2. BREAST FEEDING.
Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is
the feeding of babies and young children
with milk from a woman's breast.
Exclusive breast feeding should be given for
the first six months.
3. ADVANTAGES OF BREAST
FEEDING
Benefits to the baby
Complete food
Easily digested and well absorbed.
Protects against infection.
Promotes emotional bonding.
Better brain growth.
4. Benefits to mother
Helps in involution of uterus
Delays pregnancy
Lowers risk of breast and ovarian
cancer.
Decreases mothers workload
5. Benefits to family and
society
Saves money
Contribute to child
survival
Decreases need for
hospitalization.
6. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Breast consist of glandular tissue ,supporting tissue
and fat.
Milk is secreted by the glands which travels through
the tubules which drains in to lactiferous sinuses.
7. The sinuses which store small quantities of milk
.They open out on to the nipple lactiferous ducts .
A thin layer of muscle surrounds each gland. The
contraction of these muscles causes ejection of
milk from the glands.
8. MILK SECRETION AND
EJECTION
Prolactin reflex
Prolactin is produced by the anterior pituitary
gland which is responsible for milk secretion.
When the baby sucks, the nerve endings of the
nipple carry message to the anterior pituitary
which in turn releases prolactin.
This hormone passes through the blood to the
glands in the breast, promoting milk secretion
9. Oxytocin reflex
Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the posterior
pituitary. It is responsible for the contraction of the
myo-epithelium around the glands leading to
ejection of milk from the glands in to the lactiferous
sinuses and lactiferous ducts.
10.
11. TYPES OF BREAST MILK
Colostrum-Milk secreted during the first
week after delivery . It is yellow, thick and
contains more antibodies and white blood
cells.
Transitional milk-Milk secreted during the
following two weeks. The immunoglobulin
and protein content decreases while the
fat and sugar content increases
12. Mature milk-Thinner and watery but
contains all the nutrients essential for the
growth of the baby
Fore milk-Milk secreted at the start of the
feed. Watery and rich in protein, sugar
vitamins, minerals and water
Hind milk-Comes later towards the end of
the feed and in fat, provides more energy
and satisfies baby’s hunger
14. HELPING A MOTHER TO BREAST
FEED
Preparing the infant and mother.
1. Ensure that the infant is
clinically stable.
2. Ensure that the infant is alert
3. Make sure that the mother is
comfortable and relaxed.
4. Make her sit down in a
comfortable and convenient
position.
15. Demonstrate the four key
points in position.
1. Baby’s head and body should
be straight.
2. Baby’s face should face
mothers breast.
3. Baby’s body should be close to
her body.
4. Mother should support the
baby’s whole body
16. Show the mother how to
support her breast with
the other hand.
1. Put her fingers below
breast
2. Use her first finger to
support the breast
17. Look for signs of good
attachment
1. More areola is visible above
the baby’s mouth than below
it.
2. Baby’s mouth is wide open
3. Baby’s lower is turned
outwards.
4. Baby’s chin is touching the
breast.
18.
19. HOW FREQUENTLY A MOTHER
HAS TO BREAST FEED HER
BABY?
A healthy newborn baby can be breast
feed on demand.
20. ASSESSING THE FREQUENCY OF
BREAST FEEDING
Passes urine 6-8 times in 24 hours.
Goes to sleep for 23 hours after the feed.
Gains weight 15-30 gm per day
22. KEY MESSAGE TO PROMOTE
EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING
Put baby to feed at breast as
soon as possible after birth
preferably in the delivery
room.
Do not discard the colostrum
Keep baby close to mother.
Mother may lie down, sit on a
bed chair or floor to breast
feed her.
23. Breast feed during the day and
night for at least eight to ten
times and whenever baby cries
with hunger
The more baby sucks at
breast, more milk the breast
will produce and healthier the
baby becomes.
Allow baby to feed at one
breast until he leaves the
nipple on his own.
24. Give baby only one breast
for the first six month.
Don’t give baby ghutti
water, gripe water, honey,
animal or powered milk
before six months.
Never use bottles and
pacifier
25. ISSUES IN BREAST FEEDING.
SORE NIPPLES
Causes
1. Incorrect attachments:
Nipple sucking
2. Frequent use of soap
and water.
3. Fungal infection of
nipple
26. Treatment
1. Continue breast feeding and change
position .
2. Apply hind milk to the nipple after breast
feed.
3. Expose the nipple to air between feeds .
Do not wash time before and after feed.
4. Use local antifungal medication.
27. Breast engorgement
Milk production increases during the second and
third day after delivery. If feeding is delayed,
infrequent or the baby is not well positioned at the
breast, the milk accumulates in the alveoli.
28. Treatment.
Breast engorgement can be prevented by early and
frequent breast feeds and correct attachments of the
baby to the breast. Treatment consist of local warm
water packs for not more than 15 minutes.
Gently express the milk to soften the breast and then help
the mother to correctly latch the baby on the breast.
Cabbage therapy
29. Breast abscess.
If conditions like engorged breast, cracked nipples,
blocked neck are not treated early breast abscess
may develop.
Causes
Not breast feeding frequently
Too short or hurried breast feeding
Poor position
30. Treatment
Mother may treated with analgesics and
antibiotics.
Incision and drainage.
