Transonic combustion,Injection-Ignition system,Super-critical fluid,Efficient automotive engine combustion

1. TRANSONIC COMBUSTION
(A NOVEL INJECTION-IGNITION
SYSTEM)
01FM14EAT011 KUMAR MANIKANTAN T

2. CONTENTS
 Brief outline about IC engines.
 What is supercritical fluid.
 How does transonic combustion takes place.
 Advantages and Disadvantages.
 Conclusion.
 References.

3. Brief outline about IC engines.
 An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where
the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a
combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid
flow circuit..
 Diesel engine is quite efficient than Gasoline engine.

4.  Main drawbacks of IC engines are losses which in turn affects
the efficiency.
 In gasoline-powered vehicles, over 62 percent of the fuel's
energy is lost in the internal combustion engine (ICE). ICE
engines are very inefficient at converting the fuel's chemical
energy to mechanical energy, losing energy to engine friction etc.
 Improper combustion leads to increase in emission of NOx, HC
and CO and there by polluting the environment.

5. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID
 A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and
pressure above its critical point, where distinct liquid and gas
phases do not exist. It can effuse through solids like a gas, and
dissolve materials like a liquid.
 Generally supercritical fluids have properties between those of a
gas and a liquid. Supercritical fluids also have other unique
properties such as having no surface tension.

6. TRANSONIC COMBUSTION
 The transonic combustion system (TSCi) brings together the
injection and ignition process to become Injection-Ignition
system.
 Transonic Combustion uses supercritical-state fuel to radically
shift the technological benefits of the automotive internal
combustion engine.
 TSCi Fuel Injection achieves lean combustion and super
efficiency by running gasoline, diesel, and advanced bio-
renewable fuels on modern diesel engine architectures.

7.  The basis of the combustion process here is that injection of the
fuel is delayed to the extent that the heat release predominantly
takes place after TDC of the engine power stroke.
 In order to achieve this, the combustion process must have a
short delay period, followed by rapid air fuel mixing and
combustion. Such characteristics are achieved by injecting the
fuel in the form of a supercritical fluid.
 Supercritical fuel injection facilitates short ignition delay and
fast combustion, precisely controls the combustion that
minimizes crevice burn and partial combustion near the cylinder
walls, and prevents droplet diffusion burn.

8.  The engine control software facilitates extremely fast
combustion, enabled by advanced micro- processing technology.
 The injection system can also be supplemented by advanced
thermal management, exhaust gas recovery, electronic valves,
and advanced combustion chamber geometries.

9. Major parts of TSCi
•ECU
•High pressure fuel pump.
•Fuel conditioning module.
•Heat exchanger.
•Fuel rails.
•Fuel injectors.

10. ECU
FUNCTIONS
 The quantity of fuel injected into
each cylinder per engine cycle.
 The ignition timing.
 Variable cam timing (VCT).
 The ECU controls other
parameters by monitoring the
engine through sensors including
throttle position sensors, air
temperature sensors, engine
coolant temperature sensors and
other sensors

11. HIGH PRESSURE FUEL PUMP
 the ECU communicates to the fuel pump a precise fuel mixture
and amount of fuel in the tank, and in response, the fuel pump
calculates appropriate refueling mixtures that are compatible
with the remaining fuel in the tank and the vehicle's operational
capabilities.
FUEL CONDITIONING MODULE
 Fuel conditioning is an emerging technology based on the
discovery that high powered magnets placed in a particular
pattern on fuel feed lines.

12. HEAT EXCHANGER
 A piece of equipment built for efficient heat transfer from one
medium to another. Uses heat from exhaust gases to heat the
fuel. Generally tubular heat exchanger is used.
FUEL RAIL (COMMON RAIL)
 A pipe (usually resembling a rail) used to deliver fuel to
individual fuel injectors.
 It is designed to have a pocket or seat for each injector as well as
an inlet for a fuel supply

13. INJECTOR (INJECTOR-IGNITION)
(INJECTOR-IGNITION)
 The fuel injector is mounted substantially in the center of the
cylinder head of the combustion chamber.
• Heated catalyzed fuel injector
that dispenses fuel substantially
exclusively during the power
stroke of an internal combustion
engine
•Wherein ignition occurs in a fast
burn zone at high fuel density
such that a leading surface of the
fuel is completely burned within
several microseconds

14.  The catalyst combines available oxygen in the range of
0.1% by weight to 5% by weight with one or more
components within the fuel mixture to form highly
reactive.
 It further enhances to complete combustion.

15. ADVANTAGES
 About 50 % increase in efficiency.
 Perfect combustion of fuel.
 Pollution is reduced to a greater extent because of perfect
combustion.
 Knocking is eliminated.
 Engine life is increased.

16. DISADVANTAGES
 Might be Costly.
 Supercritical fluid extraction is quite tedious.
 Need regular maintenance.
 If ECU goes wrong somehow efficiency affects.

17. CONCLUSIONS
 By eliminating the ignition system and introducing a
completely redesigned fuel injection system, TSCi
(Injector-Ignition) realize a 50% increase in efficiency.
With the influence of supercritical fluid enhances a
complete combustion and there by increases engine
efficiency and reduces the emissions.
 When tested under lab conditions the losses associated
with these IC engines were drastically reduced.

18. REFERENCES
 De Boer, C., Chang, J., and Shetty, S., "Transonic Combustion
- A Novel Injection-Ignition System for Improved Gasoline
Engine Efficiency," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-2110,
2010, doi:10.4271/2010-01-2110.
 Heated catalyzed fuel injector for injection ignition engines.
US patents US 8079348 B2.
 Injector-ignition for an internal combustion engine. US
patents US 7546826 B2
 Dixon, D. J. and Johnston, K.P., "Supercritical Fluids," In
Encyclopedia of Separation Technology; Ruthven, D.M.,
Editor, John Wiley, 1997, 1544-1569.
 Bottini, Susana. "Preface." The Journal of Supercritical Fluids
45. 2.June 2008 133. 27 May 2008 <
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08968446 >.

19. THANK YOU…..!