Czerniewicz oeb keynote 28 nov 2019
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Keynote plenary 29 November 2019, OEB Conference, Berlin
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Czerniewicz oeb keynote 28 nov 2019
- 1. Responding to the “new normal” in Higher Education Laura Czerniewicz @czernie 29 November 2019
- 3. Technology as an unstoppable force
- 4. Confluence of forces Confluence of digitization, marketisation & datafication of HE While State funding is being reduced Student body much more diverse Inequality is growing Curriculum transformation (form & content)
- 5. Marketisation Exogenous marketisation - HE as a business opportunity UK universities now competing over a record amount of competitive revenue, making them some of the biggest businesses overall 2018 global investment Edtech $4.46 billion http://funding.hackeducation.com/investments.html) New forms of market-making (Komljenovic & Robertson 2016) Higher Education is Big Business 11 / 11/ 19 https://wonkhe.com/blogs/higher- education-is-big-business/?
- 7. Marketisation Exogenous marketisation - higher education behaves like a business The “platform university’
- 8. There’s effectively no choice. You go through every website saying “yes” because you can’t possibly read 50,000 pages of small print. But every time you say yes, you are submitting to a system which makes you manifestly unfree, it steals data from you every second of your life Zadie Smith 2019 ..our mind and psychic life have become the main raw material which digital capitalism aims at capturing and commodifying Achille Mbembe 2019 A new economic logic to predict and modify human behaviour as a means to produce revenue and market control Zuboff 2015
- 9. Surveillance capitalism in education https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/ps13-billion-turnitin-sale-spotlights-intellectual-property-fears https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2017/04/how-colleges-find-their-students/522516/ Capturing & owning students’ work & selling it back to universities Tracking prospective students on college websites and targeted personalized engagement
- 10. Danger Dominant technological determinist discourse Profit making determining the HE agenda Surveillance capitalism infiltrating HE MatthewSleeperonUnsplash
- 13. Ad break
- 14. The “new normal” is not inevitable
- 16. Resistance Resistance is about control and a refusal to cede power
- 17. National level resistance Wired 2016 https://www.wired.com/2016/02/facebooks-free-basics-app-is-now-banned-in-india/
- 18. Resisting market capture The South African White Paper for Post-School Education and Training … set out a vision of a transformed system which will enrich the economic, social and cultural lives of South Africa's people, promote social justice and overcome historical inequities. DHET 2013 South African National Plan for Post-school Education and training: 2019-2030 ….transformation, equity, and redress underpin the implementation of strategies in the Plan DHET 2019
- 19. Individual resistance HowWhy Privacy Ultra targeted ads Filter bubble Aggregation of data concentrates power, enables serious social damage Use alternatives Stop verbing the product Break the superconnections See https://small-tech.org and https://www.timschwartz.org
- 20. Critical scholarship Harder as HE becomes a gig sector Research: interrogating the “new normal” Komljenovic, Naidoo, Oliver, Robertson, Selwyn, Williamson etc Thanks Shanali Govender 2019
- 21. Research Too much opinion too much misinformation not enough research
- 22. Robust research based on scholarly expertise framed by research ethics protocols quality controlled by peer review resourced by impartial funders All kinds of research needed I think people in this country have had enough of experts Michael Gove 2016
- 24. Urgent need for more humanities, social science and education research
- 25. A research agenda Edtech policy / ecosystems Learning theory and machine learning Politics & economics of edtech Theorising ethics in edtech and AI The coloniality of edtech Digital & data literacies Epistemology, curriculum and edtech Old & new forms of digital inequalities Open education, the Commons & alternative imaginaries AdaptedfromNewresearchproblemsandagendasinlearning,mediaand technology:theeditors’wishlistLearningMediaandtechnology44:2 WilliamsonB:Potter,J;Enyon,R(2019)
- 26. Regulate Regulation as the allocation of values and resources
- 27. The rules of the game for platform companies and new economic models being hammered out now will set important precedents for HE
- 28. Technological systems and relationships always embedded in the social political systems from which they emerge Jackson 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmro5vZcFTA8March2019
- 29. Regulations to ameliorate harm In California chatbots have to clearly identify as artificial i.e. a software programme – rather than a human Three US cities have banned the use of facial recognition software (Current chatbot market $2,6 billion)
- 30. Regulations to enable inclusion
- 31. Institutional regulations Get a move on
- 32. Reimagining The imagination is about remaining human
- 33. Narratives of the future https://www.digitalasiahub.org/download/drones-dreams-a-speculative-sprint-story-collection/#,https://knowledgemaze.wordpress.com/2019/07/22/speculative- data-futures-karima/,https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/twelve-tomorrows
- 34. Imagining the future The future cannot be predicted Futures studies Possible probable and preferred futures Anticipation studies The future is unknowable
- 35. Innovating alternative models (Yes, they do)
- 37. Some references Ball, S & Youdell 2008 Hidden Privatisation in Public Education Education International https://www.right-to- education.org/resource/hidden-privatisation-public-education Dundas, D (2019) Zadie Smith on fighting the algorithm: ‘If you are under 30, and you are able to think for yourself right now, God bless you’ 8 November https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2019/11/08/zadie-smith-on-fighting-the-algorithm- if-you-are-under-30-and-you-are-able-to-think-for-yourself-right-now-god-bless-you.html Komljenovic J & Robertson S (2016) The dynamics of ‘market-making’ in higher education, Journal of Education Policy, Volume 31, 2016 - Issue 5 le Guin (2002) Ursula le Guin and the Importance of Imagination, Talk given at a meeting of Oregon Literary Arts in 2002 , https://dewdropped.com/2019/09/27/ursula-le-guin-and-the-importance-of-imagination/ Mbembe, A (2019) Thoughts on the planetary: An interview with Achille Mbembe https://www.newframe.com/thoughts-on- the-planetary-an-interview-with-achille-mbembe/ 5 Sep 2019 Zuboff, S (2015)“Big other: surveillance capitalism and the prospects of an information civilization.” Journal of Information Technology 30.1 (2015): 75-89. Zuboff , S (2019) The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. Profile Books,
Editor's Notes
- Do you remember this report, which came out in 2013, 6 years ago? What effect did it have on your life? What a powerful image- technology as an avalanche…that is an image of something that overwhelms and crushes people. As with an avalanche, humanity is at the mercy of the technical.
