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Diversity in Independent Schools:
What Leaders Need to Know

Columbus Academy
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Seattle Girls’ School
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
About Seattle Girls’ School

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Goals


Understanding the Case for Diversity



Assessing Where You Are



Priming for Change (or Sustaining It)



Recruitment TO Retention



Assessing and Reassessing



Resources
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Dimensions of Identity and Culture

This model of identifiers and culture was created by Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman for NAIS Summer Diversity Institute,
adapted from Loden and Rosener’s Workforce America! (1991) and from Diverse Teams at Work, Gardenswartz & Rowe (SHRM 2003).

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Understanding the Case
for Diversity and Inclusion



The Moral Case



The Academic Case



The Economic Case

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
6Cs of 21st Century
Education and Excellence


Critical Thinking



Collaboration



Communication



Creativity



Cosmopolitanism/Cross-Cultural
Competency
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Developmental Model of Intercultural
Sensitivity (DMIS) Schematic

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
From Exclusive to Inclusive:
Developmental Stages

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Hallmarks of Earlier Phases
 People feel pressure to fit in
 People fear speaking up
 “Who you know” is more important than “what you

know” (relationship-based culture)

 You only trust those closest to you (cliques)
 Denial of differences is considered a virtue (“we

don’t see differences here”)

 It’s hard for outsiders to learn the rules (sink or

swim to prove yourself)
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Hallmarks of Later Phases
 People can bring their full selves to school
 The school encourages and welcomes people to

contribute different opinions and points of view
 There is a performance driven culture

 People form dynamic and diverse groups (trust)
 Differences are seen as additive and productive
 Success is explicitly defined, and the school supports

people in achieving it
 The school has an interactive culture
 People have the competencies to adapt to different

cultural contexts.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Schools Have ZPDs, Too!
Status Quo:
Reliance on what the
school does already
and naturally
Zone of Proximal
Development:
Mindful and strategic
change toward the
next stage of growth

Too Much, Too Fast:
Unrealistic demands
on the community
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Getting There From Here:
Life Cycle of Initiatives

Abe Wehmiller, NAIS Summer Diversity Institute

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Success vs Failure of Initiatives
------ + Consensus + Skills + Incentive + Resources + Action Plan = Confusion
Vision + ------ + Skills + Incentive + Resources + Action Plan = Sabotage
Vision + Consensus + ------ + Incentive + Resources + Action Plan = Anxiety
Vision + Consensus + Skills + ------ + Resources + Action Plan = Resistance
Vision + Consensus + Skills + Incentive + ------ + Action Plan = Frustration
Vision + Consensus + Skills + Incentive + Resources + ------ = Treadmill
Vision + Consensus + Skills + Incentive + Resources + Action Plan = Change

*Adapted from T. Krosier’s “Managing Complex Change.”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Identifying Growth Zones – The 5Ps

• Policy – Enumeration of the school’s diversity
commitment through mission, strategic plan,
handbooks, websites, etc.

• Programming – Diversity training and programming for
all constituencies (board, admin, faculty, staff,
students, families, etc.). Diversity and inclusivity
curriculum.
• Practice – Consistent and meaningful revisit of policy and
programs. Climate assessments, proactive changes,
and meaningful responses to incidents.
• People – Critical mass of people who are supportive AND
active on all levels.
• Pecuniary – Funding allocated in the strategic plan for
supporting diversity efforts.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)
Concentrating on the People:
Recruitment TO Retention

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Stages of Recruitment to Retention
 Recruiting

 Interviewing
 Admitting/Hiring
 Starting before the first school year begins

 Conducting professional development
 Mentoring and collaborating
 Assessing, supervising, observing and evaluating
 Granting tenure/permanence/leadership
 Sustaining the connection
 Developing career-long learners
 Renewing and reorienting
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Leveraging Your People
 Back up your enthusiasts 15-20%

 Sanction outright resisters 15-20%
 Work on your 60-70%
 Be authentic about where you are

 Support your pioneers
 Cultivate your voice of conscience
 Contribute your stubborn ounces
 Constantly reference your mission

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Keeping Up To Date:
Assessment and Training

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Assess and Reassess
 Demographic Trends







