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DISTURBANCE IN PERCEPTION & COORDINATION LUDY MAE B. NALZARO, RN, MN
The Nervous System
The Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2 Division of Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Central Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Brain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Lobes of the Cerebrum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anatomy and Physiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Brain Stem ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Anatomy and Physiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Spinal Cord ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS )  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Autonomic Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Things to know: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Synapse   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
    Neurotransmitters   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cells of Nervous System: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Neuralgia in CNS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Neuralgia Found in PNS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Neurons  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Three types of neurons (by functional classification): ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Peripheral Nervous System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CRANIAL NERVES
 
Cranial Nerves ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cranial Nerves Cranial Nerves Functions I.Olfactory  SE Smell II.Optic  SE Visual acuity, Visual Fields III. Oculomotor  MO Movements of eye muscles, elevate the eyelid, [upil constriction IV.Trochlear  MO Extrocular eye movement V.Trigeminal  MI Innervates the skin of the face, nasal mucosa; sensations of teeth  *corneal reflex; Movement of mastication VI.Abducens  MO Movements of the lateral eye
VII. Facial  MI ,[object Object],[object Object],VIll. Vestibulocochlear SE ,[object Object],[object Object],IX.Glossopharyngeal MI ,[object Object],[object Object],X. Vagus  MI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],XI. Accessory  MO Movements of trapezius and stemocleidomastoid muscles (movement of the neck and shoulder) XII. Hypoglossal  MO ,[object Object]
Effects of Injury
Neurologic Assessment
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current health status ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current health status ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Previous health status ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Family health status ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lifestyle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dietary habits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physical Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mental Status ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
QUICK CHECK OF MENTAL STATUS Question Function screened What’s your name? Orientation to person What’s today’s date? Orientation to time What year is it? Orientation to time Where are you now? Orientation to place How old are you? Memory Where were you born? Remote memory What did you have for breakfast? Recent memory Who’s the Phil. President? General knowledge Can you count back from 20 to 1? Attention and calculation  Why are you here? Judgement
Glasgow Coma Scale
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glasgow Coma Scale
 
GCS VALUES ,[object Object],[object Object]
GCS VALUES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cranial Nerves ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cranial Nerve Function: Cranial Nerve 1- Olfactory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CN II Optic - Sensory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Visual Field Confrontation test
Nystagmus
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cataract
Cranial Nerve Function: Cranial Nerve 2- Optic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cranial Nerve Function: Cranial Nerve 3, 4 and 6 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rev. Nov 2006
 
 
Mydriasis –blown pupil Miosis  (constriction of the pupil ) Anisocoria (Unequal size of pupils ) Ptosis
Cranial Nerve Function: Cranial Nerve 5 -trigeminal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CN VII. Facial mixed Sensory and Motor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
CN VIII – Auditory  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Hearing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weber’s Test
Rinne’s Test
Hearing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CN IX – Glossopharyngeal – Mixed Sensory and motor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cranial Nerve Function: Cranial Nerve 9- glossopharyngeal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CN X – Vagus – Mixed Sensory and motor ,[object Object]
CN XI– Accessory Spinal Nerve motor ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cranial Nerve Function: Cranial Nerve 12- hypoglossal ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Coordination ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Finger to Nose test
Alternating Supination & Pronation of Hands to Knees
Heel to Shin test
Heel to Toe walk
Romberg’s  Test
  Frontal Lobe
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Plegia(Paralysis)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  Atrophy
Bradykinesia
Muscle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Muscle Strength Functional level Lovett Scale Grade % of normal No evidence of contractility 0 0 0 Evidence of slight contractility Trace 1 10 Complete ROM minus gravity Poor 2 25 Complete ROM with gravity Fair 3 50 Complete ROM with some resistance Good 4 75 Complete ROM vs. gravity with full resistance Normal 5 100
Muscle strength test
Reflexes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Deep Tendon Reflexes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reflexes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Meningeal ,[object Object]
Meningeal ,[object Object]
Biceps reflex
Triceps reflex
Patellar reflex
Achilles reflex
Babinski Reflex
Diagnostic Assessment
Imaging Studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Computed Tomography Scan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
CT Scan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CT Scan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CT Scan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Isotope Brain Scan ,[object Object],[object Object]
Isotope Brain Scan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Isotope Brain Scan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 
MRI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SKULL & SPINAL X-RAYS ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Spinal X-rays ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebral Angiography ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Electroencephalography ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION = DECEMBER  1,2011 (THURSDAY) NEKS WEK!  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
END
TREATMENTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SURGERY ,[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebellar Stimulator Implantation ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monitoring and aftercare ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Home Care Instruction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cerebral Aneurysm Repair ,[object Object]
Patient Preparation ,[object Object]
Monitoring and aftercare ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Home care instruction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Craniotomy ,[object Object],[object Object]
Preparation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monitoring & Aftercare ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Home Care Instruction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nursing Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Impaired Skin Integrity ,[object Object]
Impaired urinary elimination ,[object Object]
Impaired Gas Exchange ,[object Object]
Thank YOU !

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