- It is a metaphor that is widespread. Technology as inevitable, Technology as causes of social change.
- There are a huge number of ed tech providers providing unbundled services across the student life cycle This is 2017, much more now ( a map of OPMs in 2019 had 60 companies) , numbers are exploding
- The platform economy gives rise to the platform university
- This seminal book explains the economic logic. Data is being monetised through collecting and connecting every swipe, like, click , tap online Mbembe Information and data being systemically weaponised against citizens and democratic processes It is both personal and systemic It can also of course be exploited for political purposes adds up….. Weaponising data to subvert democracy systemic 1984 Orwellian (quote from Zuboff) fundamental manipulation, relations Surveillance Shaping word view Controlling behaviour https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/books/2019/11/08/zadie-smith-on-fighting-the-algorithm-if-you-are-under-30-and-you-are-able-to-think-for-yourself-right-now-god-bless-you.html
- https://www.9news.com.au/national/politics-facial-recognition-in-schools-technology/c67bdfa8-372c-4f9f-9276-9b3bc847d163 Page credit: http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/01/11/506361845/the-higher-ed-learning-revolution-tracking-each-students-every-move Data about students collected for modification, and for monetisation
- https://lageneralista.com/what-is-to-be-done-countering-propaganda/
- What if one genuinely believes in SDG 4? What about ducation as a public good, for public benefit? Education where the benefits are spread across society in terms of employment, economic prosperity, health and social cohesion.
- Hard to imagine but smoking was ubiquitous- in restaurants, halls, planes, hopsitals…. Change is possible It is possible to challenge of emerging toxicities and cancerous elements of our times Tech companies are the new tobacco companies Next generations will look back at us now in astonishment
- It is possible to build a counternarrative
- There are opportunities for engagement at each level of the system – macro, meso and micro Want to suggest what is possible and also to amplify what is already happening
- Resistance is about agency and taking control It is NOT about opting out of a digital world It is not about opting out of a market ecosystem a purely state controlled system has not proven successful either) It is about refusal to surrender at both the personal and the societal levels
- The Indian government made a difficult choice when it banned Facebook Freebasics offering which would have provided zero rating for FB and access to the mobile Internet. It made the choice for net neutrality, and recent events (with Trump and Brexit for eg) have proved them right
- There are still national systems that have not fully succumbed to market promises. South African national policies remain premises on equity and social justice.
- Why? In order to make mass surveillance less profitable To break out of the filter bubble, it is bad for the discomfort of learning, for the exposure to multiple world views To make the beautifully targeted advertising less seductive Perhaps worst of all, the real issue is the aggregation of these data points and the concentrated power that this enables for lies and manipulation to really dark ends
- http://unboundeq.creativitycourse.org/an emergent, collaborative curriculum which aims to create equity-focused, open, connected, intercultural learning experiences across classes, countries and contexts. (Egypt, Ireland, US faciliators) It is happening but it is getting harder (because of the precariat)
- There are many quick and glib opinions. It is really important to admit that we don’t know
- In an age where anti intellectualism is widespread, robust research needs to be reclaimed.
- The focus has been on technical and scientific skills, but as the world changes, there is an urgent need for social scientists to analyse and make sense of what is happening,
- The research agenda is changing, here are some suggestions
- Mention regulation and eyes glaze over. But if we understand regulation as the allocation of values and resources, then it is really important to regulate/
- A platform company creates value by facilitating exchanges between consumers and producers.
- Political scientists are doing important work explaining the ways that these new models are contextualised
- Implications for student learning, sense of belonging in an institution, and the pedagogy of care https://www.360quadrants.com/
- Recent guidelines emphasise the need to get a move on – and some universities have started to do so…the universities of Leeds and Auckland being recent examples. Interestingly Auckland specifies that data used to specifiy action at an individual level will always be accompanied by personal intervention by university staff.
- Ursula le Guin, said that Imagination is not a means of making money. It has no place in the vocabulary of profit-making. It is not a weapon, though all weapons originate from it, and their use, or non-use, depends on it, as with all tools and their uses. The imagination is an essential tool of the mind, a fundamental way of thinking, an indispensable means of becoming and remaining human. possesses
- These examples, from Digital Asia, the Access to Knowledge Initiative based in Cairo, and MIT, all using narratives and fiction to imagine different kinds of futures.
- There are numerous innovations exploring new forms of delivery for access and inclusion, based on open licences and leveraging commons based social innovation approaches, as can be seen in these examples