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Akamai: From Theory to Practice
Dr. Tom Leighton
CEO and Co-Founder, Akamai Technologies
Professor of Applied Mathematics, MIT (on leave)
Agenda

Managing a state-of-the-art Web presence
Akamai’s role in the Internet
Our evolution from theory to practice

Three grand challenges
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Managing a State of the Art Web Presence
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Web servers
Local load balancers
Application servers
SSL and authentication servers
Video streaming infrastructure
Managing third party content
Compression & connection
management servers
IDS & IPS servers
DNSSec & IPv6 support
Mobile app infrastructure
Redundant data centers & failover

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
The Web: Simple on the Outside…

End-Users
Internet

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
…but Problematic on the Inside
12,000 networks
connected by
peering points
(Cloud)
Datacenters

AT&T
End-Users

X
Level 3

X
Cogent

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
The Akamai Solution

AT&T

(Cloud)
Datacenters

End-Users

X
Level 3
Akamai
Server

X
Cogent

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
The Akamai Cloud Today
A Global Platform:
•
•
•
•

141,000+ Servers
1,200+ Networks
650+ Cities
90 Countries

Delivering 250,000+ Domains
•
•
•
•

All top 60 eCommerce sites
All top 30 M&E companies
9 of the top 10 banks
13 of the top 15 largest auto manufacturers

Accelerating Daily Traffic of:
• 10+ terabits per second
• 25+ million hits per second
• 2+ trillion deliveries/day
• 100+ petabytes/day
• 10+ million concurrent streams

15–30+% of Web Traffic
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Our Evolution From Theory to Practice
Fall 1998: Incorporation

1995 – 1998:
Academic
Research
at MIT
1995

1996

1997

2004 Onward:
Growing a Profitable Company

1999 – 2001:
Bubble Mania
Akamai IPO
1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2010:
$1B Milestone

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012 2013+

2001 – 2003: The Bubble Burst
February 1999:
Victoria’s Secret Flash Crowd
Akamai Goes Live

2013+: Road to
$5B: Innovation &
Global Expansion

Fall 1997 – Spring 1998: $50K Competition
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
THE INTERNET HAS
COME A LONG WAY…

Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

…BUT WE’RE REALLY
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
EVERYONE
AND EVERYTHING IS
GETTING CONNECTED
Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
The Internet of Things
Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

The Internet of Everything

The Hyperconnected World
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
ENORMOUS
EXPECTATIONS

Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Instant Web
performance
for any device,
anywhere

The Web
The ultimate
must be
in video
secure
quality over
IP Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
at scale
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Instant Web
performance
for any device,
anywhere

The Web
The ultimate
must be
in video
secure
quality over
IP Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
at scale
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
GRAND CHALLENGE FOR PERFORMANCE
Instant Web performance for any device, anywhere

Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
The Performance Challenge

Time to Download

$

User
Expectations

$$$
Heavier
Content

3rd Party
Content

Complex
Experiences

Chatty
Protocols

Mobile
Congestion
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Speed Matters: Conversion Rate vs. Load Time
Population
Conversion Rate (%)

Conversion Rate (%)

0-1

1-2

2-3

3-4

4-5

5-6

6-7

7-8

8-9

9-10

10-11

11+

Page Load Time (Sec)
Page Performance & Site Conversion – Feb 2012
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Akamai Performance vs. Large Cloud Provider

APS – AKAMAI (ApP) – Total Time (seconds)
APS – LARGE CLOUD PROVIDER (ApP) – Total Time (seconds)

8x
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
But What About Mobile?

