2.
INDONESIA
Capital: Jakarta
Form of government: Elected Legislature and President
Indonesia is a country with a vast natural beauty stretching from
Sabang to Merauke. It is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and
Oceania and is an archipelago comprising 13,466 islands. It
encompasses 33 provinces and 1 Special Administrative Region (for
being governed by a pre-colonial monarchy) with over 238 million
people, making it the world's fourth most populous country.
introduction
3. Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct
native ethnic and linguistic groups.
A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language,
ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim
population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it.
Despite its large population and densely populated regions,
Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's
second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant
natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread.
Javanese – largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group
Motto: "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"),
articulates the diversity that shapes the country
introduction
4. The Architecture of Indonesia reflects the diversity of cultural,
historical and geographic influences that have shaped Indonesia
as a whole. Invaders, colonizers, missionaries, merchants and
traders brought cultural changes that had a profound effect on
building styles and techniques. Traditionally, the most significant
foreign influence has been Indian. However, Chinese, Arab—
and since the 18th and 19th centuries—European influences
have played significant roles too in shaping Indonesian
architecture.
adfrgnbc
Architecture of
Indonesia
7.
The climate of Indonesia is almost entirely tropical.
Temperature varies little from season to season, and
Indonesia experiences relatively little change in the length
of daylight hours from one season to the next; the
difference between the longest day and the shortest
day of the year is only forty-eight minutes. This allows
crops to be grown all year round.
climate
8.
Influence to Architecture
Row houses, canals and enclosed solid walls - first thought as
protection against tropical diseases coming from tropical air, years
later the Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with local
building features (long eaves, verandahs, porticos, large windows
and ventilation openings)
The sharply inclined roof allows the heavy tropical rain to quickly
sheet off, and large overhanging eaves keep water out of the
house and provide shade in the heat. In hot and humid-low lying
coastal regions, homes can have many windows providing good
cross-ventilation, whereas in cooler mountainous interior areas,
homes often have a vast roof and few windows.
climate
9.
Influence to Architecture
The Indo-European hybrid villa of the 19th century was among the
first colonial buildings to incorporate Indonesian architectural
elements and attempt adapting to the climate. The basic form,
such as the longitudinal organizations of spaces and use of joglo
and limasan roof structures, was Javanese, but incorporated
European decorative elements such as neo-classical columns
around deep verandahs.
climate
10.
11.
Indonesia is an archipelagic island country in Southeast Asia, lying
between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is in a strategic
location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific
Ocean. The country's variations in culture have been shaped—
although not specifically determined—by centuries of complex
interactions with the physical environment. Although Indonesians are
now less vulnerable to the effects of nature as a result of improved
technology and social programs, to some extent their social diversity
has emerged from traditionally different patterns of adjustment to
their physical circumstances.
geography
12.
Influence to Architecture
Building houses off the ground allows breezes to moderate the hot
tropical temperatures; it elevates the dwelling above storm water
runoff and mud; it allows houses to be built on rivers and wetland
margins; it keeps people, goods and food from dampness and
moisture; lifts living quarters above malaria-carrying mosquitos;
and reduces the risk of dry rot and termites.
The sharply inclined roof allows the heavy tropical rain to quickly
sheet off, and large overhanging eaves keep water out of the
house and provide shade in the heat.
geography
13.
Influence to Architecture
In hot and humid low-lying coastal regions, homes can have many
windows providing good cross-ventilation, whereas in cooler
mountainous interior areas, homes often have a vast roof and few
windows. Traditional buildings in Indonesia are built on stilts with
oversized saddle roofs which have been the home of the Batak and
the Toraja.
geography
14.
The first principle of Indonesia's philosophical foundation,
Pancasila, is "belief in the one and only God".
A number of different religions are practiced in the country, and
their collective influence on the country's political, economic and
cultural life is significant.
The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion.
religion
15.
The government only recognizes six official religions (Islam,
Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and
Confucianism).
Indonesian law requires that every Indonesian citizen hold
an identity card that identifies that person with one of these six
religions, although citizens may be able to leave that section
blank.
agnosticism or atheism, and blasphemy is illegal.
religion
16.
17.
Influence to Architecture
Architecture in Indonesia focuses on defining terms that relate to
their religions such as; Islam, Buddhist, early Indonesia Hindu, and
Balinese Hindu.
