Lisa Johnson presented at the 2014 WCET Conference on creating a culture of collaborative online course design at Ashford University College of Education. She discussed three main challenges they encountered: a culture of individualization, issues with communication processes between distinct workgroups, and fluid changes in processes, expectations, staffing and accreditation standards over time. To address these, Ashford developed strategies like a Course Design Café, an online course design handbook, a community of practice called "Dangerous Designers", and retooled roles to embed more support functions within course design teams.