The document outlines a study on ornamental fish culture adoption. It describes the methodology used, including conducting a pilot and main survey across 120 respondents. Key findings include that most respondents had medium education and farming experience levels. Contact with extension agencies was low. While knowledge was medium, adoption of ornamental fish culture was very low at 10%. The conclusion recommends more training tailored to needs to improve adoption rates.

1. Presented by
Yarrakula Mahesh Babu
MFT-09014
Dept. of
Fisheries Extension

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
METHODOLOGY
1. PILOT SURVEY
2. MAIN SURVEY
RESULTS
CONCLUSION

3.  Aquarium keeping is amongst the most
popular of hobbies with millions of enthusiasts
worldwide.
 Due to low production cost, higher returns in a
very short time span, there is an ever growing
demand for ornamental fishes both in the
domestic and international markets.

4.  The wholesale value of the global ornamental
fish trade is estimated to be US$ 1 billion
while the retail value is US$ 6 billion.
 The entire industry, including accessories and
fish feed, is estimated to be worth around
US$18-20 billion.
 Singapore is the largest exporter for many
years and exports more than double that of the
top five exporters for the last 2-3 decades.

5.  India is endowed with a suitable
climate, abundant water resources, rich
biodiversity and large manpower base.
 the unit value of ornamental fish is higher than
the food fish.
 The greatest volume or number of individuals
in the trade, some 90-96% is of freshwater
origin and is produced in commercial
aquaculture facilities.

6.  most of the marine ornamentals, over 90%, are
from wild-caught fisheries.
 Empowerment status is a process of awareness
and capacity building leading to greater
participation, to greater decision making
power.

7. 1. Selection of the study area.
2. Selection of the study blocks and respondents.
 Pilot survey – Ottapidaram (20)
 Main survey
SL.No Name of the Name of the Number of
district blocks selected respondents
selected
Thoothukudi 50
1. Thoothukudi Srivaikuntam 35
Alwarthirunagari 35
Total 120

8. 3. Identification of variables
Based on the literature available and
discussion held with the extension officials,
a list of independent variables and different
ornamental fish culture practices were prepared.

9. Variables No. Independent variables
X1 Age
X2 Educational status
X3 Occupational status
X4 Family status
X5 Farming experience
X6 Annual expenditure
X7 Economic motivation
X8 Credit orientation
X9 Training needs
X10 Information source exposure
X11 Material possession
X12 Social participation status
X13 Extension linkage system
X14 Scientific orientation
X15 Risk orientation
X16 Self confidence
X17 Innovativeness
X18 Knowledge level
Dependent variable
Y1 Adoption
Y2 Annual income

10. 
Sl. Category Years Scor
No. e
1. Young Upto 35 3
2. Middle 36-45 2
3. Old Above 45 1

11. 5. Development of interview schedule.
After incorporating suggestions of fisheries
experts, a well- structured interview schedule
was finally designed.
6. Method of data collection.
The data was collected from the selected
respondents after building up a good rapport
with the selected variables.
The data were collected through personal
interview.

12. 7. Statistical tools used.
Percentage analysis.
Mean & Standard deviation.
Correlation coefficient.

13. AGE
Number Percentage
49
41 40.83%
34.17%
30
25%
Young (up to 35 years) Middle (36-45 years) Old (above 45 years)

14. EDUCATIONAL STATUS
Number Percentage
53
44.17%
23
19.17% 19
13 15.83%
10.83% 12 10%
0 0%
Illiterate Functional Primary Middle Secondary Collegiate
illiterates

15. Sl.No Nature of the Category Number Percentage
family
1. Family type Nuclear 85 70.83
Joint 35 29.17
Total 120 100.00
2. Family size Upto 5 91 75.83
Above 5 29 24.17
Total 120 100.00

16. OCUUPATIONAL STATUS
Number Percentage
91
75.83%
1714.16%
8 6.67%
4 3.34%
Primary Secondary Others Nil

17. FARMING EXPERIENCE
Number Percentage
108
90%
8 6.66%
2 1.67% 2 1.67%
Nil Upto 5 years 5-10 years Above 10 years

18. Annual expenditure of the non adopted trainees
S.No Source of Annual average Percentag
expenditure expenditure (R) e
1. Food 64,280 72.79
2. Clothing 11,050 12.52
3. Education 12,980 14.69
Total 88,310 100.00

19. Annual expenditure of the adopted trainees
S.No Source of expenditure Annual average Percentage
expenditure (R)
1. Fisheries activities 1,39,000 53.55
2. Fisheries & allied activities 6,000 2.32
3. Food 81,875 31.54
4. Clothing 17,375 6.69
5. Education 15,340 5.90
Total 2,59,590 100

20. ECONOMIC MOTIVATION
Sl.No Statement SA A UD DA SDA
1. Ornamental fish culture 96.6 3.33 --- --- ---
main purpose is to earn 7
much money within the less
land
2. Farmers should invest on 25 73.34 0.83 0.83 ---
ornamental fish culture to
get more profits within short
period of time

21. CREDIT ORIENTATION
Numbers Percentage
66
55%
37
30.83%
17
14.17%
Low Medium High

22. Sl.No Training Most needed Needed Not needed
programme No. % No. % No. %
1. Live food culture 10 8.33 53 44.17 57 47.5
2. Formulated feed 14 11.67 54 45 52 43.33
preparation
3. Marine aquarium 8 6.67 4 3.33 108 90
management
4. Cross breeding 8 6.67 3 2.5 109 90.83
management

