The document provides details of a team's design and development of a model car for a competition. It includes sections on team identity and logo development, research into aerodynamic principles, sketches of design concepts, manufacturing of the car using CAD/CAM technology, wind tunnel testing to analyze drag, time trials of multiple car designs on a test track, orthographic views of the final car design, and discussions of marketing, sponsorship, and project expenditures.

1. PRESENTING

2. Team Identity Marketing & Sponsorship Team Member Analysis Time Trial Sketch Manufacturing Process Orthographic view Scout Wind Tunnel Test Modification Research New Design Inspiration

3. Team Identity Marketing & Sponsorship Team Member Analysis Time Trial Team Sketch Manufacturing Process Orthographic view IMPU ION The team logo was developed from various proposals from all team members, which derived from a shaped balsa wood. Designs and colours were added to complete an intended logo. Scout Wind Tunnel Test Modification Research New Design Inspiration

4. Team IMPU ION Organised by: IN SCHOOLS

5. Team Identity Marketing & Sponsorship Team Member Analysis Time Trial Sketch Manufacturing Process Orthographic view TEAM MEMBERS, TEAM IDENTITY, INSPIRATION & CAR CONCEPT Scout Wind Tunnel Test Modification Research New Design Inspiration

6. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION TEAMIDENTITY The team logo was developed from various proposals from all team members, which derived from a shaped balsa wood. Designs and colours were added to complete an intended logo. White Creates the raw power of nature, fulfilling one with utter peace and serenity. The beauty of white evokes image of coolness. Red Exudes passion and optimism for the future. A sense of excitement is created whenever this clean and bright colour is in use. TEAMLOGO Team IMPU ION Yellow Orange Awakens the senses of constant hopefulness. An inspiration for high energy and confident youths which gradually impart sense of warmth and comfort. Reflects the trend for opulence and glamour. With a subtle application, yellow evokes images of vitality and radiance. TEAMCOLOUR Black Offers a chic feeling. A rich colour which has inspired a luxurious image and a space of tranquil. www.teamimpusion.com

7. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION INSPIRATION www.teamimpusion.com

8. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION CAR CONCEPT SUPERSONIC JET The adaptation of careful aerodynamic design is a particularly good machine produced with excellent performance in a higher acceleration. The design adjustments to prevent this buffeting are based on the American-developed theory of 'area-ruling' the fuselage to minimize drag and turbulent areas. The speed of this jet is about 1,235 km/h which is greater than 5 times the speed of sound which is often reffered as hypersonic. Designers also use the Supersonic area rule and the Whitcomb area rule to minimize sudden changes in size and maximum its velocity. Some designs of supersonic transports possessed swing wings to give higher efficiency. As Mach numbers increase, the density behind the shock also increases, which corresponds to a decrease in volume behind the shock wave due to conservation of mass. Hence, the body of our car should be in low mass and high in stability. K I N G C O B R A Used to adapt the concept of velocity and acceleration by its movement when it tries to bite its victim. The reading taken is just less than one second. The cobra’s head is of an aerodynamic shape which can reduce the occuring drags. www.teamimpusion.com

9. Team Identity Marketing & Sponsorship Team Member Analysis Time Trial Sketch Manufacturing Process Orthographic view Scout Wind Tunnel Test Modification RESEARCH, SKETCHES & MODIFICATION Research New Design Inspiration

10. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION The first step in designing Team Impusion car was to observe the existing car designs and the general physical principles that affect their performance. This included research in basic aerodynamic principles. RESEARCH Astreamlinedesign is one which objects that move through a gas or liquid which is shaped to match the lines and reduce the energy required to produce the motion. Upon this discovery, we have come with a design which applies this principle in order to reduce friction. Aerodynamicscan be defined as the study of air flow through a body primarily when in motion. The objective of a good aerodynamic design is to reduce drag and increase the downforce.Two factors that can help in inceasing the speed of car are the drag force and lift or downforce. To create an object, around which air can flow smoothly, the profile of the object in all three dimensions has to be carefully considered. A fast moving object must be designed in order that it causes the minimum disturbance and movement in any fluids through which it is travelling. To achieve this the object must be designed to incorporate curves that can guide fluids from front to rear in a smooth manner. This will minimise the disturbance caused in the fluid. The aim is that the airflow will follow the objects surface; if it does not then flow separation occurs and a void or low pressure spot will form behind the object resulting in eddies. If an object causes disturbance in a fluid through which it is passing then the object is transferring energy to that fluid. This ultimately means that the object’s own kinetic energy and thus velocity are being reduced. It is therefore desirable that an object causes as little disturbance in a fluid as possible. www.teamimpusion.com

11. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION SCREW EYES RESEARCH Sic Titanium Instead of the ordinary screw eyes, we have proposed the idea of adapting the SIC Titanium for screw eyes where through research ,they are proven to be super hard and super light. Another feature that makes this corrosive-free and low-density material stands high is because it has the least friction among the many types. BALL BEARING Treated Ball Bearing Uses this size of 1.5 x 4 x 2. Bearings are made of Chrome Steel and can rotate up to 115,000 rpm, each bearing has 2 metal shields to protect the bearing from dust or any possible contamination, also bearings are pre-lubricated with grease. Ceramic is the new prolonged endeavor! It is lighter, smoother, stiffer, harder, corrosion resistant, and electrically resistant. These fundamental characteristics allow for a wide range of performance enhancements in bearings. Ceramic bearings dissipate heat quickly, reducing friction and wear while maintaining a precision smooth surface. Today's leading edge ceramics are made of Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) and have characteristics similar to the heat absorbing, highly resilient tiles on the Space Shuttle. WHEELS Custom Made Wheels Our wheels were custom-made. This ensured high quality finish. We experimented with nylon and silicon. We used nylon based for its lighter weight and machineability. For axels our options were steel, silver steel, carbon-fibre and hollow aluminium. Weight ultimately made the decision for us. www.teamimpusion.com

12. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION SKETCHES www.teamimpusion.com

13. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION MODIFICATION After a thorough research, our car is finally revealed to compete in the game. www.teamimpusion.com

14. Team Identity Marketing & Sponsorship Team Member Analysis Time Trial Sketch Manufacturing Process Orthographic view Scout Wind Tunnel Test Modification NEW DESIGN & CAR ANALYSIS Research New Design Inspiration

15. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION NEW DESIGN Team IMPU ION www.teamimpusion.com

16. Drag - Cdx = 2.093561E-01 Drag - Cdx = 2.162734E-01 Drag - Cdx = 1.924564E-01 Side - Cdy = 4.317819E-07 Side - Cdy = 4.534597E-02 Side - Cdy = 3.844608E-07 Lift - Cdz = 1.220515E-01 Lift - Cdz = 2.885402E-01 Lift - Cdz = 1.066077E-01 Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION 800 Time 1000 Time 300 Time Analysis Computational fluid dynamics modeling combined with the use of a physics engine that Team Impusion derived and programmed were used to test the relative performance of different designs. Car Analysis www.teamimpusion.com

17. Team Identity Marketing & Sponsorship Team Member Analysis Time Trial Sketch Manufacturing Process Orthographic view Scout Wind Tunnel Test Modification MANUFACTURING PROCESS, SCOUT WIND TUNNEL TEST & TIME TRIAL Research New Design Inspiration

18. Team Bringing the immortality of glory MANUFACTURING PROCESS IMPU ION The cars were manufactured using CAD/CAM technology to cut the desired shape from a block of balsa wood. Hand finishing was then required before the process of painting and fitting of the wheels. MANUFACTURING PROCESS Pre Manufacturing Machining Finishing + Quality Control www.teamimpusion.com

19. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION Drag is the force acting on the car which is pushing the car backwards. The higher the drag, the slower the car will move. To test the amount of drag acting on our cars, we use the Scout Wind Tunnel to validate the results obtained from Virtual Wind Tunnel. 1- When the manufacturing process is completed, the wheels are fixed to the car to be tested in the Scout Wind Tunnel. 2- Next, screw eyes are fixed to the bottom of the car to ensure that the car is well-fixed on the Scout Wind Tunnel. 3- Then, the Scout Wind Tunnel is turned on. The air flow around the car is observed. SCOUT WIND TUNNEL TEST www.teamimpusion.com

20. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION TIME TRIAL TIME TRIAL ON 20 METRES TRACK C A R 1 1.082sec. 1.041sec. 1.040 sec. 1.094sec. C A R 2 1.115 sec. 1.051sec. 1.080 sec. 1.127sec. 17 www.teamimpusion.com

21. Team Identity Marketing & Sponsorship Team Member Analysis Time Trial Sketch Manufacturing Process Orthographic view Scout Wind Tunnel Test Modification ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW & CAR SUMMARY Research New Design Inspiration

22. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEW 16 www.teamimpusion.com

23. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION FINALCAR SUMMARY 42mm 60mm 175mm 60mm 100mm www.teamimpusion.com

24. Team Identity Marketing & Sponsorship Team Member Analysis Time Trial Sketch Manufacturing Process Orthographic view Scout Wind Tunnel Test Modification MARKETING, SPONSORSHIP & EXPENDITURE Research New Design Inspiration

26. Specially ordered aerodynamic pens and stickers are sold and given away to ourboothvisitors.

27. LCD + speakers are used to present our slide show in order to attract visitors.MARKETING www.teamimpusion.com

28. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION COMPLIMENTS SPONSORSHIP We sent out letters to many potential companies around the state asking for sponsorship and assuring them that their good deeds are all done for the sake of supporting the educational programme. Those who were moved contacted us and we then went out to speak with them and explaining in details about the competition and how important and meaningful their support would be for our team. After being crowned the overall champion at the regional level competition, we set ourselves the aim of raising RM10,000 in sponsorship in order to cover the expenditures needed in the finals. Our gratitude must go to all our sponsors for enabling us to prepare well for the forthcoming game. www.teamimpusion.com

29. Team Bringing the immortality of glory IMPU ION EXPENDITURE www.teamimpusion.com