wireless networks

2. PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr.Rashmi
SUBMITTED BY:
LALIT SHARMA
MBA 2nd SHIFT
DIV –A 3rd Sem
02521303917

3. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS:
A STUDY

4. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Architecture of WSN
• WSN Node
• Architecture of sensor node
• Characteristics
• Applications
• Operational Challenges
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Future
• Conclusion

5. INTRODUCTION
• Wireless sensor network (WSN) refers to a group of spatially dispersed and
dedicated sensors for monitoring and recording the physical conditions of the
environment and organizing the collected data at a central location.
• WSNs measure environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pollution levels,
humidity, wind, and so on.
• A collection of sensing devices that can communicate wirelessly.

6. • Even though wireless sensors has limited resources in memory, computation power,
bandwidth, and energy.
• With small physical size. It Can be embedded in the physical environment.
• Self-organizing multi-hop ad-doc networks

7. WSN ARCHITECTURE
• Special addressing
requirement
• Local unique Address
• Data-centric
• Data is named by one or
more attributes.

8. WIRELESS SENSOR NODE
• sensor
• A transducer
• converts physical phenomenon e.g. heat, light, motion, vibration, and sound into electrical
signals
• sensor node
• basic unit in sensor network
• contains on-board sensors, processor, memory, transceiver, and power supply
• sensor network
• consists of a large number of sensor nodes
• nodes deployed either inside or very close to the sensed phenomenon

9. ARCHITECTURE OF SENSOR NODE

10. WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
APPLICATIONS
Military Applications
• Monitoring friendly forces, equipment, and ammunition
• Battlefield surveillance
• Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain
• Targeting
• Battle damage assessment
• Nuclear, biological, and chemical attack detection
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11. Environmental Applications
• Forest fire detection
• Bio-complexity mapping of environment
• Flood detection
• Precision Agriculture
• Air and water pollution
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12. Health Applications
• Telemonitoring of human physiological data
• Tracking and monitoring doctors and patients inside a hospital
• Drug administration in hospitals
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13. Home and Office Applications
• Home and office automation
• Smart environment
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14. Automotive Applications
• Reduces wiring effects
• Measurements in chambers and rotating parts
• Remote technical inspections
• Conditions monitoring e.g. at a bearing
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15. Automotive Applications
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16. Other Commercial Applications
• Environmental control in office buildings (estimated energy savings $55
billion per year!)
• Interactive museums
• Detecting and monitoring car thefts
• Managing inventory control
• Vehicle tracking and detection
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17. CHARACTERISTICS
• Power consumption constraints for nodes using batteries or energy harvesting
• Ability to cope with node failures (resilience)
• Mobility of nodes
• Heterogeneity of nodes
• Scalability to large scale of deployment
• Ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions
• Ease of use
• Cross-layer design

18. FACTORS INFLUENCING WSN DESIGN
• Fault tolerance
• Scalability
• Production costs
• Hardware constraints
• Sensor network topology
• Environment
• Transmission media
• Power Consumption
• Sensing
• Communication
• Data processing
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19. ADVANTAGES
 It avoids a lot of wiring .
 It can accommodate new devices at any time .
It's flexible to go through physical partitions .
 It can be accessed through a centralized monito

20. DISADVANTAGE
 Lower speed compared to wired network.
 Less secure because hacker's laptop can act as Access Point. If you connected to
their laptop, they'll read all your information (username, password.. etc).
More complex to configure than wired network.
Gets distracted by various elements like Blue-tooth .
Still Costly at large.
It does not make sensing quantities in buildings easier.
It does not reduce costs for installation of sensors.
It does not allow us to do more than can be done with a wired system

21. OPERATIONAL CHALLENGES OF WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORKS
• Energy Efficiency
• Limited storage and computation
• Low bandwidth and high error rates
• Errors are common – Wireless communication – Noisy measurements – Node
failure are expected
• Scalability to a large number of sensor nodes
• Survivability in harsh environments
• Experiments are time- and space-intensive

22. FUTURE OF WSN SMART HOME / SMART
OFFICE
• Sensors controlling appliances and electrical devices in the house.
• Better lighting and heating in office buildings.
• The Pentagon building has used sensors extensively.

23. CONCLUSION
• WSNs possible today due to technological advancement in various
domains
• Envisioned to become an essential part of our lives
• Design Constraints need to be satisfied for realization of sensor networks
• Tremendous research efforts being made in different layers of WSNs
protocol stack
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