This document is an introduction to a set of 50 flashcards on cardiovascular disease from Knowmedge, an online medical education platform. It provides background on Knowmedge and encourages the user to visit the website to access over 900 internal medicine questions, 4000 flashcards, and 1500 mnemonics to help prepare for medical board exams. The flashcards cover topics like cardiac tumors, cardiomyopathies, valvular heart diseases, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects. The document promotes Knowmedge as an ultimate learning platform for internal medicine and signing up to access over 4000 flashcards.

1. Cardiovascular Disease
Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep
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INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

2. K N O W M E D G E
INTERNALMEDICINEBOARDREVIEWFLASHCARDS
Cardiovascular Disease
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Knowmedge is a medical education learning platform that was launched in April 2013. It features over
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This book contains 50 quick review Cardiovascular Disease flashcards written by the team of
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prepare for your upcoming exam. If you are interested in learning more about Knowmedge, please
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4. What is the most common tumor
involving cardiac valves?
Question 1
Papillary fibroelastoma
Answer 1

5. What is the most common presentation
in patients with papillary fibroelastoma?
Question 2
Embolic phenomenon resulting in TIA,
stroke or MI
Answer 2

6. What is the most common cardiac tumor
in infants?
Question 3
Rhabdomyomas
Answer 3

7. Which is the most common primary
cardiac tumor?
Question 4
Myxomas
Answer 4

8. What is the treatment of choice in
patients with cardiac myxomas?
Question 5
Surgical excision
Answer 5

9. What is the most common cause of
sudden death in young athletes?
Question 6
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Answer 6

10. What is the classic echo finding in
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Question 7
Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
Answer 7

11. Which drug class is contraindicated in
the management of multifocal atrial
tachycardia (MAT)?
Question 8
Beta blockers
Answer 8

12. What is the drug of choice for beta
blocker overdose?
Question 9
IV Glucagon
Answer 9

13. What is the target INR when warfarin is
used as the oral anticoagulant in patients
with atrial fibrillation?
Question 10
2.0 to 3.0
Answer 10

14. As per USPTF, which age group will
benefit the most with daily aspirin 81 mg
for primary prevention of myocardial
infarction?
Question 11
Men aged 45 - 79 yrs
Answer 11

15. Which CYP enzyme polymorphism is
most important in activation of
clopidogrel?
Question 12
CYP2C19
Answer 12

16. What is the target receptor of
thienopyridine drugs?
Question 13
ADP receptors of P2Y12 subtype
Answer 13

17. What is the most significant risk factor of
the thienopyridine drug Ticlopidine?
Question 14
Life-threatening agranulocytosis
Answer 14

18. What is the role of thrombolytic therapy
in spontaneous coronary artery
dissection (SCAD)?
Question 15
Thrombolytic therapy is contraindicated
in SCAD
Answer 15

19. HIT develops due to autoantibodies
against which antigen?
Question 16
Platelet factor 4 present on platelet
surface
Answer 16

20. What is generally the most accurate way
to make a diagnosis of retroperitoneal
bleeding?
Question 17
Emergent noncontrast CT scan of the
abdomen
Answer 17

21. Infarction of which wall most commonly
produces papillary muscle dysfunction?
Question 18
Inferior wall MI
Answer 18

22. Which drug is contraindicated in patient
of erectile dysfunction on
phosphodiesterase inhibitors?
Question 19
Nitrates
Answer 19

23. Which drug is used to prevent
scleroderma renal crisis?
Question 20
ACE Inhibitors
Answer 20

24. Which antifibrotic agent is used in
treatment of systemic sclerosis?
Question 21
D-penicillamine
Answer 21

25. Which drug when used in treatment of
pericarditis can lead to relapse or
recurrent pericarditis?
Question 22
Steroids
Answer 22

26. For bare-mental stents, the minimum
duration of dual antiplatelet therapy
(aspirin and clopidogrel) is _____
month(s) post-stent implantation.
Question 23
1 month
Answer 23

27. If elective noncardiac surgery is
recommended for a patient with recent
bare metal stenting, it should be delayed
until ____ weeks after the stent was
placed.
Question 24
4 weeks
Answer 24

28. According to ACCP guidelines on
antithrombotic therapy recommend
resuming aspirin approximately ___
hours after surgery when there is
adequate hemostasis.
Question 25
24 hours (or the next morning)
Answer 25

29. Which drug is used to coat DES?
Question 26
Sirolimus
Answer 26

30. What is the minimum duration of double
antiplatelet therapy in case of drug
eluting stents?
Question 27
At least 12 months
Answer 27

31. How long should clopidogrel be
continued when a patient with chronic
stable angina undergoes a PCI with
placement of a bare metal stent?
Question 28
At least 1 month
Answer 28

32. How long after PCI should aspirin be
continued?
Question 29
Indefinitely
Answer 29

33. How is risk stratification done in patients
with unstable angina?
Question 30
Stress testing & TIMI score
Answer 30

34. What is the target INR for mechanical
MV prosthesis?
Question 31
2.5 to 3.5 maintained indefinitely
Answer 31

35. What is the treatment of choice for
patients with MVP who develop
transient ischemic attacks?
Question 32
Aspirin
Answer 32

36. What is the treatment of choice in a
symptomatic patient with severe MS &
MR?
Question 33
Mitral valve replacement
Answer 33

37. What is the treatment of choice in a
pregnant woman with symptomatic
mitral stenosis?
Question 34
Percutaneous Mitral Balloon
Valvuloplasty (PMBV)
Answer 34

38. Hemoptysis is associated with which
valvular heart disease?
Question 35
Mitral stenosis
Answer 35

39. What is the maximal predicted heart rate
during a cardiac stress test?
Question 36
220 - age in years
Answer 36

40. What are the 4 pharmacological
stressors which can be used in stress
test?
Question 37
Dobutamine, adenosine, dipyridamole,
regadenoson
Answer 37

41. Which is the initial diagnostic test to
confirm MR?
Question 38
Echocardiography
Answer 38

42. What is the most common mutation
seen in patients with HOCM?
Question 39
Beta-myosin heavy chain mutations
Answer 39

43. How do you prevent sudden death in
high risk patients of HOCM?
Question 40
ICD implantation
Answer 40

44. What is the most common congenital
heart valve defect?
Question 41
Bicuspid aortic valve disease
Answer 41

45. What is the characterisic pulse felt in
patients with aortic stenosis?
Question 42
Pulsus parvus et tardus
Answer 42

46. What is the most common congenital
cyanotic heart disease?
Question 43
Tetrology of Fallot
Answer 43

47. What are the four components of
tetrology of Fallot?
Question 44
- VSD
- overriding aorta
- pulmonary stenosis
- right ventricular hypertrophy
Answer 44

48. Continuous machinery like murmur is
seen with which congenital heart
disease?
Question 45
Patent ductus arteriosus
Answer 45

49. Which maternal infection predisposes
her fetus to develop PDA?
Question 46
Maternal rubella
Answer 46

50. Which drug causes closure of small
PDAs?
Question 47
NSAIDs like indomethacin
Answer 47

51. Which murmurs decrease with squatting
and passive leg raise?
Question 48
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral
valve prolapse
Answer 48

52. Which cardiac condition presents with
fixed split of second heart sound?
Question 49
Atrial septal defect
Answer 49

53. What is the most common type of atrial
septal defect (ASD)?
Question 50
Ostium secundum defect
Answer 50

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