1 in 4
visits to a
U.S. retail site
today is from
a smartphone

Source: IBM Digital Analytics Benchmark, November 2012

55%
OF TIME SPENT ON AN
E-RETAILER’S SITE OCCURS
ON A MOBILE DEVICE

Source: Internet Retailer, October 2013

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Challenge: Mobile Internet Access is SLOW because…

…the mobile network architecture was not designed for the Web
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Keynote Commerce Index: Desktop vs. Mobile
TOP 30 DESKTOP
COMMERCE SITES*

TOP 30 MOBILE
COMMERCE SITES*

Seconds
to load

Seconds
to load

WE HAVEN'T SEEN 8 SECONDS SINCE 2001!
* As of September 29, 2013, Keynote

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Akamai Performance for Mobile

Origin

Akamai Aqua
Ion Mobile

48%
Average Performance
Improvement on 3G

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
GRAND CHALLENGE FOR MEDIA
The ultimate in video quality over IP anytime, anywhere

Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Quality Requires Bits
4K-UHD
HEVC/H.265
16,000-30,000
Kbps

50,000

COMPRESSED BIT RATE (Kbps)

8K-UHD
XEVC+?
50,000+ Kbps

40,000

30,000

20,000

QVGA
MPEG1
550 Kbps

VGA/SDTV
MPEG2-4
1,800 Kbps

Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the
HD-1080p
security perimeter outside the data-center and
AVC/H.264
7,500 Kbps
HD-720pprotect from increasing frequency, scale and
AVC/H.264
sophistication of web attacks.
3,500 Kbps

 IP TODAY

10,000

0

2001

48%
CAGR

2004

25%
CAGR

2007

21%
CAGR

2011

75%
CAGR

2013

Future
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Possible Future Demand for Traffic

2.5B Primetime Viewers
x 10 Mbps
Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the
security perimeter outside the data-center and
protect from increasing frequency, scale and
sophistication of web attacks.

~25,000 Tbps
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
The Scalability Challenge

Cloud Data Centers

LET’S DO THE MATH:

100 Major Networks
X 5 Tbps

Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the
security perimeter outside the data-center and
protect from increasing frequency, scale and
sophistication of web attacks.

500 Tbps
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
The Scalability Challenge

Cloud Data Centers

LET’S DO THE MATH:

100 Major Networks
500 Tbps
X
= 5ofTbps
what

Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the
security perimeter outside the data-center and
protect from increasing frequency, scale and
sophistication of web attacks.

2%

25,000 Tbps

we need!

500 Tbps

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Akamai’s Strategy Today:
Over 141,000 Servers Inside 1,200 Networks

Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the
security perimeter outside the data-center and
protect from increasing frequency, scale and
sophistication of web attacks.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Akamai’s Next-Gen Platform:
Multicast, Pre-Positioned Content and Client-Assisted Delivery
Akamai Software Moves into the Home

Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the
security perimeter outside the data-center and
protect from increasing frequency, scale and
sophistication of web attacks.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
GRAND CHALLENGE FOR SECURITY
The Web must be secure

Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Attacks on Akamai Customers
Typical Attack Size

Large Attack Size

100–200 Gbps
Attacks are originating from
all geographies and are
moving between geographies
during the attack

Number of Attacks

3–10 Gbps

768

800

600

510

400

220
200

14
0
2009

2010

2011

2012

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Attacks are Varied and Sophisticated
Predictable Resource
Location 2%
Cross-Site Forgery 2%
Stolen Credentials 2%
Brute Force 3%

• SQL Injection is the most
common attack type followed
by DoS attacks
• Attack tools such as LOIC,
HOIC and SlowLoris evolve
rapidly and are easily available

Clickjacking 1%
Banking Trojan 3%

Unreported

37%
Denial
of Service

23%

Top WHID
Attacks in
2011

SQL Injection

27%
Source: Trustwave, Web Hacking Incident DB – 2012 report
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Why?
Traditional Hackers: Glory Hounds

Political Hacktivism

Profit

State Sponsored

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Akamai Has a Solution – Kona Site Defender

(Cloud)
Datacenters

Origin
Traffic

Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the
security perimeter outside the data-center and
protect from increasing frequency, scale and
End User
sophistication of web attacks.

