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These PPT's explains the mechanism and the types involved in Optical Fiber Connectors.
2. OPTICAL FIBER CONNECTORS
The optical connectors are generally used to join sources as well as detectors
to optical fiber temporarily.
Some of the principal requirements of a good connector design are as follows:
Low losses
Interchangeability
Ease of assembly
Low environmental sensitivity
Low-cost and reliable construction
Ease of connection
3. TYPES OF FIBER CONNECTORS
Basically there are four types of Fiber optic connectors:
Butt Joint.
Resilient ferrule.
Grooved plate hybrids.
Expanded beam.
Lets concentrate on Butt Joint and Expanded Beam.
Straight sleeve
Tapered sleeve
4. BUTT JOINT CONNECTORS
• Butt joint connectors employ a metal, ceramic or molded plastic ferrule
for each fiber and a precision sleeve into which the ferrule fit.
• The fiber is epoxied into a precision hole which has been drilled into the
ferrule.
• They are of two type: Straight Sleeve and Tapered Sleeve.
5. • In Straight sleeve connector, the
length of the sleeve and a guide
ring on the ferrules determine the
end separation of fibers.
• In tapered sleeve, it uses a tapered
sleeve to accept and guide tapered
ferrules.
• Again the sleeve length and guide
rings maintain a given fiber-end
separation.
6. EXPANDED BEAM CONNECTOR
It employs lenses on the ends of the fibers.
These lenses either collimate the light from
transmitting fiber or focus the expanded beam onto
the core of the receiving filter.
Fiber to lens distance = focal length of lens.
Advantages:
• Connector is less dependent on lateral alignments.
• Beam splitters and switches can be easily inserted
into expanded beam between fiber ends.
7. A fiber optic coupler is a device used in optical fiber systems with one or more input fibers
and one or several output fibers.
Light entering an input fiber can appear at one or more outputs and its power distribution
potentially depending on the wavelength and polarization.
Such couplers can be fabricated in different ways, for example by thermally fusing fibers so
that their cores get into intimate contact.
It is not possible to combine two or more inputs of the same optical frequency into one
single-polarization output without significant excess losses.
However, such a restriction does not occur for different input wavelengths: there are
couplers that can combine two inputs at different wavelengths into one output without
exhibiting significant losses.
Wavelength-sensitive couplers are used as multiplexers in wavelength-division multiplexing
(WDM) telecom systems to combine several input channels with different wavelengths, or to
separate channels.