They make representations of religious sculptures, carvings, and
temples. It is important to realize that the Indonesian forms of the
above religions have been adapted to accommodate pre-existing
Indonesian beliefs and customs and that this is evident in the
religious architecture found in Indonesia today.
Architectural heritage influences by religious are commonly found
in Java.
religion
19.
Although religious architecture has been widespread in
Indonesia, the most significant was developed in Java. The
island's long tradition of religious syncretism extended to
architecture, which fostered uniquely Javanese styles of
Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic, and to a lesser extent, Christian
architecture.
religious architecture
20. • Candi = Religious structures
- large and sophisticated,
tower-like structures
- built in Java during the peak
of Indonesia’s Great Hindu-Buddhist
Kingdoms (18th-14th Century)
The earliest surviving Hindu temples in
Java are at the Dieng Plateau, thought
to have originally numbered as many as
400, only 8 remain today.
* Dieng Structures
- small and relatively plain
But architecture developed substantially
and just 100 years later the second
Kingdom of Mataram built the
Prambanan complex near Yogyakarta;
considered largest and finest example
of Hindu architecture in Java.
Complek Candi Arjuna
21. Candi Prambanan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
The origin of Buddhist
and Hindu temple are
built of stone, which is
raised on a basement
and surmounted by a
stepped pyramidal
roof, ornamented with
relics. In symbolic
terms, the building is as
a representation of the
legendary Mount
Meru, which in Hindu-
Buddhist mythology is
identified as the
residence of the gods.
22. • Buddhist monument, Borobudur
- a World Heritage site
- built by the Sailendra Dynasty
between 750 and 850 AD, but it was
abandoned shortly after its completion
as a result of the decline of Buddhism
and a shift of power to eastern Java.
- contains a vast number of
intricate carvings that tell a story as one
moves through to the upper levels,
metaphorically reaching enlightenment.
With the decline of the Mataram
Kingdom, eastern Java became the
focus of religious architecture with an
exuberant style reflecting Shaivist,
Buddhist and Javanese influences; a
fusion that was characteristic of religion
throughout Java.
24. The Majapahit Era
• The use of bricks in Indonesia’s
Classical Era
– mastered by the Majapahit
builders, using a mortar of vine sap and
palm sugar
• Temples of Majapahit
- have a strong geometrical
quality with a sense of verticality
achieved through the use of numerous
horizontal lines often with an almost
art-deco sense of streamlining and
proportion
Majapahit influences can be seen today
in the enormous number of Hindu
temples of varying sizes spread
throughout Bali. Although they have
elements in common with global Hindu
styles, they are of a style largely unique
to Bali and owe much to the Majapahit
era.
Majapahit Hindu Temple
25. Mosques
(15th Century)
Islam had become the dominant religion
in Java and Sumatra, Indonesia's two
most populous islands; absorbed and
reinterpreted, with mosques given a
unique Indonesian/Javanese
interpretation.
Javanese Mosques
- took many design cues from
Hindu, Buddhist, and even Chinese
architectural influences
- lacked, for example, the
ubiquitous Islamic dome which did not
appear in Indonesia until the 19th century,
- had tall timber, multi-level
roofs similar to the pagodas of Balinese
Hindu temples still common today
Menara Kudus Mosque in Kudus
Sultan Suriansyah Mosque in Banjarmasin
26. Mosques
(19th Century)
- sultanates of Indonesian
archipelago began to adopt and absorb
foreign influences of Islamic architecture
- The Indo-Islamic and Moorish
style are particularly favoured
as displayed in Banda Aceh Baiturrahman
Grand Mosque built in 1881, and Medan
Grand Mosque built in 1906
- mosques have tended to be
built in styles more consistent with global
Islamic styles, which mirror the trend in
Indonesia towards more orthodox
practice of Islam
Bandah Aceh Baiturrahman Grand Mosque
Medan Grand Mosque
27. Gala Mosque, Tembayat
- the oldest mosque in Java that
survives through time
- one of the examples of Indo-
Javanese culture style “top of the hill
building” – one characteristic of the
Hindu-Buddhist religious buildings in Java,
while the tick wall was influenced from
Gujarati architecture and the “tajug”
wooden-tile roof structure was from
Javanese traditional architecture
- set as the Objects of Cultural
Property (Tangible Heritage) by the
Indonesian Institute for Preservation of
Archaeological Heritage (BP3) based on
Law No. 5 year 1992
Gala Mosque
28. Traditional and vernacular architecture in Indonesia originates from
two sources. One is the great Hindu tradition brought to Indonesia
from India via Java. The second is an indigenous architecture pre-
dating the Hindu epic.