23. INFORMATION SOURCE EXPOSURE
Sl.No Information source Regular (%) Occasional Never (%)
(%)
1. Seminar 5 2.5 92.5
2. Training programmes 6.67 93.33 ---
3. Scientific books/literature 1.67 9.17 89.17
4. News paper 40 50 10
5. Aquarium related 1.67 7.5 90.83
magazine and other
publications
6. Radio programmes 5.83 76.67 17.5
7. Television programmes 97.5 2.5 ---
8. Other (internet) 0.83 3.33 95.83

24. MATERIAL POSSESSION
Sl.No Type of material Number Percentage
1. Earthen fish ponds --- ---
2. Cement cisterns 7 70
3. Glass tanks 10 100
4. Motor and pump 8 80
5. Water supply system 10 100
6. Electrical and power generation 4 40
system
7. Oxygen cylinder 6 60
8. Nets 10 100
9. Aerator 10 100
10. Filter 6 60

25. SOCIAL PARTICIPATION
Number Percentage
83
69.17%
18 19
15% 15.83%
Low (below 7.14) Medium (7.14-9.58) High (above 9.58)

26. EXTENSION LINKAGE
Sl.No Category D W M 0 N
1. KVK 0.83 0.83 4.18 0.83 93.3
3
2. NGO --- --- --- --- 100
3. State Fisheries 3.33 0.83 1.67 --- 94.1
departments 7
D=Daily, W=Weekly, M=Monthly, O=Occasionally, N=Never

27. Scientific orientation
79.16%
14.17%
6.67%
Low (below 33.44) Medium (33.45-39.22) High (above 39.22)

28. RISK ORIENTATION
Number Percentage
51
42 42.5%
35%
27
22.5%
Low (below 27.94) Medium (27.94-33.98) High (above 33.98)

29. Sl.No Category More Confident Less
confident (%) confident
(%) (%)
1. Peoples 54.17 45.83 ---
2. Institutions (banks, 0.83 53.34 45.83
NGOs, Government
agencies, etc)

30. INNOVATIVENESS
Sl.No Statements A UD DA
(%) (%) (%)
1. As soon as you get information 15 77.5 7.5
by reading a new fisheries
practice will you take immediate
step to put into practice?
2. The Government had help you to 80 --- 20
establish a fisheries elsewhere
would you move?

31. Number Percentage
84
70%
20 16.67%
16 13.33%
Low (below 26.31) Medium (26.31-34.05) High (above 34.05)

32. 10%
adoption
non - adoption
90%

33. Variables No. Independent variables r – value
X1 Age 0.235**
Correlation between the profile of the respondents and
X2 Educational status 0.417**
X3 Occupational status 0.02NS
X4 Family status 0.505**
X5 Farming experience 0.515**
X6 Annual expenditure 0.522**
X7 Economic motivation -0.227*
their adoption
X8 Credit orientation 0.212*
X9 Training needs 0.258**
X10 Information source exposure 0.063NS
X11 Material possession 0,615**
X12 Social participation status 0.019NS
X13 Extension linkage system 0.347**
X14 Scientific orientation -0.050NS
X15 Risk orientation -0.082NS
X16 Self confidence 0.156NS
X17 Innovativeness -0.019NS
X18 Knowledge level 0.379**
Dependent variable
Y1 Adoption 0.116NS

36. Category Number Percentage
Low (R 50,000 & below) 9 7.50
Medium (R 50,001 to R 66 55.00
1,00,000)
High (R 1,00,001 & above) 45 37.50

37. Variables No. Independent variables r – value
Correlation between the profile of the respondents and their
X1 Age 0.032NS
X2 Educational status 0.173NS
X3 Occupational status 0.446**
X4 Family status 0.101NS
X5 Farming experience 0.135NS
X6 Annual expenditure 0.494**
X7 Economic motivation
empowerment
-0.298**
X8 Credit orientation -0.055NS
X9 Training needs 0.107NS
X10 Information source exposure 0.108NS
X11 Material possession 0.162NS
X12 Social participation status -0.051NS
X13 Extension linkage system 0.039NS
X14 Scientific orientation -0.021NS
X15 Risk orientation -0.066NS
X16 Self confidence -0.003NS
X17 Innovativeness 0.020NS
X18 Knowledge level 0.071NS
Dependent variable

38. Sl.No Problems Frequency Percentage
1. Money problem 99 82.5
2. Land problem 92 76.67
3. Assured market 48 40

39. Sl.No Solutions Frequency Percentage
1. Banks and government institutes 99 82.5
should give sufficient financial
support to start the ornamental
fish culture
2. Government should provide 92 76.67
subsidies to purchase the land
for starting the farm
3. Contract farming 48 40

41.  The educational status of the respondents can
be better utilized by organizing and
conducting some more training programmes
to the unemployed youth for making them
job providers rather than job seekers.
 Contact of trainees with the extension
agencies was low.

42.  The knowledge level of the trainees was
found to be medium.
 A vast number of respondents are watching
the television regularly.
 Those who all were adopted the ornamental
fish culture had higher level of income. By
conducting some field visits to their farms
and providing chance to interact with
them, we can motivate the trainees.

43.  More than half of the respondents showing
interest in formulated feed preparation as well
as live food culture training.
 Unbelievable truth here is adoption is very
low (10%).
 To improve the adoption rate, trainings should
be conducted for those who have real need.