A look at culture and cultural competency as it applies to education. Next, we look at experience across difference and how, unmitigated, lack of cultural competency affects individuals and groups. We then dive deeper into the phenomenon of microaggressions and how they show up for all of us. Finally, we look at conversation tools to navigate microaggressive moments, whether we are impacted, we witness them, or we perpetrate them.
Bishop Strachan School Cultural Competency and Microaggressions
1. Bishop Strachan School
Faculty and Staff
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Seattle Girlsâ School
Cultural Competency:
Stretching the Inclusive Boundaries
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
3. Agenda
ď§ Cultural Competency
ď§ Experience Across Difference
ď§ Zoom In: Microaggressions
ď§ Navigating Ouch Moments
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
4. Getting the Most Out of Today
Apply Growth Mindset
Ask Questions
Participate Fully
Use Technology to Help You Engage
Visit Website After
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
5. Safety versus Comfort
Safety: I feel that, in this space, I can ask questions without
fear of judgment. I can voice my perspective and know that
I will be validated for the fact that that is my truth. Others
may challenge my ideas, but that challenge is in the spirit of
greater shared understanding and growth.
Comfort: I feel that, in this space, my reality will be agreed
with, validated, and unchallenged. I donât have to explain
myself to be understood, and I donât have to justify my
perspective, as everyone shares it.
True dialogue happens in an environment where everyone is
safe but not always comfortable...
SO THAT THEY CAN LEARN AND GROW.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
6. Safe Spaces 2.0 â Brave Spaces
ď§ Controversy with Civility
ď§ Own your own intent and impact
ď§ Challenge by choice â with reflection
ď§ Respect in all its multiplicity
ď§ No personal attacks, but pointed
challenges are okay
ď§ Be mindful of the true source of your
emotions
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
8. Culture [consists] primarily of the
symbolic, ideational, and intangible
aspects of human societies⌠It is the
values, symbols, interpretations, and
perspectives that distinguish one
people from another.
James A. Banks
What is Culture?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
9. Dimensions of Identity and Culture
This model of identifiers and culture was created by Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman for NAIS Summer Diversity Institute,
adapted from Loden and Rosenerâs Workforce America! (1991) and from Diverse Teams at Work, Gardenswartz & Rowe (SHRM 2003).
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
10. Cultural Competency
Cultural competence is a set of
congruent behaviors, attitudes and
policies that come together in a
system, institution or individual and
enable that system, institution or
individual to work effectively in cross-
cultural situations.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Terry Cross
11. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
The Jones Model of Cultural Competence
Cultural Self-
Awareness
Cultural
Intelligence
Cross-Cultural
Effectiveness
Skills
Countering
Oppression
through
Inclusion
12. Cultural Competency: Key Elements
Value Orientation
Diversity as Value Added
Respect
Relationships
Equity
Thought Orientation
Knowledge
Awareness
Systems Thinking
Action Orientation
Consciousness Building
Capacity Building
Assessment
Adaptation
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
13. Process Break
Where do you feel your
school is currently in its
development toward cultural
competency? What makes
you think so? What are
some initial thoughts on what
areas the school can
improve?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
15. Experiences Across Difference
Internalized Oppression/Dominance
Stereotype Threat
Accumulated Impact/
Microaggressions
Code/Mode Switching
Fish Seeing the Water
âNormalâ versus âGoodâ
âIntentâ versus âImpactâ
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
16. Reflection Conversations
How do experiences of
identity and difference
show up at BSS? In what
ways does the school
excel, and in what ways
can the school grow?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
19. Caucus Groups
ď§ Think about your various identities, and which
ones hold much importance to you.
ď§ Which one of your identities do you feel most
moved to advocate for and educate around?
ď§ You will be answering the following prompts:
â What we never want people to say, think, or
do towards our group isâŚ
â What we want you to know about our group
isâŚ
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
National Coalition Building Institute, Seattle Chapter, âBuilding Bridges Workshop,â Adapted by Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
20. Caucus Groups Formation
ď§ Groups Identified
ď§ Locations Assigned
ď§ Caucus Groups
Meeting Time
ď§ Caucus Group
Report Outs
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
21. To Keep in Mind:
ď§ Write down all answers to prompts.
ď§ Think about which items youâd like to
share with the larger group.
ď§ Everyone in the group is invited to stand
together.