Akamai
Traffic

10000

10000

1000

1000

100

100

10

10

1

1

COVERED

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
GRAND CHALLENGES
Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

Our goal at Akamai is to make the
Internet fast, reliable, and secure.
©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized
web experiences and manage complexity from peak
demand, mobile devices and data collection.

Thank You!

©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM

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Akamai: From Theory to Practice

  • 1. Akamai: From Theory to Practice Dr. Tom Leighton CEO and Co-Founder, Akamai Technologies Professor of Applied Mathematics, MIT (on leave)
  • 2. Agenda Managing a state-of-the-art Web presence Akamai’s role in the Internet Our evolution from theory to practice Three grand challenges ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 3. Managing a State of the Art Web Presence • • • • • • • • • • • Web servers Local load balancers Application servers SSL and authentication servers Video streaming infrastructure Managing third party content Compression & connection management servers IDS & IPS servers DNSSec & IPv6 support Mobile app infrastructure Redundant data centers & failover ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 4. The Web: Simple on the Outside… End-Users Internet ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 5. …but Problematic on the Inside 12,000 networks connected by peering points (Cloud) Datacenters AT&T End-Users X Level 3 X Cogent ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 6. The Akamai Solution AT&T (Cloud) Datacenters End-Users X Level 3 Akamai Server X Cogent ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 7. The Akamai Cloud Today A Global Platform: • • • • 141,000+ Servers 1,200+ Networks 650+ Cities 90 Countries Delivering 250,000+ Domains • • • • All top 60 eCommerce sites All top 30 M&E companies 9 of the top 10 banks 13 of the top 15 largest auto manufacturers Accelerating Daily Traffic of: • 10+ terabits per second • 25+ million hits per second • 2+ trillion deliveries/day • 100+ petabytes/day • 10+ million concurrent streams 15–30+% of Web Traffic ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 8. Our Evolution From Theory to Practice Fall 1998: Incorporation 1995 – 1998: Academic Research at MIT 1995 1996 1997 2004 Onward: Growing a Profitable Company 1999 – 2001: Bubble Mania Akamai IPO 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2010: $1B Milestone 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013+ 2001 – 2003: The Bubble Burst February 1999: Victoria’s Secret Flash Crowd Akamai Goes Live 2013+: Road to $5B: Innovation & Global Expansion Fall 1997 – Spring 1998: $50K Competition ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 9. THE INTERNET HAS COME A LONG WAY… Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. …BUT WE’RE REALLY ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 10. EVERYONE AND EVERYTHING IS GETTING CONNECTED Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 11. Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 12. The Internet of Things Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. The Internet of Everything The Hyperconnected World ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 13. ENORMOUS EXPECTATIONS Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 14. Instant Web performance for any device, anywhere The Web The ultimate must be in video secure quality over IP Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized at scale web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 15. Instant Web performance for any device, anywhere The Web The ultimate must be in video secure quality over IP Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized at scale web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 16. GRAND CHALLENGE FOR PERFORMANCE Instant Web performance for any device, anywhere Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 17. The Performance Challenge Time to Download $ User Expectations $$$ Heavier Content 3rd Party Content Complex Experiences Chatty Protocols Mobile Congestion ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 18. Speed Matters: Conversion Rate vs. Load Time Population Conversion Rate (%) Conversion Rate (%) 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11+ Page Load Time (Sec) Page Performance & Site Conversion – Feb 2012 ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 19. Akamai Performance vs. Large Cloud Provider APS – AKAMAI (ApP) – Total Time (seconds) APS – LARGE CLOUD PROVIDER (ApP) – Total Time (seconds) 8x ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 20. But What About Mobile? 