– Entrance Numbers
– Attrition Numbers
– Disciplinary Cases
– Academic Cases
– Financial Aid Breakdowns
Climate Surveys
Exit Interviews
Programmatic Surveys
Pre-Post Assessments
Every 1-2 Years
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Cultural Competency Skillsets
 Identity Development

 Cross Cultural









Communication
Intercultural Conflict
Bias, Power, and Systems
Privilege and Allyship
School Culture and Change
Inclusive Curriculum
Leading and Following
Cultural Adaptation

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Doing It on a Budget
 Free Climate Surveys
 Survey Monkey
 Word Clouds

 Task Forces
 Online Courses with






Cohorts
Post Conference ShareOuts and Trainings
Book Discussion Groups
Expertise Exchange
Forming Consortia With
Other Schools
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Resources Available
at tiny.cc/rosettalee
 Common Vocabulary
 Assessment Tools From Various Organizations
 Links to Resource Websites

 Professional Development Options
 Must Read Books
 Can’t Find What You’re Looking For? Contact Me!

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Making Choices, Setting Priorities

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Final Questions or Comments?

Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Presenter Information
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
6th Faculty and
Professional Outreach
Seattle Girls’ School
2706 S Jackson Street
Seattle WA 98144
(206) 805-6562
rlee@seattlegirlsschool.org

http://tiny.cc/rosettalee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Identity Resources
• Carlos H. Arce, “A Reconsideration of Chicano Culture
and Identity”
• Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, “Racial/Cultural Identity
Development Model (R/CID)”
• Mindy Bingham and Sandy Stryker, “Socioemotional
Development for Girls”
• Vivienne Cass, “Homosexual identity formation: Testing a
theoretical model”
• William Cross, Shades of Black: Diversity in African
American Identity”
• Anthony D’Augelli, “ Identity development and sexual
orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and
bisexual development”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Identity Resources
• Erik Erikson, “Eight Stages of Man”
• J. E. Helms, Various Publications on Racial and Ethnic
Identity Development
• Jean Kim, “Processes of Asian American Identity
Development”
• James Maricia, “Four Ego and Identity Statuses”
• Suzanne Kobasa Ouellette, “The Three C’s of Hardiness”
• Jean S. Phinney, “Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and
Adults: Review of the Research”
• Ponterotto & Pederso, Preventing Prejudice
• Maria P. P. Root, Various Works on Multiracial Identity
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Identity Resources
• Patricia Romney, Karlene Ferron, and Jennifer Hill,
“Measuring the Success of Diversity Directors in
Independent Schools”
• Pedro Ruiz, “Latino/a Identity Development Model”
• Chalmer E. Thompson and Robert T. Carter, Racial
Identity Theory
• Alex Wilson, “How We Find Ourselves: Identity
Development and Two Spirit People”
• Christine J. Yeh, “The Collectivistic Nature of Identity
Development Among Asian-American College
Students”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Communication Resources
• “Stereotype Threat” by Joshua Aronson
• Brenda J. Allen, Difference Matters: Communicating
Social Identity
• William Gudykunst, Cross-Cultural and Intercultural
Comunication
• Milton Bennett, PhD, Intercultural Communication
Institute www.intercultural.org
• “Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures” by Erica
Hagen, Intercultural Communication Resources
• Thiagi.com
• Thrive! Team Dynamics
• http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/action_science_
history.htm
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Miscellaneous Resources
• Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman, “Privilege and
Power,” Summer Diversity Institute, National Association
of Independent Schools, 2009
• Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, Nurture Shock
• Kevin Jennings, GLSEN (Gay Lesbian and Straight Education
Network) www.glsen.org
• Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference
• Johnnie McKinley, “Leveling the Playing Field and Raising
African American Students’ Achievement in Twenty-nine
Urban Classrooms,” New Horizons for Learning,
http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/differentiated/
mckinley.htm
Michael J Nakkula and Eric Toshalis, Understanding Youth.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Miscellaneous Resources
• Cornell University ILR Management Programs
(www.ilr.cornell.edu)

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

National Training Lab (www.ntl.org)
Robert Evans, The Human Side of School Change
Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point
Jim Collins, Good To Great
Stephen R. Covey’s Coveylink
Stephen M. R. Covey, The Speed of Trust
Michelle Cummings, Training-Wheels.com
Terrence Deal and Kent Peterson, Shaping School
Culture: The Heart of Leadership
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)