ď§ Decide who will share items and how.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
22. Caucus Groups/Locales:
ď§ Mother of Children
with Differences (2)
ď§ Women in Male-
Dominated Positions (3)
ď§ Being Childless (4)
ď§ Adoptees (5)
ď§ Feminist (6)
ď§ Not Following
Traditional Age Timeline
(7)
ď§ Being the Only
Member of Your Ethnic
Group (8)
ď§ Being Black (9)
ď§ Religious Minority (11)
ď§ Being Religious (12)
ď§ Working Parent (13)
ď§ LGBTQAITS (14)
ď§ Immigrant (16)
ď§ Low Vision (19)
ď§ Single Parent (20)
ď§ Rural Upbringing (21)
ď§ Boarding Student (22)
ď§ Second + Generation
(23)
ď§ Mental Illness (24)
ď§ Female (25)
ď§ Male (26)
ď§ Ethnic Minority (27)
ď§ Perceived Dominant
(30)
ď§ Political Spectrum (29)
ď§ Educational
Background (1)
ď§ Artists/Creative Types
(18)
ď§ Introverts (17)
ď§ Stigmatized bject
Teachers (15)
ď§ Geeks (10)
â What we
never want
people to
say, think, or
do towards
our group
isâŚ
â What we
want you to
know about
our group
isâŚ
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
23. Caucus Groups Work Time
Please document the responses to the following
prompts:
â What we never want people to say, think, or
do towards our group isâŚ
â What we want you to know about our group
isâŚ
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
25. Debrief: Caucus Groups
1. What information was new,
informative, moving, etc. to
you?
2. How does this information
change what you will think or
do in the future?
3. What action can you take to
become a better advocate for
yourself?
4. What action can you take to
become a better ally for
others?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
26. Debunking Some Myths
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
ď§ All or None
ď§ Mistakes and Moral Worth
ď§ Apologies
ď§ âTonsilsâ Theory
ď§ Vulnerability
27. Speaking From the Heart
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
28. What Weâre Thinking and Feeling
When Receiving the Ouch
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Did that really
happen? Do they
realize? I want to
trust, but Iâve had
this happen so
many times before.
I am so stressed,
confused, hurtâŚ.
29. What We End Up Saying
When Receiving the Ouch
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
That was so
offensive!
I canât believe
you did that!
30. Self Advocacy Through the Ouch Moment
ď§ Affirm the person or relationship
ď§ Describe the behavior without judgment
ď§ Explain the emotion/impact and your filters
ď§ Assume positive intent
ď§ Request or suggest different behavior
*** Key Points: timing, I statements, actions not
adjectives, inside feelings not outside feelings***
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
31. Self Advocacy Through an Ouch Moment:
An Example
Is this an okay time to talk? I really appreciate
having you as a colleague. Weâve collaborated
well, and I respect the contributions you make to
the team. Earlier today, when we were in a
disagreement about the budget allocation, I heard
you say, âYouâre being such an emotional
woman.â I was really hurt when I heard that. I am
passionate and express myself openly, and it
seems like so many people misinterpret that as
my being a too emotional and that itâs because I
am a woman. Itâs frustrating and saddening that I
donât get to express myself fully or authentically
without judgment. I imagine you didnât mean for
me to feel that way. Can I ask that you please not
say things like that anymore?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
32. Practice Round:
Self Advocacy Through the Ouch Moment
ď§ Affirm the person or relationship
ď§ Describe the behavior without judgment
ď§ Explain the emotion/impact and your filters
ď§ Assume positive intent
ď§ Request or suggest different behavior
*** Key Points: timing, I statements, actions not
adjectives, inside feelings not outside feelings***
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
34. What Weâre Thinking and Feeling
When Witnessing the Ouch
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
I canât believe this
is happening.
Thatâs SO not
right. Should I
say something?
Am I butting in?
Would it help?
I am so upset!
35. What We End Up Saying
When Witnessing the Ouch
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
36. What Others Hear When We Say Nothing
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
See? They
agree with me!
I am so right
about this.
No one sees or
understands. I
am alone.