It has its own unique form because Indonesia has 33 provinces; each of
Indonesia’s ethnic groups has its own distinctive form of the
traditional vernacular architecture, known as Rumah adat.
Traditional Indonesian homes are not architect designed, rather
villagers build their own homes, or community will their resources for
a structure built under the direction of a master builder and/or a
carpenter.
traditional and vernacular
architecture
29. Rumah Adat
- Rumah adat or Custom
House is at the center of a web of
customs, social relations, traditional
taboos, myths, and religions that
villagers together.
- The house provides the
focus for the family and its
and is the point of departure for
activities of its residents.
Characteristics
• timber construction,
• varied and elaborate roof
• longhouses on stilts
• steep sloping roofs and heavy
• Built on stilts except for Java and
Rumah Adat Batak
Construction System:
• post, beam and lintel
structural system with either
wooden or bamboo walls that
are non-load bearing
• rather than nails, mortis and
tenon joints and wooden
pegs are used
30. Some of the more significant and distinctive rumah adat include:
• Batak architecture (North Sumatra) includes the boat-shaped jabu homes of the
Toba Batak people, with dominating carved gables and dramatic oversized roof,
and is based on an ancient model.
• The Minangkabau of West Sumatra builds the rumah gadang, distinctive for their
multiple gables with dramatically upsweeping ridge ends.
• The homes of Nias peoples include the omo sebua chiefs' houses built on massive
ironwood pillars with towering roofs. Not only are they almost impregnable to
attack in former tribal warfare, but flexible nail-less construction provide proven
earthquake durability.
• Rumah Melayu Malay traditional houses built on stilts of Sumatra, Borneo and Malay
Borneo and Malay Peninsula.
• The Riau region is characterized by villages built on stilts over waterways.
• Unlike most South East Asian vernacular homes, Javanese joglo are not built on
piles, and have become the Indonesian vernacular style most influenced by
European architectural elements.
31. • The Bubungan Tinggi, with their steeply pitched roofs, is the large homes
of Banjarese royalty and aristocrats in South Kalimantan.
• Traditional Balinese homes are a collection of individual; largely open structures
(including separate structures for the kitchen, sleeping areas, bathing areas and
shrine) within a high-walled garden compound.
• The Sasak people of Lombok build lumbung, pile-built bonnet-roofed rice barns,
that are often more distinctive and elaborate than their houses.
• Dayak people traditionally live in communal longhouses that are built on piles. The
houses can exceed 300 m in length, in some cases forming a whole village.
• The Toraja of the Sulawesi highlands are renowned for their tongkonan, houses
built on piles and dwarfed by massive exaggerated-pitch saddle roofs.
• Rumah adat on Sumba have distinctive thatched "high hat" roofs and are wrapped
wrapped with sheltered verandahs.
• The Papuan Dani traditionally live in small family compounds composed of several
circular huts known as honay with thatched dome roofs.
32.
33.
Istana (or "palace") architecture of the various kingdoms and
realms of Indonesia is more often than not based on the
vernacular and domestic styles of the area. Royal courts, however,
were able to develop much grander and elaborate versions of this
traditional architecture.
palace architecture
34. Javanese Kraton (Keraton – Javanese
Royal palace)
Characteristics:
• large pendopos (pavilion) of the
joglo roof form
• with tumpang sari ornamentation
that are elaborate but based on
common Javanese forms.
Gala Mosque
Joglo Roof Frame
35. The omo sebua ("chief's house") in Bawomataluo, Nias
- is an enlarged version of the homes in the village
36. The palaces of the Balinese such as
the Puri Agung in Gianyar use the
traditional bale form, and the
Pagaruyung Palace is a three-storey
version of the Minangkabau Rumah
Gadang.
