSA external routing Router(config)#ip type 1, E1 Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID> EGP - OSPF external type route <Destination Network ID> Router(config)#ip 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default <Destination Subnet Mask> <Destination U - per-user static route, o - ODR Subnet Mask> <Next-hop IP address > <Next-hop IP address > Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, BRI0 Hyderabad# 33
- 34. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195] (C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp. C:> telnet 192.168.2.150 Connecting ..... ================================ Welcome to Chennai Router1. Configuring BRI interface 1. Configuring BRI interface ================================ Router(config)#interface bri <no> Router(config)#interface bri <no> User Access Verification Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask> Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask> 3. ISDN Switch type Configuration 3. ISDN Switch type Configuration password : **** Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config)#isdn switch-type <switch name> Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config)#isdn switch-type <switch name> 2. Dialer Commands Configuration Chennai> enable Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc} 2. Dialer Commands Configuration Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc} password : **** Router(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.> Router(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.> basic-1tr6 1TR6 switch type for Germany basic-1tr6 Chennai# configure terminal 1TR6 switch type for Germany Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout for the U.S. basic-5ess AT&T 5ESS switch type for the U.S. Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout<seconds> basic-5ess AT&T 5ESS line. type <seconds> Enter configuration commands, one perswitch switchwith CNTL/Z. End type basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switchno.> Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.> basic-dms100 bri 0 Northern DMS-100 type Router(config-if)#dialer-group Chennai(config)# interface NET3 switch type <groupEurope and Asia basic-net3 for UK, Europe and Asia basic-net3 NET3 switch type for UK, Router(config-if)#exit Router(config-if)#exit Chennai(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0 basic-ni National ISDN switch type basic-ni National ISDN switch type Chennai(config-if)# no shutTS013 switch type for Australia basic-ts013 basic-ts013 TS013 switch type for Australia Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc Ntt NTT switch type for Japan Ntt NTT switch type for Japan vn3 Chennai(config-if)# dialer VN3 and777777 string VN4 switch types for France vn3 VN3 and VN4 switch types for France Chennai(config-if)# dialer-group 5 Chennai(config-if)# exit Chennai(config)# isdn switch-type basic-net3 34
- 35. Chennai(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit Chennai(config)# ip routing Chennai(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 4. Access-list Commands configuration ^ 4. Access-list Commands configuration Chennai(config)# Z Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit Chennai# Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit show ip route Codes: C - connected, 5. Routing CommandsRconfiguration S - static, I - IGRP, - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP 5. Routing Commands configuration D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 Router(config)#ip routing N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 - OSPF NSSA external routing Router(config)#ip type 1, E1 Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID> EGP - OSPF external type route <Destination Network ID> Router(config)#ip 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default <Destination Subnet Mask> <Destination U - per-user static route, o - ODR Subnet Mask> <Exit interface/next hop ip address> <Exit interface/next hop ip address> Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, BRI0 Chennai# 35
- 36. Hyderabad(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit Hyderabad(config)# ip routing Hyderabad(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 Hyderabad(config)# ^Z Hyderabad# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, BRI0 Hyderabad# ping 192.168.2.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms Hyderabad# 36
- 37. Chennai(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permit Chennai(config)# ip routing Chennai(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 Chennai(config)# ^Z Chennai# show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR Gateway of last resort is not set C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1 C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, BRI0 Chennai# ping 192.168.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 ms Chennai# 37