Building the Global System
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Presented at a side event during Governing Body 5 of the ITPGRFA
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Building the Global System
- 1. Building the global system
- 2. The Trust is “an essential element in of the Funding Strategy of the International Treaty in relation to ex situ conservation and availability of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture” Relationship with the Treaty
- 3. Objective Ensure long-term conservation and availability of PGRFA • Safeguard globally important ex situ collections • Promote a rational, efficient and sustainable global system for ex situ conservation
- 4. Photos by USDA ARS Strategy
- 5. International Collections - Article 15 Afri ca Rice Cen ter Centre du riz pour l’A frique A rf caR ce
- 7. Distribution “About 60% of the food crop area planted to improved varieties is occupied by varieties bred using genetic materials from the CGIAR”
- 8. CGIAR Research Program - Genebanks Objective Indicator Current status Target Use of crop and tree diversity is informed and facilitated Number distinct accessions distributed within CGIAR 61,645 100,000 distinct accessions are disseminated between 2012 & 2021 to users outside the CGIAR. Use Number distinct accessions distributed outside CGIAR 27,538 Total number of samples distributed 131,181
- 9. CGIAR Research Program - Genebanks
- 10. Svalbard Global Seed Vault 781,148 samples in the Vault 584,552 funded by Crop Trust
- 11. Rescued Crop Diversity Worldwide
- 12. Regeneration • 79,725 regenerated • 4,268 put in vitro • 12,619 not viable • 86 institutes in 78 countries
- 14. Safety Duplication • 45,476 accessions sent • From 57 countries
- 15. Capacity Building • Regeneration guidelines • Expert advice and visits • Drying, packing and storage equipment • Computers
- 16. Lessons Regeneration & duplication: benefits both national and global Strengthened links between genebanks, farmers and breeders at national level Stronger links between national and international genebanks Clonal crops remain a significant problem
- 17. Over to Partners NPGRL, The Philippines Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) International Rice Research Institute
- 18. National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory • assembled 36,322 accessions of over 400 species of important and potentially useful agricultural crop species and their relatives relatives
- 19. GCDT-funded Projects • Regeneration of Sweetpotato, Cowpea and Pigeon Pea Collections • Regeneration of Yam, Taro, Maize and Rice Collections • Regeneration of Yam (in vitro) Collection • Conserving banana diversity for use in perpetuity: strengthening the network of collections to improve access to wider diversity and safeguard threatened banana cultivars
- 21. Main Achievements Crop Number of accessions regenerated and characterized Number of accessions sent for safety duplication Target Actual Sweetpotato 340 313 (284- in vitro) 0 Vigna spp 1125 756 754 Pigeon pea 254 18 18 Taro 52 52 (52- in vitro) 52 Yam 97 97(94- in vitro) 0 Maize 1230 710 534 Rice 500 479 448 Yam( in vitro) 218 183 0 Banana 30 30 30 Protocol for decontamination developed
- 22. Fire, 28 January 2012
- 23. Important Lessons Learned • Immediate processing and sending of germplasm materials for safety duplication • Regeneration of the rest of the germplasm conserved at NPGRL be given priority to rescue unique accessions • Importance of complementation of conservation approaches (eg. Field and in vitro)
- 24. Additional GCDT support • Reintroduction in in vitro of yam and sweetpotato accessions lost due to fire • Shipping of regenerated materials for safety duplication to SPC (taro), AVRDC (Vigna, pigeon pea), CIMMYT (maize) and Svalbard
- 25. Regenerated germplasm of seed crops now duplicated at Svalbard Total: 1739 accessions Cajanus cajan (18), Oryza sativa L. (448), Vigna mungo (2), Vigna radiataL. (400), Vigna umbellata(59), Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. grp. unguiculata (160), Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (133), Zea mays L. (534)
- 26. Yam accessions for duplication to IITA
- 27. Capacity building • 3 BS students conducted their theses research using the materials • Results of the yam in vitro project- presented in the Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology meeting • Technical assistance on yam tissue culture provided to other researchers
- 28. Construction of the Philippine Plant Genetic Resources Center Our Dream
- 29. Thank you Conservation for the present and future generations
- 30. Over to Partners NPGRL, The Philippines Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) International Rice Research Institute
