This document provides a summary of a 50-question hematology flashcard set from Knowmedge, an online medical education platform. It includes flashcards on topics like types of anemia, electrolyte abnormalities, porphyrias, hemolytic diseases, thalassemias, and treatments for conditions like myelodysplasia, aplastic anemia, and sickle cell disease. The document encourages the user to visit Knowmedge.com for more flashcards and medical education resources to help prepare for board exams. It notes that passing board exams is an important step on the journey to becoming a physician.

1. Hematology
Includes 50 Flashcards for Board Exam prep
www.knowmedge.com
INTERNAL MEDICINE BOARD REVIEW FLASHCARDS

2. K N O W M E D G E
INTERNALMEDICINEBOARDREVIEWFLASHCARDS
Hematology
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4. What solid cancer are patients with
allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants
at risk of developing?
Question 1
Oral cancers
Answer 1

5. Phenytoin use causes anemia due to
deficiency of what substance?
Question 2
Folic Acid
Answer 2

6. Chronic isoniazid use causes deficiency
of what vitamin?
Question 3
Vitamin B 6
Answer 3

7. What are the levels of MCV,
homocysteine and methylmalonic acid in
Vitamin B6 deficiency?
Question 4
MCV is normal, homocysteine levels are
elevated and methylmalonic acid levels
are normal
Answer 4

8. Which myeloproliferative disorder has
the highest risk of transformation into
acute leukemia?
Question 5
Chronic myeloid leukemia. May
accelerate and transform to AML or ALL
(blast crisis)
Answer 5

9. What is the single most accurate test for
diagnosing alpha thalassemia?
Question 6
Genetic studies (DNA PCR)
Answer 6

10. Which is the best initial test to diagnose
sickle cell disease?
Question 7
Peripheral blood smear
Answer 7

11. What is the treatment of choice for M3
subtype of AML (aPML)?
Question 8
ATRA + Daunorubicin
Answer 8

12. What is the standard post-remission
monitoring of acute promyelocytic
leukemia?
Question 9
Sequential monitoring of RT-PCR for
t(15;17)
Answer 9

13. DIC is a common presentation of which
subtype of AML?
Question 10
AML M3 (APL)
Answer 10

14. What does the iron panel (Iron, Ferritin,
Transferrin saturation, TIBC) look like in
anemia of chronic disease ?
Question 11
Low iron, high ferritin, high transferrin
saturation, low TIBC
Answer 11

15. What kind of anemia is common in
chronic inflammatory conditions ?
Question 12
Anemia of chronic disease
Answer 12

16. What does the iron panel (Iron, Ferritin,
Transferrin saturation, TIBC) look like
with iron deficiency anemia ?
Question 13
Low iron, Low ferritin, Low transferrin
saturation, High TIBC
Answer 13

17. What condition is associated with ATP7B
gene?
Question 14
Wilson's Disease
Answer 14

18. True or False: Wilson's disease is an
exacerbating condition for porphyria
cutanea tarda (PCT).
Question 15
False; Wilson's disease is not an
exacerbating condition for PCT.
Answer 15

19. True or False: Estrogen use, Chronic
alcohol use, Hemochromatosis, and
Hepatitis C infection are all exacerbating
conditions for PCT.
Question 16
True
Answer 16

20. Patients whose lab results show either
elevated PT or PTT levels and who are
not on anticoagulation should have a
____________ study completed
Question 17
1:1 mixing study
Answer 17

21. If the mixing study corrects the PT or
PTT, what would this indicate?
Question 18
This would indicate that the patient has
a factor deficiency.
Answer 18

22. What condition is described here?
"Condition that is associated with
BCR/ABL fusion gene on cytogenetic
testing"
Question 19
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
Answer 19

23. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
will usually cause an (elevated or
depressed?) LAP level
Question 20
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
will usually cause a depressed LAP level
Answer 20

24. How long should heparin be continue to
be used for at least __ hours until two
consecutive INR readings are greater
than or equal to __?
Question 21
48 hours; 2.0
Answer 21

25. What are the most common and second
most common forms of porphyria?
Question 22
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and Acute
intermittent porphyria (AIP)
Answer 22