37. NCBI Effective
Interventions Model
ď§ Reduce Defensiveness
â Tone
â Body Language
â Respect
ď§ Keep the Conversation Going
â Hear Them Out
â Ask Open-Ended Questions
â Set Aside Your Feeling for the Moment
â Dialogue
ď§ Build the Relationship
ď§ Stop the Behavior
ď§ Win an Ally
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
38. Say Something to Somebody
ď§ Now or Later (or Say It Now About a Later)
ď§ Target, Agent, Fellow Bystanders, Authority Figures
âIn the End, we will remember not the words of
our enemies, but the silence of our friends.â
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
39. Intervening in the Ouch Moment: Examples
ď§ Seek pleasure and delight in the other person
â âHow many blondes does it take to screw in a light bulb?â
â âIâm SO glad you told me that joke. Iâve been trying to figure out why we think people
with yellow hair are stupid.â
ď§ Find out the experience motivating the comment
â âWhy canât they just speak English around here?â
â âIt must be hard not to understand what people are saying around you.â
â âIâm sick of my tuition paying for scholarship students.â
â âTell me more about that.â
ď§ Use exaggerated humor to highlight whatâs going on
(use sparingly)
â âThat movie is so gay.â
â âThat movie is attracted to other movies? I didnât know that was possible!â
ď§ Join the person and do not make yourself superior
â âShe got that award because sheâs black and female.â
â âYou know, I hear that a lot. Iâve been trying to figure out why we seem to think when a
black woman gets recognized it must be because of âdiversityâ stuff rather than that she
earned it.â
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
40. Practice Round:
Intervening in the Ouch Moment
ď§ Seek pleasure and delight in the other person
ď§ Find out the experience motivating the comment
ď§ Use exaggerated humor to highlight whatâs going
on (use sparingly)
ď§ Join the person and do not make yourself superior
***Ask open ended questions***
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
41. Listening to the Real Message
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
42. What Was Said During the Intervention
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Those words or
actions are
hurtful to me.
Please stop.
43. What We Hear During the Intervention
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
You are a
bad, bad
person, and I
hate you!
44. What We Should Hear
During the Intervention
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
You are basically a good
and decent person. As
with all of us, youâve
made a mistake in
behavior or words, and
you may not know the
impact they have on
others. I am going to
give you the gift of
information so that your
impacts can match your
intent.
45. When Youâre Told About
the Ouch Moment You Created
ď§ Listen with full attention
ď§ Donât try to defend or respond right away
â Take deep breaths
â Acknowledge your feelings
ď§ Your mistakes donât define you
â Be worthy of their trust and gift
ď§ Prioritize the Impact over Intent
â Apologize for real
*** Moving through these moments with grace is
called shame resilience. Itâs a vital skill***
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
46. When Youâre Told About
the Ouch Moment You Created:
Examples
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
ď§ âI really appreciate your telling me this.â
ď§ âIâm so embarrassed that I did that.â
ď§ âIâm so sorry my words and actions made you feel
that way. No matter what I intended, it hurt you.â
ď§ âIâm pretty overwhelmed right now, and I donât
want to respond in a way Iâd regret. Do you think
you can help me come up with a better way to
handle that situation after I get into a calmer
place?â
ď§ âI wanted to go back to a moment I donât think I
handled very well⌠Can we talk?â
47. When Youâre Told About
an Ouch Moment You Made
ď§ Listen with full attention
ď§ Donât try to defend or respond right away
â Take deep breaths
â Acknowledge your feelings
ď§ Your mistakes donât define you
â Be worthy of their trust and gift
ď§ Prioritize the Impact over Intent
â Apologize for real
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
48. Final Words of Advice:
Recognize Your Triggers
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
49. Find Your Bucket People
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
54. Developmental Model of Intercultural
Sensitivity (DMIS) Schematic
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
55. ⢠Policy â Enumeration of the schoolâs diversity
commitment through mission, strategic plan,
handbooks, websites, etc.
⢠Programming â Diversity training and programming for
all constituencies (board, admin, faculty, staff,
students, families, etc.). Diversity and inclusivity
curriculum.
⢠Practice â Consistent and meaningful revisit of policy and
programs. Climate assessments, proactive changes,
and meaningful responses to incidents.
⢠People â Critical mass of people who are supportive AND
active on all levels.
⢠Pecuniary â Funding, people, and time allocated in the
strategic plan and daily life for supporting diversity
efforts.
