2. p3
p11
EIAm 1 p19
EXAfl 2
EIAM 3
Memories
Compound What'son
adiectives the box?
. Reading . Useof English
. Speaking oWriting
Relationships Friends
oTheorigins
of English
ArthurMilter
andAllmy sons
olnheritance
@
Describing
an event
Review
oDiscussion
oPhrasal
verbs
oSporting
oflgrn5
. Listening
Marriagein
theUK
Lotdofthe Narrative
Flies tenses
Loveconquers
all
A new
direction
laques-Yves
Cousteau
Sweetdreams?
Photo
comparison
Negotiation AnartlcleVerb
patterns
Protest
songs
Iife
changes
P27
p29
PJ7
p47
p55
Descdblng
change
o Reading
. Speaking
Warand
peace
oUseof English . Listedng
oWriting
Family Fightingfor
tensions equality
Conditionals Discussion
Eltipsis
Adding
empasis
Modalverbs
Passive
structures
Complex
sentences
Dlscurslve
essay
Presentation Article:
describinga
Person
Photo Story-wrlting
comparison
Presentation Letterof
complaint
Stimulus-based Areport
discussion
Dnwing Oplnlon
conclusions essy
Lookinginto Themeanlng TheEuropean
the future of dreams dream?
. Reading . Useof English . Listcning
. Speaking eWrlting
Reporting
structures
Tnvelling
p57 about
Fashlon
Thetravel Earlymigration
bug to Australia
Time travel
Foodof the
future
Foodor
fuel?
. Reading . Useof English . Listenlng
oSpeaking . writing
Gossip In confidence Thesecret
agent
Youth
culture
qm4
P65
p77
Threatsto
ourplanet
HaPPY
endings?
. Listenlng
lmmortatity Presentation Opinlon
essay
EXAN 5
p83
p91 . Reading o Useof English
. Speaking . Writing
EXAMGHALIENGEAilD CuMUtaflvEREvrEwsp93 tuilcrrol{s BANKp1o2 WRrrrxc PHRASESBAI{Kp104 WRrrrNGBAIK p107 WoRDHsr p111
,l- Whereveryouseethissymbol,youwillfindinteractive '
I
- practiceinthecorrespondingsectionoftheMultiR0M
lx vouRCDpL,qvER
Track
1 1BSpeaking,page4
2 1FSpeaking:Discussion,page9
3 2FSpeaking:Stimulus-baseddiscussion,page77
4 2FSpeaking:Stimulus-baseddiscussion,page17
5 Getreadyforyourexam1,page20
6 38Speaking,page22
7 3FSpeaking:Discussion,page27
8 4FSpeaking:Discussion,page35
9 Getreadyforyourexam2,page38
10 5BSpeaking,page40
77 5FSpeaking:Presentation,page45
72 6FSpeaking:Stimulus-baseddiscussion,page53
73 6FSpeaking:Stimutus-baseddiscussion,page53
74 Getreadyforyourexam3, page56
75 7BSpeaking:Discussion,page58
76 7FSpeaking:Presentation,page63
77 8FSpeaking:Stimulus-baseddiscussion,page7L
18 Getreadyforyourexam4, page74
79 98 Speaking,pageT6
20 9FSpeaking:Stimulus-baseddiscussion,page8L
27 10FSpeaking:Presentation,page89
22 Getreadyforyourexam5, page92

3. Memories
I can talk about
cLtLIdhtod ynzyntrtes.
W o D S T R A U G H T
B K A A D I c R H c R
o V E R W H E L M E D E
X F M T S Y N G o P R T B
W R R E 0 N E N S E E E E
o C D S o A M E N D E W
T z V o T c U S F S X a
H P R E o c c U P E D L
D S o R I E N T A ,T E D
R A c A S S T o S c E
A N c N J M W W E o T o R
W H o T L U N E z R X T E
N U M M E R U E D S G z D
1 findeightadiectivestodescribefeelings1- 1.t:,).
Whichofthewordsfromexercise1 describehowyoumight
feelinsituationsT-7?
1 Youwakeupafteradeepsleepandhavenoideawhat
timeitisorwhereyouare.
2 Youarrivelateattheairportanddiscoveryoudon'thave
yourpassport._
3 You'retryingtochooseadishfromamenu,butthereareso
manytochoosefromyoudon'tknowwheretostart.
4 Yougethomeworkfromfourdifferentteachers.Theyatt
wantyoutohandinthehomeworktomorrow
5 You'reata partywhereyouhardlyknowanybody.You
feeltooshytosaymuch.
5 You'reworriedaboutanexamyou'retakingtomorrow
andareunabletoconcentrateonanythingelse.