Pagaruyung Palace
Puri Agung
37. Rumah gadang (Minangkabau: "big
house") or rumah bagonjong
(Minangkabau: "spired roof house")
- traditional homes
(Indonesian: "rumah adat") of the
Minangkabau. The architecture,
construction, internal and external
decoration, and the functions of the
house reflect the culture and values of
the Minangkabau.
- A rumah gadang serves as a
residence, a hall for family meetings,
and for ceremonial activities. In the
matrilineal Minangkabau society,
the rumah gadang is owned by the
women of the family who live there;
ownership is passed from mother to
daughter.
Two basic designs (reflect two variations
of Minangkabau social structure):
• The koto piliang design reflects an
aristocratic and hierarchical social
structure, with the house containing
anjuang (raised floors) at each end to
permit elevated seating of clan
leaders during ceremonial events.
• The bodi caniago design reflects a
democratic social structure, with the
floors being flat and on one level.
38. Architectural Elements of Rumah Gadang
Each element of a rumah gadang has its own symbolic meaning, which is referred to in
adapt speech and aphorisms. The elements of a rumah gadang include:
• gonjong, hornlike roof structure
• singkok, triangular wall under the ends of gonjong
• pereng, shelf under the singkok
• anjuang, raised floor at the end of one style of rumah gadang
• dindiang ari, the walls on the side elevations
• dindiang tapi, the walls on the front and back elevations
• papan banyak, front façade
• papan sakapiang, a shelf or middle band on the periphery of the house
house
• salangko, wall enclosing space under a house that has been built on stilt
stilt
39. Some symbolisms of the house:
• relate to the gonjong reaching to god
• dindiang tapi, which is traditionally made of plaited strips of bamboo, symbolizing
symbolizing the strength and utility of the community which is formed when
individual
Minangkabau become part of the larger community instead of standing alone.
The pillars of the ideal rumah gadang are arranged in five rows which run the length of
the house. These rows divide the interior into four long spaces called lanjar.
The lanjar at the rear of the house is divided into bedrooms (ruang). According to adat,
a rumah gadang must have at least five ruang, and the ideal number is nine. The
other lanjar are used as a common area, called the labuah gajah (elephant road), for
living and ceremonial events.
A number of rice barns (rangkiang) ideally accompany a rumah gadang, with each
having a different name and function. The rangkiang sitinjau lauik, contains rice for the
family, particularly for adat ceremonies. The rangkiang sitangka lapa contains rice for
donation to poor villagers and for times of famine in the village. The rangkiang sibayau-
bayaucontains rice for the daily needs of the family.
40.
16th and 17th centuries
- arrival of European powers in Indonesia who used masonry for much of
their construction.
- One of the first major Dutch settlements was Batavia (later named
Jakarta) which in the 17th and 18th centuries was a fortified brick and masonry city.
- the Dutch learnt to adapt their architectural style with local building
features (long eaves, verandahs, porticos, large windows and ventilation openings)
The Indo-European hybrid villa of the 19th century was among the first colonial
buildings to incorporate Indonesian architectural elements and attempt
adapting to the climate. The basic form, such as the longitudinal organization
of spaces and use of joglo and limasan roof structures, was Javanese, but it
incorporated European decorative elements such as neo-classical columns
around deep verandahs.
colonial architecture
42. *Java
Indo-European homes
- Indonesian houses with
European trims
In Early 20th Century
- European buildings with
Indonesian trims
- Practical measures carried over
from the earlier Indo-European hybrids,
which responded to the Indonesian
climate, included overhanging eaves,
larger windows and ventilation in the
walls
End of 19th Century
- improvements to technology,
communications and transportation
- Modernistic buildings required
for such development appeared in great
numbers, and were heavily influenced by
international styles – includes train
stations, business hotels, factories and
office blocks, hospitals and education
institutions
43. *Bali
-Colonial rule was never as
extensive as it was in Java
— it was only in 1906, for example, that
the Dutch gained full control of the
island—and consequently the island only
has a limited stock of colonial architecture
- The hill town of Munduk, a
town amongst plantations established by
the Dutch, is Bali's only other significant
group of colonial architecture; a number
of mini mansions in the Balinese-Dutch
style still survive.