26. This most common porphyria is
characterized by onycholysis and
blistering of the skin generally in areas
that are exposed to higher levels of
sunlight.
Question 23
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)
Answer 23

27. This second most common porphyria is a
rare autosomal dominant metabolic
disorder in which the porphobilinogen
deaminase enzyme is deficient.
Question 24
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)
Answer 24

28. What electrolyte is low with syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
(SIADH)?
Question 25
Sodium; Low sodium levels is known as
hyponatremia
Answer 25

29. What electrolyte is low with primary
hypoparathyroidism?
Question 26
Calcium; Low calcium levels is known as
hypocalcemia.
Answer 26

30. What electrolyte is low with renal
tubular acidosis type 1 and 2?
Question 27
Potassium; Low potassium levels is
known as hypokalemia.
Answer 27

31. What electrolyte is low with primary
hyperparathyroidism?
Question 28
Phosphorous; Low phosphorous levels is
known as hypophosphatemia.
Answer 28

32. Late hemolytic reactions tend to have a
(negative or positive?) Coomb’s test
result
Question 29
Negative
Answer 29

33. Early hemolytic reactions due to ABO
incompatibility generally result in a
(negative or positive?) Coomb’s test.
Question 30
Positive
Answer 30

34. Which is the only type of microcytic
anemia associated with increased iron
levels?
Question 31
Sideroblastic anemia
Answer 31

35. Microcytic anemia associated with an
abnormal or slightly increased
erythrocyte count is seen with which
disease?
Question 32
Beta thalassemia
Answer 32

36. What is the treatment for
myelodysplasia with 5q syndrome?
Question 33
Lenalidomide
Answer 33

37. What kind of anemia (microcytic or
macrocytic or normocytic) does
myelodysplasia present with?
Question 34
Macroctyic anemia
Answer 34

38. What is the treatment for
myelodysplasia without 5q syndrome?
Question 35
Azacitidine
Answer 35

39. Which kind of macrocytic anemia does
alcohol abuse more commonly result in?
Question 36
Macrocytic anemia due to folate
deficiency
Answer 36

40. Environmental exposure to nitrous
oxide/laughing gas can cause which kind
of macrocytic anemia?
Question 37
Macrocytic anemia due to B12
deficiency. Nitrous oxide inactivates
Vitamin B12
Answer 37

41. What is the target hemoglobin level
while treating patients of anemia of
chronic kidney disease with EPO?
Question 38
11-12 g/dL
Answer 38

42. Which is the most common infection
preceeding aplastic anemia?
Question 39
Hepatitis
Answer 39

43. What cause is suggested by aplastic
anemia associated with Café au lait spots
and short stature?
Question 40
Fanconi's anemia
Answer 40

44. What is the best therapy for aplastic
anemia in a young patient?
Question 41
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Answer 41

45. What is the most accurate test for
diagnosing beta thalassemia?
Question 42
Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Answer 42

46. What is the cause of microcytic anemia
with normal iron studies?
Question 43
Thalassemia
Answer 43

47. How is Cooley's anemia managed?
Question 44
Chronic transfusion lifelong
Answer 44

48. Which of the following therapies for
sickle cell disease is contraindicated in
pregnancy? Hydroxyurea, folic acid,
oxycodone, acetaminophen, exchange
transfusion
Question 45
Hydroxyurea
Answer 45

49. What is the most common manifestation
of HbSC disease?
Question 46
Visual problems like retinopathy
Answer 46

50. Which of the following is not associated
with increased reticulocyte count? Acute
blood loss, PNH, Iron deficiency anemia,
Hereditary spherocytosis
Question 47
Iron deficiency anemia
Answer 47

51. How much time is required by
reticulocytes in circulation to transform
into mature RBCs?
Question 48
1 day
Answer 48

52. How does metformin affect vitamin B12?
Question 49
Metformin may hinder absorption of
vitamin B12 in the terminal ileum
Answer 49

53. Alcohol use can lead to which deficiency
associated with elevated MCV?
Question 50
Folate deficiency
Answer 50

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