2. โข Restrictions are not applied to
goods but to the possibility of
obtaining foreign currency to pay
for them.
3. Need for Exchange Control
โข -adopted by govt to conserve the
foreign exchange resources of the
country as well as to control exchange
rates through limitation of the
freedom or monopolization, of foreign
exchange transactions.
4. Exchange Control
โข -a complete or partial regulation by
the government covering payments
from one monetary area into all others
and/or the disposition of foreign
exchange receipts and incomes of
residents of the monetary area
concerned.
5. Nature and Scope
โข Advantage of covering not only
merchandise transactions as already stated
above but likewise the invisible items of
the balance of payments.
6. Objectives of the ExCon
1. To maintain the exchange rate and avoid the
flight of capital
2. To assure imports of items considered essential
to the countryโs well-being.
3. To stimulate the productin of certain goods
deemed vital to the economy
4. To discourage the productin of certain goods.
7. Maintain Exchage Rate
and Avoid Flight of Capital
โข Individuals were not permitted to transfer
funds abroad without the permission of the
govt obviously intended to prevent the flight
of capital.- occasioned by the demand for
foreign currency, that is converting domestic
currency into foreign currency which is
considered relatively stable.
8. To Assure imports of
Essential Items
โขPolicy
โขEssential Producerโs goods
โขEssential Consumerโs goods
9. To stimulate or discourage the
Production of certain goods.
Adoption of multiple
exchange rates
10. As Source of Revenue
โขDifference bet selling rate and
buying rate
11. MECHANISMS OF
EXCHANGE CONTROL
โข Compensation clearing agreement
โข Payment agreement ,
โข Unilateral and non-discriminatory
exchange control.
12. Trade and other Control
Measures
โข Quantitative Restrictions
โข Import Cost Restriction or Licensing
โข Contract bet. residents and non-residents
โข Complicated exchange and trade control
formalities and procedures
13. Effects of Exchange Control
1. Contributes to the a reduction of merchandise imports.
2. It usually has the effect of altering a countryโs terms of trade.
3. There is generated increasing employment opportunities for members
of the countryโs labor force.
4. The industries favored with the grant of lavish amounts of foreign
exchange allocations with which to import the things they need in
their operation are insured.
5. When forex could no longer be obtained with ease as it used to be
when restrictions were totally absent, the salting of foreign exchange
through smuggling as well as undervaluation of exports and
overvaluation of imports become an observed phenomenon.