Native architecture was arguably more
influenced by the new European ideas
than colonial architecture was influenced
by Indonesian styles; and these Western
elements continue to be a dominant
influence on Indonesia's built
environment todayArt-Deco House Bandung
44.
Early twentieth century modernisms are still very evident across much of
Indonesia, again mostly in Java
1930s world depression was devastating to Java, and was followed by
another decade of war, revolution and struggle, which restricted the
development of the built environment
the Javanese art-deco style from the 1920s became the root for the first
Indonesian national style in the 1950s
The politically turbulent 1950s meant that the new but bruised Indonesia
was neither able to afford or focused to follow the new international
movements such as modernist brutalism
post independence
architecture
45. “Let us prove that we can also build the country like the Europeans and
Americans do because we are equal” – Sukarno
Despite the new country's economic woes, government-funded major
projects were undertaken in the modernist style, particularly in the
capital Jakarta. Reflecting President Sukarno's political views, the architecture is
openly nationalistic and strives to show the new nation’s pride in itself. Projects
approved by Sukarno, himself a civil engineer who had acted as an architect,
include:
• A clover-leaf highway.
• A broad by-pass in Jakarta (Jalan Sudirman).
• Four high-rise hotels including the famous Hotel Indonesia.
• A new parliament building.
• The 127 000-seat Bung Karno Stadium.
• Numerous monuments including The National Monument.
• Istiqlal Mosque, Jakarta the largest mosque in Southeast Asia.
46. • 1950s jengki style
- so named after Indonesian references to the American armed forces as
'yankee', was a distinctive Indonesian architectural style that emerged. The
modernist cubic and strict geometric forms that the Dutch had used before World
War II were transformed into more complicated volumes, such as pentagons or
other irregular solids. This architecture is an expression of the political spirit of
freedom among the Indonesians.
• The International Style dominated in Indonesia in the 1970s, as it did in much of
the rest of the world
• The 1970s saw the Indonesian government promote indigenous Indonesian
forms. Constructed in 1975, the Taman Mini Indonesia Indah theme park re-
created over twenty buildings of exaggerated proportions to showcase
Indonesian traditional vernacular forms.
• By the 1980s in particular, most public buildings were built with exaggerated
elements of traditional vernacular forms.
48. The 1970s, 1980s and 1990s saw foreign investment and economic growth;
large construction booms brought major changes to Indonesian cities,
including the replacement of the early twentieth styles with late modern and
postmodern styles
Many new buildings are clad with shiny glass surfaces to reflect the tropical
sun. Architectural styles are influenced by developments in architecture
internationally, including the introduction of deconstructivism architecture.
Following the pattern of colonial architecture in Malaysia and Singapore,
architects in the former Dutch East Indies relieved heavily on imported
European models for their public buildings, clubs and churches
In residential Architecture, producing a growing number of fine houses
based on indigenous idioms, sometimes blended with colonial or modern
themes.
contemporary
architecture
49. Institute of Technology, Bandung, Jakarta
(1920) by Henri Maclaine Pont,
- first on a series of remarkable
buildings, based on meticulous study of
regional traditions
Incorporated indigenous features:
• timber houses-on-stilts of the
Minangkabau region in Sumatra, with
their distinctive peaked
• suspended roofs
• Javanese Kratons, or royal palaces
Consists a cluster of pavilions set around
small courtyards and interconnected with
shaded colonnades with stout columns
made of uncut stone. The multi-layered
roofing provides ventilation in the gaps
between the layers, as well as their high
peaks, while the open structure at ground
level provides further movement of air.
50. AULA – Main hall
An impressive and an imposed structure
of giant parabolic beams of laminated
wood bound with iron clamps.
51. Catholic Church, Pohsarang, Java (1937)
Pont’s last work in the region.
Surrounded by a series of stepped walled
courtyards and gateways, rising up
towards the church in the fashion of
Hindu temple-platforms of Java, the main
body consists of a five cornered cupola,
made up of bent timber rafters
converging on a key piece at the apex,
between which is suspended a composite
“roofnet” of steel cables and lattice
timber frameworks, supporting clay roof
tiles. Overhead windows with
overlapping, open panes of glass ensure
adequate light and ventilation at the
apex. The Cupola, like ancillary structures,
was originally open at ground level in the
fashion of the indigenous pendopo, or
open pillared hall, commonly used for
dance and dramas. It has since been
walled in, to the detriment of design.