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Columbus Academy Diversity Leadership

  • 1. Diversity in Independent Schools: What Leaders Need to Know Columbus Academy Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee Seattle Girls’ School Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 2. About Seattle Girls’ School Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 3. Goals  Understanding the Case for Diversity  Assessing Where You Are  Priming for Change (or Sustaining It)  Recruitment TO Retention  Assessing and Reassessing  Resources Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 4. Dimensions of Identity and Culture This model of identifiers and culture was created by Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman for NAIS Summer Diversity Institute, adapted from Loden and Rosener’s Workforce America! (1991) and from Diverse Teams at Work, Gardenswartz & Rowe (SHRM 2003). Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 5. Understanding the Case for Diversity and Inclusion  The Moral Case  The Academic Case  The Economic Case Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 6. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 7. 6Cs of 21st Century Education and Excellence  Critical Thinking  Collaboration  Communication  Creativity  Cosmopolitanism/Cross-Cultural Competency Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 8. Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) Schematic Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 9. From Exclusive to Inclusive: Developmental Stages Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 10. Hallmarks of Earlier Phases  People feel pressure to fit in  People fear speaking up  “Who you know” is more important than “what you know” (relationship-based culture)  You only trust those closest to you (cliques)  Denial of differences is considered a virtue (“we don’t see differences here”)  It’s hard for outsiders to learn the rules (sink or swim to prove yourself) Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 11. Hallmarks of Later Phases  People can bring their full selves to school  The school encourages and welcomes people to contribute different opinions and points of view  There is a performance driven culture  People form dynamic and diverse groups (trust)  Differences are seen as additive and productive  Success is explicitly defined, and the school supports people in achieving it  The school has an interactive culture  People have the competencies to adapt to different cultural contexts. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 12. Schools Have ZPDs, Too! Status Quo: Reliance on what the school does already and naturally Zone of Proximal Development: Mindful and strategic change toward the next stage of growth Too Much, Too Fast: Unrealistic demands on the community Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 13. Getting There From Here: Life Cycle of Initiatives Abe Wehmiller, NAIS Summer Diversity Institute Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 14. Success vs Failure of Initiatives ------ + Consensus + Skills + Incentive + Resources + Action Plan = Confusion Vision + ------ + Skills + Incentive + Resources + Action Plan = Sabotage Vision + Consensus + ------ + Incentive + Resources + Action Plan = Anxiety Vision + Consensus + Skills + ------ + Resources + Action Plan = Resistance Vision + Consensus + Skills + Incentive + ------ + Action Plan = Frustration Vision + Consensus + Skills + Incentive + Resources + ------ = Treadmill Vision + Consensus + Skills + Incentive + Resources + Action Plan = Change *Adapted from T. Krosier’s “Managing Complex Change.” Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 15. Identifying Growth Zones – The 5Ps • Policy – Enumeration of the school’s diversity commitment through mission, strategic plan, handbooks, websites, etc. • Programming – Diversity training and programming for all constituencies (board, admin, faculty, staff, students, families, etc.). Diversity and inclusivity curriculum. • Practice – Consistent and meaningful revisit of policy and programs. Climate assessments, proactive changes, and meaningful responses to incidents. • People – Critical mass of people who are supportive AND active on all levels. • Pecuniary – Funding allocated in the strategic plan for supporting diversity efforts. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://sites.google.com/site/sgsprofessionaloutreach/)
  • 16. Concentrating on the People: Recruitment TO Retention Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 17. Stages of Recruitment to Retention  Recruiting  Interviewing  Admitting/Hiring  Starting before the first school year begins  Conducting professional development  Mentoring and collaborating  Assessing, supervising, observing and evaluating  Granting tenure/permanence/leadership  Sustaining the connection  Developing career-long learners  Renewing and reorienting Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 18. Leveraging Your People  Back up your enthusiasts 15-20%  Sanction outright resisters 15-20%  Work on your 60-70%  Be authentic about where you are  Support your pioneers  Cultivate your voice of conscience  Contribute your stubborn ounces  Constantly reference your mission Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 