- 31. SPC Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees (CePaCT), Suva, Fiji CePaCT - Pacific genebank, officially opened in 2009, conserves Pacific crop diversity and the largest global collection of taro in vitro . Trust provides long term grant for conservation and regeneration of aroid and yam collections. The Treaty (ITPGRFA) facilitates access and distribution of this material
- 32. WHAT CePaCT does ? • CONSERVATION – conserves the important (traditional & economical) crops and plants of the Pacific region • maintains them as tissue cultures • IMPORTATION – of new improved (new varieties) that are climate ready tolerant (to drought, salt, waterlogged, acid soils), high yielding with good taste, nutrient- rich, resistant to certain pests and diseases • VIRUS TESTING – so crops are free of viruses and safe for distribution • DISTRIBUTION - to the SPC member countries & project partners safely • RESEARCH – to improve storage and production of planting material • TECHNICAL SUPPORT – capacity building thru CG collaboration /regional training on basic tissue culture methods and source of information on relevant biotechnology
- 33. SPC collaborative programs • Collaboration /partnership within and outside of the region • Sharing of expertise on in vitro conservation with other countries eg Indonesia, Philippines • Collaboration with CG Centres eg sourcing of improved and climate resilient material • Safety duplication and regeneration of the Pacific traditional varieties – aroids, yam, breadfruit, banana • Repatriation of traditional varieties that have been lost in the field – Fiji, Palau, PNG etc • Conservation of Samoas unique Niu afa coconut variety using polymotu approach • Impact of taro leaf blight disease, 1993 – eg Samoas traditional taro varieties now conserved in SPC CePaCT, FIJI
- 34. Niu afa variety http://coconutsamoa.blogspot.com
- 35. 35 GERMPLASM DISTRIBUTION 2005 – June 2013 • 56,041 plantlets distributed • 45 countries including Europe, Africa, Caribbean and Asia (under SPC EU International Network for Edible Aroids (INEA) project) • Crops distributed – alocasia, bananas, bele, breadfruit, cassava, Irish potato, kava (Fiji only) and ginger (Fiji only), sweet potatoes, taro, vanilla and yams • Annex 1 material distributed under SMTA for all exchanges. All records kept by SPC as a provider
- 36. 36 COUNTRIES RECEIVED TISSUE CULTURE MATERIAL FROM CePaCT (2005 – June 2013) FROM THE PACIFIC REGION • 23 Pacific Island countries and territories - American Samoa, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk Is, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Wallis and Futuna OUTSIDE OF THE PACIFIC REGION (mainly TLB resistant (C.esculenta) varieties assisting African and other regions • Belgium, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Madagascar, Nicaragua, N igeria, Philippines, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Germany, Portugal, Cameroon, Haiti, US, Bangladesh, Congo, Mauritius
- 37. Over to Partners NPGRL, The Philippines Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) International Rice Research Institute
- 38. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Ruaraidh Sackville Hamilton
- 39. Nine countries chose IRRI as their primary backup 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 Project Prior CBD
- 40. History of deposits from the 9 countries 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 MLS CBD
- 41. Lessons learnt • Need for awareness raising – Assistance with SMTA • Need for incentives • Opportunity for indirect facilitated access
- 42. Over to Partners NPGRL, The Philippines Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) International Rice Research Institute
- 43. Secretariat of the ITPGRFA Francisco Lopez
Editor's Notes
- The Trust is also working on a. rescuing threatened collectionsb. researching how to conserve some crops better (particularly difficult-to-conserve crops like cassava, yams and taro)c. evaluating accessions held by genebanks, so that they are better understood and therefore more useful to breedersd. working on information systems to ensure that genebanks are better run, and also that plant breeders can access both information and accessions from genebanks around the worlde. to avoid disasters such as the slide shown earlier from the Philippines, ensuring that collections are duplicated for safety,f. and ensuring that a safety back-up is stored in the safest seed storage on the planet - the Svalbard Global Seed Vault.
- NOTE – this is Gates plus, and includes dups from Obj 6 and collecting Actually received as of 13/9/13 is lower c 40k no results from ICARDA, CIP, AVRDC, SPC..Norgen, CGN, …. ICRISAT west Africa