52.
The difference of Western and Indonesian architecture according to
Dutch architect is correlation between building and people. Western
architecture (occidental) is a totality construction, while Indonesian’s
have been developed as subjective matter, elementary, with
preferring outside appearance especially front façade. The natural
condition between the sub-tropical Netherlands and wet-tropical
Indonesia is also the main consideration of Dutch buildings in
Indonesia
54.
Birthday: 16 December 1912, Bonandolok , North Sumatra
An opzichter / architect initial generation in the
country Indonesia . He is a self-taught architect. Formal education
only at STM (Technical High School) but persistence led to several
design wins architectural competition, so it's profession recognize
him as an architect
plays a major role in the formation of the Association of Indonesian
Architects (IAI)
Frederich Silaban
55. Architectural projects
Building Nommensen University - Field ( 1982 )
Bung Karno Stadium - Jakarta ( 1962 )
House A Lie Hong - Bogor ( 1968 )
West Irian Liberation monument - Jakarta ( 1963 )
Headquarters Air Force - Jakarta ( 1962 )
Building Patterns - Jakarta ( 1962 )
BNI Building 1946 - Field ( 1962 )
Tower Bung Karno Jakarta - 1960-1965 (unbuilt)
National Monument / Tugu Monas - Jakarta ( 1960 )
BNI Building 1946 - Jakarta ( 1960 )
BLLD Building, Bank Indonesia, Jalan Kebun Betel - Jakarta ( 1960 )
Head Office of Bank Indonesia , Jalan Thamrin - Jakarta ( 1958 )
Private home Friderich Silaban - Bogor ( 1958 )
Istiqlal Mosque - Jakarta ( 1954 )
Frederich Silaban win the contest of making picture mockups mosque with the motto
(password) " Godhead "is then in charge of making the overall design of the Istiqlal. Istiqlal is also the
largest mosque in Southeast Asia in the 1970s
Frederich Silaban
56. Architectural projects
Bentol Building - West Java ( 1954 )
This building is part of Cipanas Presidential Palace located at the top of the lane
highways, West Java and is located right behind the main building and stood in the plain over the
other buildings. The building is often referred to as the Soekarno for inspiration called Building
Bentol because all the walls are affixed to natural stone that makes an impression bump-bump
Kalibata Heroes Cemetery gate - Jakarta ( 1953 )
Cibalagung Campus, College of Agricultural Extension (STPP) / Secondary Agricultural School
(SPMA) - Bogor ( 1953 )
Agricultural schools have spawned a number of veteran leaders in various fields. Some
of them even served as minister. Though the school is now a century old is a true "churning" to the
agents and technicians in the field of agriculture.
Home Office Mayor - Bogor ( 1952 )
Office of Fisheries - Bogor ( 1951 )
Equator monument - Pontianak ( 1938 )
This monument was first built in 1928 by a geographer nationality Netherlands. Rebuilt in
1938 and refined by Frederich Silaban. In 1990 built a duplicate with the size 5 times more likely to
protect the equator of the original monument. Development of the latter was inaugurated on 21
September 1991
Frederich Silaban
57. Bung Karno Stadium - Jakarta ( 1962 )National Monument / Tugu Monas - Jakarta ( 1960 )Istiqlal Mosque - Jakarta ( 1954 )Equator monument - Pontianak ( 1938 )
58. Herbowo is an Indonesian architect and administrator
Graduated from ITB Institute Technology Bandung in 1960
Post Graduated in 1962 from Copenhagen
President of Indonesia Soeharto cq Home Ministerto become Vice of Head
Government of Jakarta Capital City of Indonesia during 1988.
After graduating from Copenhagen, Herbowo started to work at Pulo Mas
together with Ir Radinal Moochtar and Ir Kandar Tisnawinata, in a
company owned by the Government of Jakarta Capital City of Indonesia,
later becoming Head of Director at IV during Governor Ali Sadikin dan
Head of BAPPEDA. He introduced Route 3 in 1 in Jakarta Capital City.
Ir Herbowo
59. He is an architect and urban planner by training
graduated from Parahyangan Catholic University.
As a journalist, Marco covers urban issues in Indonesia for Aikon
Foundation and other publications.
