20. Sensory
vs.
Perceptual
Theories
• Sensory
theories
– How
the
brain
responds
to
light
– Visual
cues
– What
does
the
viewer
sense?
• Perceptual
theories
– How
the
mind
considers
cues
– Making
meaning
– What
does
the
viewer
perceive?
25. Gestalt:
Similarity
August
29,
2011.
An
eco-‐conscious
designer
gives
final
instruc9ons
for
building
a
environmentally
friendly
version
of
Ganesh,
the
Hindu
god
of
prosperity,
in
Hyderabad,
India.
The
idol
is
made
mostly
of
paper
cups,
which
will
pose
less
of
an
ecological
hazard
when,
as
tradi9on
dictates,
the
decorated
model
is
submerged
in
the
river
aaer
the
celebra9on.
(Noah
Seelam—AFP/Gecy
Images)
26. Gestalt:
Similarity
August
28,
2011.
A
girl
combs
her
hair
before
performing
a
tradi9onal
reed
dance
in
Ludzidzini,
Swaziland.
Thousands
of
virginal
girls
from
around
the
country
go
there
with
cut
reeds
to
present
to
the
Queen
Mother
in
an
annual
eight-‐day
ceremony.
(Siphiwe
Sibeko—Reuters)
27. Gestalt:
Similarity
September
1,
2011.
A
worker
standing
on
inflated
rubber
tubes
collects
water
chestnuts
from
the
banks
of
river
Yamuna
in
New
Delhi.
Water
chestnut
are
locally
known
as
"Singada"
and
are
eaten
raw,
boiled
or
are
grounded
into
flour
aaer
they
are
dried.
(Parivartan
Sharma—Reuters)
30. Sensory
Theories:
Gestalt
Proximity
• The
brain
more
closely
associates
objects
that
are
close
to
one
another
than
it
does
objects
that
are
farther
apart.
34. Gestalt:
Proximity
August
25,
2011.
Police
are
pelted
with
paint
thrown
by
demonstrators
near
the
presiden9al
palace
in
San9ago,
Chile.
A
two-‐day
strike
that
began
as
a
student
protest
for
free
educa9on
mushroomed
into
a
larger
movement
for
reforms
to
labor
laws
and
pensions
and
increases
in
corporate
taxes
to
fund
health
and
educa9on.
(Victor
R.
Caivano—AP)
35. Gestalt:
Proximity
August
30,
2011.
Somali
children
play
with
toy
guns
and
weapons
in
Mogadishu
at
the
start
of
the
three-‐day
Eid
al-‐Fitr
feast.
Eid-‐al-‐Fitr
celebra9ons
mark
the
end
of
the
fas9ng
Muslim
month
of
Ramadan.
(Abdurashid
Abikar—AFP/Gecy
Images)
38. Sensory
Theories:
Gestalt
Con:nua:on
and
Closure
• The
brain
seeks
to
provide
smooth
con9nua9on
or
closure
of
a
perceived
movement.
• The
brain
will
see
objects
on
a
line
as
connected,
and
anything
not
on
that
line
as
disconnected.
40. Gestalt:
Con9nua9on
August
30,
2011.
Thousands
of
Muslims
gather
in
Tahrir
Square
in
Cairo
to
pray
and
mark
’Id
al-‐Fitr,
the
end
of
fas9ng
during
Ramadan.
The
’Id
was
the
first
since
revolu9onaries
demonstra9ng
in
the
square
deposed
Egyp9an
President
Hosni
Mubarak
in
February
and
triggered
similar
protests
against
dictators
throughout
the
Arab
world.
(Khaled
Desouki—AFP/Gecy
Images)
41. Gestalt:
Con9nua9on
August
31,
2011.
The
shadow
of
a
museum
employee
falls
onto
a
Union
Flag
recovered
from
the
wreckage
of
the
World
Trade
Center
in
New
York
following
the
2001
acacks,
at
the
Imperial
War
Museum
in
Manchester,
northern
England.
The
flag
will
form
part
of
an
exhibi9on
marking
the
tenth
anniversary
of
9/11,
and
will
start
on
September
10,
running
for
two
years.
(Nigel
Roddis—Reuters)
44. Sensory
Theories:
Gestalt
Common
Fate
• The
brain
groups
items
together
because
of
the
direc9on
they
appear
to
be
going.
That
is,
they
appear
to
have
a
common
fate.
45. Gestalt:
Common
Fate
August
28,
2011.
A
U.S.
F-‐15
fighter
fires
flares
aaer
striking
Taliban
insurgents
in
Kunar
province
in
Afghanistan.
Aaer
Taliban
forces
shot
down
a
helicopter,
killing
30
American
soldiers,
August
became
the
deadliest
month
for
U.S.
forces
since
the
war
in
Afghanistan
began
a
decade
ago.
(Nikola
Solic—Reuters)
46. Gestalt:
Common
Fate
August
30,
2011.
Na9onal
Guard
Blackhawk
helicopters
equipped
with
Bambi
buckets
drop
water
on
the
marsh
fire
in
New
Orleans
East.
(Times-‐Picayune
/Landov)
47. Gestalt:
Common
Fate
August
31,
2011.
Burning
Man
par9cipant
Karen
Wennberg
of
Sante
Fe,
New
Mexico,
pauses
aaer
wri9ng
a
personal
message
on
"The
Temple
of
Transi9on"
during
the
Burning
Man
2011
"Rites
of
Passage"
arts
and
music
fes9val
in
the
Black
Rock
desert
of
Nevada.
More
than
50,000
people
from
all
over
the
world
have
gathered
at
the
25th
edi9on
of
the
sold-‐out
fes9val.
(Jim
Bourg—Reuters)
