2. Why Electrical Safety ?
▪ Sometimes it is easy to forget just how dangerous electricity can be.
▪ Electricity can cause serious injuries or even death.
▪ It takes very little electricity to cause harm.
▪ Lack of safety can cause serious electrical HAZARDS.
3. Effects on the Human Body
Depends on:
▪ Current and Voltage
▪ Resistance
▪ Path through body
▪ Duration of shock
4. Electrical Dangers
▪ Electrical shock
▪ Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)
▪ Burns
▪ Falls
▪ Arc flash and Arc Blast
▪ Explosions
▪ Fires
5. Electrical Accidents - Statistics
▪ Almost 12 people die due to electrocution every day (Source- NCRB National Crime
Records Bureau)
▪ 42 % of total fires occur due to electrical sources (Source -OISD)
▪ 8% deaths that occur in Indian factories are due to electricity
India
6. Electrical Accidents - Statistics
▪ 25% of all fires occur due to electricity (NFPA)
▪ 411 deaths from job related electrical accidents per year (NIOSH)
▪ Electrocution - the fifth leading cause of death (1982 - 1990) NIOSH
▪ Electrocution is the cause of 12% of all workplace deaths among young workers.
United States
7. NFPA - NEC (1897)
NESC (1913), from IEEE
NIOSH (Research example: development of voltage detector that will
signal the person if he gets close to live power)-1970
OSHA (1970)
NFPA 70 E & B (1979) -approved by OSHA
NESF(1994), by UL, NFPA, NEMA, CPSC
8. Electrical Safety Products
▪ Residual Current-Operated Circuit
Breakers (RCCBs)
▪ Arc Fault Current Interrupters (AFCIs)
▪ Glowing Connection Detector (GCDs)
▪ Infra-Red Hotspot Detection Tool
▪ Thermography Surveys
▪ Automatic Defibrillators
▪ Complete Home ES Kit
▪ Automatic Fire Detection & Extinguishing
System
▪ Electrical Product Safety Recalls
▪ Linear Heat Sensing Cables (LHSC)
9. Electrical Safety Products
GFCIs RCCBs
▪ Used in wet and
other high risky
areas.
▪ Stops the flow of
electricity when there
is a difference
between current
leaving and returning
from the outlet.
▪ Push test button and
then reset button.
▪ RCCBs - 30, 100,
300 mA.
▪ Delayed tripping
RCCBs (200 mS)
11. Electrical Safety Products
AFCIs – Arc Fault Current Interrupters
• Arcs - temperatures up to 20,000°C,Sun’s outer temperature- 5000°C.
• No material on earth can withstand arc temperature.
• RCCBs cannot detect arcing faults.
• AFCIs - the innovative ES device after RCCBs.
• AFCIs detects arcing waveforms and trips.
• AFCIs - mandatory in all US homes from 2002 January onwards
12. Electrical Safety Products
GCDs – Glowing Connection Detectors
• GCs are fires waiting to happen.
• Loose connections at socket terminals will cause glowing connections.
• Use of GCDs- recommended by Forensic engineers.
• Glowing connections -will not detected by fuses, MCBs, RCCBs, AFCIs.
• GCDs operate at 83 degree C.
• Glowing connection hazards were detected by a underwriters
laboratories study
(Firefly GCD)
13. Electrical Safety Products
Infra–Red Hotspot Detector
▪ Used as part of effective EPM (Electrical Preventive Maintenance).
▪ Hotspot surveys on critical, high capacity motor terminations, measurement of continuously
running critical motors.
▪ Uses infra-red technology, with laser sighting.
▪ Does not penetrate glass, plastic.
▪ Interpretation of readings - very critical.
14. Electrical Safety Products
HFFR Cables
▪ Halogen-Free Fire Retardant cables.
▪ Emits very low smoke, compared to PVC & even
FRLS cables.
▪ Increasingly Used by many instead of FRLS (Fire
Retardant low Smoke) cables.
15. Electrical Safety Products
Thermography Surveys
▪ Part of predictive maintenance.
▪ In the De-Terrified scenario, may be offered by
general insurance companies.
▪ Identification of potential survey points /
equipment and interpretation - very crucial.
▪ NFPA 70 E recommends Thermographic surveys.
16. Electrical Safety Products
AEDs – Automatic External Defibrillation
▪ 250,000 deaths every year due to sudden cardiac
arrest.
▪ AEDs - to be part of Emergency Medical Kit.
▪ For every minute that passes without defibrillation,
the chances of survival decreases by 10%.
▪ Has a voice prompt, cost USD 3000/-
▪ UK - not a legal requirement, but a Statutory
requirement in US.
▪ No legal liability for deaths involving the use of
AEDs.
17. Electrical Safety Products
Linear Heat Sensing Cables
▪ Advantageous than detectors, more effective
LHSC applications:
▪ Cable trays in cable galleries
▪ Transformers
▪ Switch gears
18. Electrical Safety Products
Automatic Fire D&E System
▪ local flooding application inside electrical switch
gears / power panels- detects heat and the heat -
sensitive tube punctures, letting out Ozone-
friendly fire extinguishing gas
19. Electrical Safety Products
Non-Contact type voltage
detector (magnetic field)
Plug-In Wiring Checker
▪ detects 14 wiring
defects, ideal for
testing sockets, BS
1363, faulty N,
missing E, reverse
P& N
21. • Need for Electrical Safety is universal.
• ES awareness is increasing.
• Partnership between regulators, employers,
manufacturers- growing.
• Many injuries are prevented.
• Learning from experience- very essential.
• Innovative ES devices are being used by people.
CONCLUSION
MUCH MORE TO BE DONE IN THE FIELD OF ES IN INDIA
