MATTER. PROPERTIES AND STATES.

1. MATTER

2. Everything in the universe and all the objects and
living things on Earth are made up of matter.
Snow
is made
up
of
matter.
People
are
made up of
matter.
The ground is
made up of matter.

3. All matter has got two general properties
Mass
The mass is
the amount
of matter of
an object.
Mass is measured
in kilograms.
Volume
The volume
is the space
an object
occupies.
We measure volume
in litres.

4. Other properties of matter.
Matter has characteristics properties that let us
disinguish one type of matter from another.
Properties
ELASTICITY
DENSITY
HARDNESS
TRANSPARENCY
WATER RESISTANCE

5. DENSITY
Density is the relationship between
an object´s mass and volume.
All matter has its own density.
steel
straw

6. HARDNESS
Matter is resistant when it is difficult
to scratch or cut.
Matter is fragile when it is easy to break.
scratch

7. ELASTICITY
Matter is elatic when it returns to its
original shape after stretching or bending it.
Elastic rubber bands

8. WATER RESISTANCE
Matter is waterproof when liquids
cannot go through it
waterproof
permeable
What´s the difference?

9. TRANSPARENCY
Matter is transparent when
light can pass through it.
Glass is a transparent material.

10. We use the characteristic properties
of matter for specific purposes.
We use glass for its transparency
We use steel for
its hardness
Beams made of steel.

11. The three states of the matter
Solid
Liquid
Ice
water
Gas
Water steam

12. Solid
Solid objects have got their own shape
Solid objects occupy the same space
Solid objects maintain their volume
CHAIR
DOOR
SHARPENER
FORK
SHOE

13. Liquid
Liquids don´t have their
own shape.
Liquids have the shape of the container.
Liquids maintain the volume.

14. Gas
Gases have the shape of the container.
Gases don´t maintain
the volume.

15. Changes in matter
Physical changes
The substance changes
but matter does
not change.
Watter freezes,
but is still water.
chemical changes
Chemical changes créate
New substances and matter
changes. Wood changes
Into ashes and gases when
it burns.

16. Types of changes.
There are two types of changes in matter.
Irreversible changes: it is when
Matter cannot return to its original state.
Reversible changes: it is when
Matter can return to its original state.
Heat often causes these types of changes
When something becomes hot, it expands
and it volumen is bigger.
When it becomes cold, it contracts and its
Volume is smaller.

17. Physical changes
Temperature can change the state of matter.
A solid change to a liquid
Fusion
Evaporation
A liquid change to a gas.

18. Temperature can change the state of matter.
A liquid change to a solid.
Solidification.
Condensation.
A gas change to a liquid.

19. Melting is when a solid becomes a liquid.
For example snow melts in warm weather.
Evaporation is when a liquid becomes a gas.
For example, water in a puddle evaporation.
Boiling is when a liquid reaches a high temperature
and become a gas. Water boils at
100Cº .other liquids boil at different temperaturas.
Condensation is when a gas becomes a liquid.
For example. Water vapour form
condensation on windows when the
weather is cold.
Solidification is when a liquid becomes a solid.
For example, water changes into ice at
cold temperaturas.

20. Chemical changes
When chemical changes accur, the composition and properties of matter change.
However, its mass stays the same. Oxidation, combustión and fermentation
are chemical changes.
Oxidation accurs when a bustance mixes with the oxygen in the air and makes
a new substance. For example, a piece of iron that stays outside becomes rusty.
These marks are iron oxide.
Combustion occurs when a material mixes with oxygen and burns. Material like
Wood paper or gasolina are combustible.
Fermentation there are Natural fermentation and Artificial fermentation.
Natural fermentation is the chemical change when food decays.
Artificial fermentation is the chemical change that people make. For
Example yogurt, wine and bread.

21. The brown rust on the bus is iron oxide.
Fireworks produce light, sound and some heat.
Milk ferments to become yogurt and cheese.