He initiated his country's Green Map network in 2002, shortly after
publishing the first Jakarta Green Map. Today, he has published 3 Jakarta
Green Maps & assisted another 8 published nationally. He is also
developing the Asia Mapmakers network.
He is taking part in Aceh reconstruction through Komisi Darurat
Kemanusiaan untuk Aceh dan Sumatera Utara and as architect in Uplink.
He criticizes a lot of policies from DKI Jakarta governor Sutiyoso.
Project/s:
Kota Rumah Kita (The City, Our Home), 2006
Marco Kusumawijaya
60.
Birthday: May 6, 1929, Ambarawa, Central Java,
He was an Indonesian architect, writer, and Catholic religious leader. He
was popularly known as Romo Mangun (Father Mangun).
known as the father of modern Indonesian architecture.
He continued to study architecture in Aachen, Germany, and at the Aspen
Institute of Humanistic Studies in Aspen, Colorado. In 1992.
According to Erwinthon P. Napitupulu, the author of a book on
Mangunwijaya, due to be published at the end of 2011, Mangun heads the
list of the top 10 Indonesian architects.
Romo Mangun's dedication to helping those who were poor, oppressed
and marginalized by politics through an "outcry of the voice of
conscience" made him a strong opponent of the Soeharto regime.
Y.B. Mangunwijawa
(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)
61.
Awards
Golden Windmill Award for fiction/literary works from Radio Nederland
Aga Khan Award for Architecture 1992 for Kali Code, Yogyakarta
Indonesian Institute of Architects Award 1991 for Marian Shrine
in Sendangsono
Ramon Magsaysay Award 1996
He also received The Ruth and Ralph Erskine Fellowship in 1995, as
recognition of his dedication to the less privileged. His work on the houses
of the poor along the banks of the Code River contributed towards
Mangunwijaya becoming one of Indonesia's most renowned architects.
Y.B. Mangunwijawa
(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)
62.
Architectural projects
Kali Code Urban Settlement, Yogyakarta : Aga Khan Award 1992
Sendangsono (Marian shrine)
Semarang Apostolic Building
Gedung Bentara Budaya, Jakarta
Gereja Katolik Jetis, Yogyakarta
Gereja Katolik Cilincing, Jakarta
Markas Kowihan II
Kampus II Universitas Surabaya
Gereja Katolik Santa Maria Assumpta, Klaten- Jateng
Y.B. Mangunwijawa
(Yusuf Bilyarta Mangunwijaya)
64.
Birthday: October 4 1971
an Indonesian architect and lecturer in the Department of
Architecture, Bandung Institute of Technology.
founded architect firm Urbane Indonesia in 2004 with three partners
He was elected as mayor of Bandung on 23 June 2013.
In 2006, Kamil was the Indonesian winner of the British Council's Young
Creative Entrepreneur award, representing Indonesia in the International
Young Design Entrepreneur of the Year award.
In 2009, Kamil was selected as the Architect of the Year by Elle Decor
magazine.
Urbane Indonesia was listed in the BCI Asia Top 10 Awards from 2008 to
2008 to 2010 and again in 2012.
Ridwan Kamil
65. Projects:
Kamil was the pioneer of the Indonesia Berkebun movement to build
amateur gardens in the cities of Indonesia. As of 2011 the community
project is established in fourteen cities in Indonesia, with membership
approaching 4000.
Kamil and Urbane Indonesia projects in Indonesia include
United Tractors office tower in Jakarta,
Al-Irsyad Mosque and Al-Irsyad Satya Islamic School in Bandung
Aceh Tsunami Museum in Banda Aceh,
Tarumanegara University Tower I and campus revision, and
Rasuna Epicentrum
Ridwan Kamil
66. Al-Irsyad Mosque in BandungAceh Tsunami Museum in Banda AcehRasuna Epicentrum
67.
International projects include
Marina Bay Waterfront Master Plan in Singapore
Beijing Islamic Centre Mosque
Ras Al Kaimah Waterfront Master Plan
Suzhou Retail Waterfront Masterplan in China
Tech Park Kunming, and
Grand Tourism Community Club House in Calcutta
Ridwan Kamil
68.