Identifying Growth Zones â The 5Ps
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
57. Presenter Information
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
6th Faculty and
Professional Outreach
Seattle Girlsâ School
2706 S Jackson Street
Seattle WA 98144
(206) 805-6562
rlee@seattlegirlsschool.org
http://tiny.cc/rosettalee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
58. Identity Resources
⢠Carlos H. Arce, âA Reconsideration of Chicano Culture
and Identityâ
⢠Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, âRacial/Cultural Identity
Development Model (R/CID)â
⢠Mindy Bingham and Sandy Stryker, âSocioemotional
Development for Girlsâ
⢠Vivienne Cass, âHomosexual identity formation: Testing
a theoretical modelâ
⢠William Cross, Shades of Black: Diversity in African
American Identityâ
⢠Anthony DâAugelli, â Identity development and sexual
orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and
bisexual developmentâ
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
59. Identity Resources
⢠Erik Erikson, âEight Stages of Manâ
⢠J. E. Helms, Various Publications on Racial and Ethnic
Identity Development
⢠Jean Kim, âProcesses of Asian American Identity
Developmentâ
⢠James Maricia, âFour Ego and Identity Statusesâ
⢠Suzanne Kobasa Ouellette, âThe Three Câs of
Hardinessâ
⢠Jean S. Phinney, âEthnic Identity in Adolescents and
Adults: Review of the Researchâ
⢠Ponterotto & Pederso, Preventing Prejudice
⢠Maria P. P. Root, Various Works on Multiracial Identity
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
60. Identity Resources
⢠Patricia Romney, Karlene Ferron, and Jennifer Hill,
âMeasuring the Success of Diversity Directors in
Independent Schoolsâ
⢠Pedro Ruiz, âLatino/a Identity Development Modelâ
⢠Chalmer E. Thompson and Robert T. Carter, Racial
Identity Theory
⢠Alex Wilson, âHow We Find Ourselves: Identity
Development and Two Spirit Peopleâ
⢠Christine J. Yeh, âThe Collectivistic Nature of Identity
Development Among Asian-American College
Studentsâ
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
61. Resources
ď§ Joshua M. Aronson, Ph.D., âImproving Achievement &
Narrowing the Gap,â Learning and the Brain
Conference, Cambridge, MA, November 2003
ď§ Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference.
ď§ Miss Representation, documentary film on media and
women
ď§ United Nations Population Fund Statistics on Gender
Equality as of 2005
http://www.unfpa.org/swp/2005/presskit/factsheets/facts
_gender.htm
ď§ Learning to be critically literate of mass media
http://www.medialit.org/
ď§ Media Guide for Parents and Educators
http://www.commonsensemedia.org/
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
62. Gender Specific Resources
ď§ Jennifer Bryan, various trainings and publications on gender
and sexuality diversity, From the Dress Up Corner to the
Senior Prom
ď§ JoAnn Deak, Ph.D., Girls Will Be Girls: Raising Confident and
Courageous Daughters, How Girls Thrive
ď§ Jackson Katz, Tough Guise, Wrestling with Manhood, The
Macho Paradox
ď§ John Medina, Talaris Research Institute, various studies on
early gender differences in competition and play
ď§ Mary Pipher, Ph.D., Reviving Ophelia: Saving the Selves of
Adolescent Girls
ď§ Rachel Simmons, Odd Girl Out, Odd Girl Speaks Out, Curse
of the Good Girl
ď§ Michael Thompson, Raising Cain, Speaking of Boys, Itâs a
Boy!
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
63. Communication Resources
⢠âStereotype Threatâ by Joshua Aronson
⢠Brenda J. Allen, Difference Matters: Communicating
Social Identity
⢠William Gudykunst, Cross-Cultural and Intercultural
Comunication
⢠Milton Bennett, PhD, Intercultural Communication
Institute www.intercultural.org
⢠âNon-Verbal Communication Across Culturesâ by Erica
Hagen, Intercultural Communication Resources
⢠Thiagi.com
⢠Thrive! Team Dynamics
⢠http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/action_science_
history.htm
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
64. Miscellaneous Resources
⢠Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman, âPrivilege and
Power,â Summer Diversity Institute, National Association
of Independent Schools, 2009
⢠Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, Nurture Shock
⢠Kevin Jennings, GLSEN (Gay Lesbian and Straight Education
Network) www.glsen.org
⢠Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference
⢠Johnnie McKinley, âLeveling the Playing Field and Raising
African American Studentsâ Achievement in Twenty-nine
Urban Classrooms,â New Horizons for Learning,
http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/differentiated/
mckinley.htm
Michael J Nakkula and Eric Toshalis, Understanding Youth.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)