2. ๏ Good Morning ,today we will be taking a class on Chapter 7- Conservation of Plants
and Animals . The half-bloods of Camp Halfbloods are Aneena, Catherine, Joan,
Serah, Irene and Aleena. The topics we will be presenting on are :-
๏ Deforestation
๏ Causes Of Deforestation
๏ Consequences of deforestation
๏ Red Data Book
๏ Reforestation
๏ Why is reforestation needed?
3. Deforestation or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is thereafter
converted to a non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include conversion of forestland to farms,
ranches, or urban use. The term deforestation can be misused when applied to describe a tree harvesting
method in which all trees in an area are removed . However in temperate climates, this method is in
conformance with sustainable forestry practices, and correctly described as regeneration harvest. In
temperate climates, natural regeneration of forest stands often will not occur in the absence of
disturbance, whether natural or anthropogenic.
Furthermore, biodiversity after regeneration harvest often mimics that found after natural disturbance,
including biodiversity loss after naturally occurring rainforest destruction. The removal of trees without
sufficient reforestation has resulted in damage to habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity. It has adverse
impacts on biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. So that is how deforestation is caused.
4. ๏ Agricultural activities: Due to overgrowing demand for food products, huge amount of tress
are fell down to grow crops and for cattle gazing.
๏ Logging: Wood is used as fuel both directly and indirectly, therefore trees are chopped for
supplies.
๏ Urbanization: Further on order to gain access to these forests, the construction of roads are
undertaken; here again trees are chopped to create roads.
๏ Desertification of land: Some of the other factors that lead to deforestation are also part
natural and part anthropogenic like Desertification of land.
๏ Mining: Oil and coal mining require considerable amount of forest land. Apart from this,
roads and highways have to be built to make way for trucks and other equipment.
๏ Fires: Hundreds of trees are lost each year due to forest fires in various portions of the world.
This happens due to extreme warm summers and milder winters. They can also caused by
human activities.
5. ๏ Deforestation is a major cause that leads to the change in soil properties. This leads to
the decrease of the water holding capacity of the soil. It also leads to global warming
and desertification. Deforestation is also a major cause of droughts. Properties of soil
is also affected. Major consequences are : soil degradation, changes in climatic
conditions, destruction of natural habitats and destruction of a valuable sink for
environmental pollutants. The movement of water from the soil into the ground is
also reduced.
6. ๏ Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (RDBRF), also known as Red Book or Russian Red
Data Book is a state document established for documenting rare and endangered
species of animals, plants and fungi, as well as some local subspecies that exist within the territory
of the Russian Federation and its continental shelf and marine economic zone. The book has been
adopted by Russia and all CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) states to enact a common
agreement on rare and endangered species protection.
๏ The book provides a central information source in organizing studies and monitoring programs on
rare and endangered species and their habitats. It is regularly consulted when developing and
implementing special measures for the protection and rehabilitation of such species.
๏ Usually, a Red Book comes with a short description of protected species. However, in certain cases,
it doesn't give all descriptions due to space limitations and in rare cases there is no formatted list in
the book.
7. ๏ Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that
have been depleted, usually through deforestation. It involves the replanting or regeneration of
areas of forest which have previously been damaged or destroyed. Sometimes forests are able to
regenerate naturally if sufficient trees remain nearby and seeds can be dispersed into the
deforested areas via animals or wind. However, areas of forest which have been severely
degraded are unlikely to be able to regenerate naturally and need to be replanted by hand using
native tree species. Reforestation can be used to improve the quality of human life by soaking
up pollution and dust from the air, rebuild natural habitats and ecosystems, mitigate global
warming since forests facilitate biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and harvest
for resources, particularly timber.
๏ The term reforestation is similar to afforestation, the process of restoring and recreating areas
of woodlands or forests that may have existed long ago but were deforested or otherwise
removed at some point in the past. Sometimes the term re-afforestation is used to distinguish
between the original forest cover and the later re-growth of forest to an area. Special tools, e.g.
tree planting bar, are used to make planting of trees easier and faster.
8. ๏ Reforestation is needed because huge areas of forest are being damaged or destroyed around the
world on a daily basis. Some estimates suggest that an area of forest equivalent in size to 36
football pitches is lost every minute. This deforestation has a number of causes, including fires,
the clearing of land to make way for agriculture or human settlement, logging, mining and
climate change.
๏ Forests are very important for a number of reasons and deforestation is a serious problem
which affects us all. As well as being home to a huge and diverse range of animal and plant
species, forests provide livelihoods for a vast number of people around the world and are a
source of paper, timber, food and the ingredients of many other products, such as medicines
and cosmetics. Forests are also vital for the health of our planet, maintaining the water cycle,
preventing soil erosion and absorbing and storing enormous amounts of carbon dioxide which
helps to limit the effects of climate change.
๏ In order to tackle deforestation there are a number of organizations around the world that aim
to replant trees and help to regenerate and restore forest habitats.