Birthdate: December 13, 1897, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Between 1910 and 1918
- Aalbers studied architecture at the Rotterdam Academy of Visual
Arts and Techniques.
- Dutch architecture was highly influenced by the expressionist
movement due to popular expressionist artists, including the painter Willem
de Kooning who also studied in the same school.
Albert Aalbers
69.
1930
- the Aalbers family moved to Bandung, a few kilometers east of
Sukabumi
- Dutch East Indies government was planning to move the colonial
capital from Batavia (present-day Jakarta) to Bandung
-Several Dutch architects, were actively involved designing and
renovating buildings throughout the city. Aalbers saw this as a good
opportunity and he started to work as a freelance architect in the city. Later
he and his friend, Rijk de Waal, opened a new firm, the Aalbers en De Waal
Albert Aalbers
70. Projects:
1935 – DENIS Bank (De Eerste Nederlandsch-Indische Spaarkas or the First
Dutch-Indies Savings)
1936 – Savoy Homann Hotel, Bandung
He renovated the hotel lobby of the Grand Hotel Lembang at Lembang
Designed a new hotel, the Grand Hotel Ngamplang at Garut, and a resort
hotel in the middle of the Pangalengan tea plantation in the south of
Bandung.
He designed three identical villas at Juanda Street, known as "the
locomotive", in 1937, which were built as a promotion for the new
residential area in the north of Bandung
Aalbers designed twelve identical villas at the Pager Gunung Street (1939),
fourteen houses at Haji Hasan Street (1940) and the three-color (de
driekleur) villa at Juanda Street.
Albert Aalbers
71. DENIS Bank (De Eerste Nederlandsch-Indische Spaarkas or the First Dutch-Indies Savings), 1935Savoy Homann Hotel, Bandung, 1936
72.
Birthday: April 22, 1885
Karsten was a Dutch engineer who gave major contributions to architecture
and town planning in Indonesia during Dutch colonial rule. Most significantly
he integrated the practice of colonial urban environment with native
elements; a radical approach to spatial planning for Indonesia at the time. He
introduced a neighborhood plan for all ethnic groups in Semarang, built public
markets in Yogyakarta and Surakarta, and a city square in the capital Batavia
(now 'Jakarta')
Thomas Karsten
73. 1918, he had defined a set of principles for his town planning which saw
him engaged as a consultant for major cities in the colony.
He was a town planning consultant for Semarang (1916–20,
1936), Buitenzorg (now 'Bogor') (1920–23), Madiun (1929), Malang (1930–
35), Batavia (Jakarta) (1936–37), Magelang (1937–38), Bandung (1941), as
well as Cirebon, Meester Cornelis (part of Jakarta which is known as
Jatinegara), Yogyakarta, Surakarta, Purwokerto, Padang, Medan and
Banjarmasin.
In 1941, he was appointed to lecture at the School of Engineering at
Bandung. During the Japanese occupation in Indonesia, Thomas Karsten
was imprisoned at camp Baros in Cimahi near Bandung. He died at the
camp in 1945.
Thomas Karsten
74.
Projects
His building projects included large two-storey homes with steeply pitched
roofs for members for elite Dutch citizens, new palace pavilions that were
both European and traditional Javanese for indigenous royalty, public market
buildings in Yogyakarta and Surakarta, and grand headquarters for companies.
Thomas Karsten
75.
Birthday: June 21, 1884
Pont was a Dutch architect and archaeologist active in Indonesia,
acclaimed for his synthesis of Javanese and western architecture.
Born in Batavia in 1884, Henri Maclaine Pont studied civil engineering
in Delft.
After graduation he moved back to the Dutch East Indies where in 1911
received his first major work, the design of the Semarang-Cheribon Steam
Tram Company headquarters. In Semarang he set up his own firm, which
was later joined by Thomas Karsten. Soon however he fell ill, and being
forced to return to the Netherlands, sold the firm to Karsten, Lutjens and
Steenstra Toussaint.
Henri Maclaine Pont
76.
In 1919 he has been commissioned for the design of the Ceremonial
Hall of the Bandung Institute of Technology building. The building is
remarkable for the synthesis of Western technology and local
architecture.
His notable works also include the original Trowulan Museum (1932)
and the Puh Sarang Catholic church in Kediri (1937).
Henri Maclaine Pont