19. Keeping Up To Date: Assessment and Training Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 20. Assess and Reassess  Demographic Trends      – Entrance Numbers – Attrition Numbers – Disciplinary Cases – Academic Cases – Financial Aid Breakdowns Climate Surveys Exit Interviews Programmatic Surveys Pre-Post Assessments Every 1-2 Years Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 21. Cultural Competency Skillsets  Identity Development  Cross Cultural        Communication Intercultural Conflict Bias, Power, and Systems Privilege and Allyship School Culture and Change Inclusive Curriculum Leading and Following Cultural Adaptation Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 22. Doing It on a Budget  Free Climate Surveys  Survey Monkey  Word Clouds  Task Forces  Online Courses with     Cohorts Post Conference ShareOuts and Trainings Book Discussion Groups Expertise Exchange Forming Consortia With Other Schools Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 23. Resources Available at tiny.cc/rosettalee  Common Vocabulary  Assessment Tools From Various Organizations  Links to Resource Websites  Professional Development Options  Must Read Books  Can’t Find What You’re Looking For? Contact Me! Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 24. Making Choices, Setting Priorities Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 25. Final Questions or Comments? Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 26. Presenter Information Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee 6th Faculty and Professional Outreach Seattle Girls’ School 2706 S Jackson Street Seattle WA 98144 (206) 805-6562 rlee@seattlegirlsschool.org http://tiny.cc/rosettalee Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 27. Identity Resources • Carlos H. Arce, “A Reconsideration of Chicano Culture and Identity” • Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, “Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model (R/CID)” • Mindy Bingham and Sandy Stryker, “Socioemotional Development for Girls” • Vivienne Cass, “Homosexual identity formation: Testing a theoretical model” • William Cross, Shades of Black: Diversity in African American Identity” • Anthony D’Augelli, “ Identity development and sexual orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and bisexual development” Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 28. Identity Resources • Erik Erikson, “Eight Stages of Man” • J. E. Helms, Various Publications on Racial and Ethnic Identity Development • Jean Kim, “Processes of Asian American Identity Development” • James Maricia, “Four Ego and Identity Statuses” • Suzanne Kobasa Ouellette, “The Three C’s of Hardiness” • Jean S. Phinney, “Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and Adults: Review of the Research” • Ponterotto & Pederso, Preventing Prejudice • Maria P. P. Root, Various Works on Multiracial Identity Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 29. Identity Resources • Patricia Romney, Karlene Ferron, and Jennifer Hill, “Measuring the Success of Diversity Directors in Independent Schools” • Pedro Ruiz, “Latino/a Identity Development Model” • Chalmer E. Thompson and Robert T. Carter, Racial Identity Theory • Alex Wilson, “How We Find Ourselves: Identity Development and Two Spirit People” • Christine J. Yeh, “The Collectivistic Nature of Identity Development Among Asian-American College Students” Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 30. Communication Resources • “Stereotype Threat” by Joshua Aronson • Brenda J. Allen, Difference Matters: Communicating Social Identity • William Gudykunst, Cross-Cultural and Intercultural Comunication • Milton Bennett, PhD, Intercultural Communication Institute www.intercultural.org • “Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures” by Erica Hagen, Intercultural Communication Resources • Thiagi.com • Thrive! Team Dynamics • http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/action_science_ history.htm Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 31. Miscellaneous Resources • Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman, “Privilege and Power,” Summer Diversity Institute, National Association of Independent Schools, 2009 • Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, Nurture Shock • Kevin Jennings, GLSEN (Gay Lesbian and Straight Education Network) www.glsen.org • Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference • Johnnie McKinley, “Leveling the Playing Field and Raising African American Students’ Achievement in Twenty-nine Urban Classrooms,” New Horizons for Learning, http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/differentiated/ mckinley.htm Michael J Nakkula and Eric Toshalis, Understanding Youth. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
  • 32. Miscellaneous Resources • Cornell University ILR Management Programs (www.ilr.cornell.edu) • • • • • • • • National Training Lab (www.ntl.org) Robert Evans, The Human Side of School Change Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point Jim Collins, Good To Great Stephen R. Covey’s Coveylink Stephen M. R. Covey, The Speed of Trust Michelle Cummings, Training-Wheels.com Terrence Deal and Kent Peterson, Shaping School Culture: The Heart of Leadership Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)