1 in 4 visits to a U.S. retail site today is from a smartphone Source: IBM Digital Analytics Benchmark, November 2012 55% OF TIME SPENT ON AN E-RETAILER’S SITE OCCURS ON A MOBILE DEVICE Source: Internet Retailer, October 2013 ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 21. Challenge: Mobile Internet Access is SLOW because… …the mobile network architecture was not designed for the Web ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 22. Keynote Commerce Index: Desktop vs. Mobile TOP 30 DESKTOP COMMERCE SITES* TOP 30 MOBILE COMMERCE SITES* Seconds to load Seconds to load WE HAVEN'T SEEN 8 SECONDS SINCE 2001! * As of September 29, 2013, Keynote ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 23. Akamai Performance for Mobile Origin Akamai Aqua Ion Mobile 48% Average Performance Improvement on 3G ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 24. GRAND CHALLENGE FOR MEDIA The ultimate in video quality over IP anytime, anywhere Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 25. Quality Requires Bits 4K-UHD HEVC/H.265 16,000-30,000 Kbps 50,000 COMPRESSED BIT RATE (Kbps) 8K-UHD XEVC+? 50,000+ Kbps 40,000 30,000 20,000 QVGA MPEG1 550 Kbps VGA/SDTV MPEG2-4 1,800 Kbps Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the HD-1080p security perimeter outside the data-center and AVC/H.264 7,500 Kbps HD-720pprotect from increasing frequency, scale and AVC/H.264 sophistication of web attacks. 3,500 Kbps  IP TODAY 10,000 0 2001 48% CAGR 2004 25% CAGR 2007 21% CAGR 2011 75% CAGR 2013 Future ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 26. Possible Future Demand for Traffic 2.5B Primetime Viewers x 10 Mbps Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. ~25,000 Tbps ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 27. The Scalability Challenge Cloud Data Centers LET’S DO THE MATH: 100 Major Networks X 5 Tbps Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. 500 Tbps ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 28. The Scalability Challenge Cloud Data Centers LET’S DO THE MATH: 100 Major Networks 500 Tbps X = 5ofTbps what Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. 2% 25,000 Tbps we need! 500 Tbps ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 29. Akamai’s Strategy Today: Over 141,000 Servers Inside 1,200 Networks Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 30. Akamai’s Next-Gen Platform: Multicast, Pre-Positioned Content and Client-Assisted Delivery Akamai Software Moves into the Home Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and sophistication of web attacks. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 31. GRAND CHALLENGE FOR SECURITY The Web must be secure Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 32. Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 33. Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 34. Attacks on Akamai Customers Typical Attack Size Large Attack Size 100–200 Gbps Attacks are originating from all geographies and are moving between geographies during the attack Number of Attacks 3–10 Gbps 768 800 600 510 400 220 200 14 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 35. Attacks are Varied and Sophisticated Predictable Resource Location 2% Cross-Site Forgery 2% Stolen Credentials 2% Brute Force 3% • SQL Injection is the most common attack type followed by DoS attacks • Attack tools such as LOIC, HOIC and SlowLoris evolve rapidly and are easily available Clickjacking 1% Banking Trojan 3% Unreported 37% Denial of Service 23% Top WHID Attacks in 2011 SQL Injection 27% Source: Trustwave, Web Hacking Incident DB – 2012 report ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 36. Why? Traditional Hackers: Glory Hounds Political Hacktivism Profit State Sponsored ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 37. Akamai Has a Solution – Kona Site Defender (Cloud) Datacenters Origin Traffic Avoid data theft and downtime by extending the security perimeter outside the data-center and protect from increasing frequency, scale and End User sophistication of web attacks. Akamai Traffic 10000 10000 1000 1000 100 100 10 10 1 1 COVERED ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 38. GRAND CHALLENGES Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. Our goal at Akamai is to make the Internet fast, reliable, and secure. ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM
  • 39. Grow revenue opportunities with fast, personalized web experiences and manage complexity from peak demand, mobile devices and data collection. Thank You! ©2013 AKAMAI | FASTER FORWARDTM

Editor's Notes

  1. lots of forces are working to slow down your web site…
  2. Built for voice