Southern Isabela Academy ethics guide

SOUTHERN ISABELAACADEMY, INC.
Spirituality. Ingenuity. Academism
Charles W. Selby St., Centro 1, San Guillermo, 3308 Isabela Molding the youth since 1967!
ETHICS

Definition of ETHICS in Research
•A methodology or perspective
in making sound and right
decisions pertaining to actions
to be taken, and the analysis of
intricate problems and issues.

Importance of ETHICS in Research
•Ethics keeps the researcher
from committing misconduct
while seeking knowledge and
truth, and respecting and
protecting the rights of the
respondents.

Importance of ETHICS in Research
•It promotes essential values
that help researchers to have a
common understanding and
work on a topic harmoniously.
•It also draws out public trust.

RESEARCH ETHICS PRINCIPLES
Aside from the desirable traits
that a researcher must possess,
there are equally favorable ethical
principles that must be observed
in the conduct of any research
investigation, especially those that
involve human or animal objects.

HONESTY
Intellectual honesty must be upheld
in the planning, execution, and
writing of research report. The
research proposal must be
transparent, stating all concerns so as
not to deceive the respondents and
other researchers.

HONESTY
Honesty must also be observed in
executing procedures by following
strictly the proposed methodology.
Fabrication or falsification of
research data must never be an
option.

OBJECTIVITY
Research investigations must be free
from any forms of bias. They must
not serve the interest of any parties,
but the interest of finding the truth.

INTEGRITY
The research must uphold sincerity and
consistency. The planned research
methodology must be consistent with
the executed procedures. If ever there
are variations, these must not be totally
different from those stated in the
proposal.

CAREFULNESS
Any research must be free of careless
errors of negligence. Error in
procedures must be foreseen so that
measures must be planned to avoid
them. There must also be provisions in
the research where careful and critical
evaluation of the work is addressed.

OPENNESS
Researchers must be open to constructive
criticism. This is because no research has
the monopoly of knowledge. Any
methods can still be refined and
improved. Conversely, any ideas, results,
and resources must be shared for the
benefit of future investigations.

RESPECT FOR
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Ideas, copyrights, patents, and other forms
of intellectual property owned by other
individuals must be acknowledged
properly when used as bases in any
investigation.

TRUSTWORTHINESS
It is manifested in research if data and
information about human respondents are
used only for the purposes of the research.
The researcher must keep all data
confidential for the protection of the
respondents from public scrutiny or
discrimination.

SOCIAL & LEGAL
RESPONSIBILITY
Legalities, rules, and regulations of an
institution or government must be considered
when conducting a study. Research results
must be published with the aim of advancing
knowledge and promoting social welfare,
minimizing harm and risk, and maximizing the
benefits for the target population.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH
In conducting qualitative
research, some ethical issues must
be considered. These are:
-Animal rights and welfare
-Human rights
-Scientific misconduct

Animal Rights and Welfare
If the use of animals in research is
inevitable, it is suggested that the
3Rs – reduce, refine, replace –
must be considered.

REDUCE
The least number of animal subjects is
recommended. If casualties cannot be avoided,
these should be minimized without sacrificing
the quality of research results. However, this
practice is contrary to the social science
research where the number of subjects should
be maximized to elicit valid and more
comprehensive conclusions.

REFINE
If harm cannot be avoided, research
procedures are evaluated and refined carefully
to minimize possible pain and suffering of the
animal subjects. They should be treated in such
a way that they are free from stressful
conditions. They should also be given proper
care while under the period of study.

REPLACE
If there is a possibility of replacing animals by
other materials or other nonliving or non-
biological subjects, replacement opinion must
be explored.

ANIMAL WELFARE ACT OF 1998
Republic Act 8485
The purpose of this act is to protect and promote the
welfare of all animals in the Philippines by
supervising and regulating the establishment and
operations of all facilities utilized for breeding,
keeping, treating, or training all animals either as
objects of trade, subjects of research, or as
household pets.

Human Rights in Research
1. Right to Voluntary Participation
All human respondents should
participate in a research study out of
his free will. They should not be
forced or coerced to participate in any
research undertaking.

2. Right to Informed Consent
All respondents should be informed of all
procedures, potential risks, and benefits
that the research would bring. They may
also demand a written agreement or
informed consent form from the
researcher before participating.

3. Right to be Protected from Harm
The respondents shall be subjected to
anything that may cause them
inconvenience or physical, emotional, and
psychological harm.

4. Right to Confidentiality
All personal information extracted from
the respondents shall be made confidential
and should not be disclosed to the public
at all conditions. They must also be
assured that details of their responses are
secured and will be used only for the
purposes of the research.

5. Right to Anonymity
A respondent may choose not to disclose
his or her identity to anyone, including the
researchers themselves. This means that
all information and data that could be
gathered from a participant could not in
anyway identify him/her to other
participants.

Scientific Misconduct
Researchers are expected to follow
rules and proper conduct in doing
research. However, due to immense
external pressure, there are some
researchers who break the rules and
oftentimes deviate from proper
protocols, resulting to scientific
misconduct.

1. Fabrication and
Falsification of Data
It involves producing data without an
actual experimentation or altering data in
recording for the intention to fit them to
what are expected.

2. Non-publication of Data
It involves choosing not to include data
because they do not conform to the well-
established body of knowledge or are
unsupportive of the research hypothesis.
Only the results that do not reject the
hypothesis are reported and published.

3. Faulty Data Gathering
Procedures
Negligence or carelessness lead to errors
in measurement or faulty research
instruments. Error may also be caused by
inappropriate application of treatment to
the subjects and poor data recording.

4. Plagiarism
This fraudulent act involves claiming
another person’s ideas, work, or usually
publication. It is a from of intellectual
property stealing and dishonesty that
usually happens in scientific publications.

Southern Isabela Academy ethics guide

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