7 Youwanttoconfrontaclassmatewhoyoususpectofsteating
moneybutneedtobeverycarefulhowtogoaboutit.-
Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxand
matchthebeginningsofthesentenceswiththeirendings.
7
2
3
4
5
5
with
Asl
hisflatisonthethirdftoor.
ofmeetingher.
avery- smell.
aboutoldtimes.
inmymemory.
I shouldneverhavegone
therealone.
Shelovesto
A woodfirehas
I haveno
Thatsongis now
4 Rewritethesentencesusingthewordsinbracketssothat
thesecondsentencehasthesamemeaningasthefirst.
1 I'veaskedyourepeatedlytokeepthenoisedown.(time)
2 Sherecognisedhim immediatety.(once)
3 He'sworkingat hisfather'sshopfornow.(being)
4 They'tlbehereverysoon.(any)
5 Everybodymakesmistakesoccasionally.(while)
5 Mybrotherwasstilla babythen.(at)
a
b
c
d
e
f
Writetheadiectivesinthecorrectboxtomakethem
negative.
6 CompletethesentenceswithprefixesfromAandwords
1 | usedto workfora companybut nowI'm-.
2 Shegotfoodpoisoningaftereatingsome-
chicken.
3 Standin a circleandpassthe ballroundin an-
direction.
4 Don'tmentionheraccent.She's- aboutit.
5 What'sthe nameoftheactorwho- withJohnny
Deppin SweeneyTodd?
6 | thoughthe saidsomethingrudeto mebutI might
have-.
un tn
tm dis
tr it
-rcryp Unit1eBeginnings

4. Inheritance
I cawtalk about
tnhertted charactertJttu.
Q Of tistentoAnnietalkingaboutsimilaritiesbetween
herselfandherparents.Arethesentencestrueorfalse?
WriteTorF.
1 Facia[[y,Annieandhermotherarefairlyalike.-
2 Annieandhermotherhaveidenticalhairstyles.-
3 Anniethinksherfaceisverysimilartoherfather's.-
4 Annieandherfatherbothhavearelaxedattitudetolife.-
5 Annie'smotherknowswhatkindofclothesAnnie
likes.-
O,gt, ListenagainandcompletethephrasesAnnieuses.
1 Welt,physically, I suppose.
2 We're ofeachother.
3 Peoplesaytheycansee mydadandme.
4 I'vegota ln me.
5 Whenit taste,I reckonI'vegot
5 Writelogicalresponsestothesentencesusingwillorwould.
1 Theteacherconfiscatedmyphone.
ulell.vouwillkecotattinoin claos.
2 |foundit reallyhardtogetupthismorning.
3 I'mfreezing.
4 Mygrandmother'sbeensuspendedfromdriving.
5 Joewasexpelledfromhislastschool.
5 BeforeIwentona dietlweighed75kilos.
withmymum.
5 lsitsomething
behaviour?
orisitlearned
Rewritethesentencesusingthewordsin bracketssothat
thesecondsentencehasthesamemeaningasthefirst.
1 lt'seasytoseethatPaulandJoearefromthesame
family.(strong/ resemblance)
There
2 Youcan
Phobias
3 Intermsofpolitics,Edwardandhisdadhavesimilar
views.(common)
When
4 Luke
Luke
5 Mypersonalityis
Personality-wise,
verysimilarto mymum's.(after)
Choosethecorrectwordstocompletethetext.Oneorboth
answersmaybecorrect.
inheritphobiasfromyourparents.(geneticatty)
looksextremelysimilartoMattDamon.(image)
Beinganidenticaltwinhasitsupsanddowns.0nthe
positiveside,whenMaxandIwereyoungerwelwould
never/ neverusedto feelalonebecausewe2would
afways/ alwaysusedto haveeachotherto relyon.
| 3usedto / wouldbequitereservedandhewas
outgoingsohetvouldhelp/ helpedmeoutinsocial
situations.Unlikesometwins,we5didn'tuseto/
wouldn'thaveourownlanguagebutwealwaysknew
whattheother6usedto think/ wasthinking.Even
nowwewilloftenfinishoffeachother'ssentences.
OnethingthatlfounddifficultisthatI Tdidn'tuse
/ usednottofeellikeanindividualandlsusedto
resent/ wasresentangthatsometimes.Peopleused
to seeusasa unitandcallus'thetwins'.
WhatreallygetsonmynervesasIgetolderisthat
peopleeareforevermistaking/ forevermistake
meforMax.Inmyfirstyearatsixth-formcollege
peopleusedtolothink
/ werethinkingIwasrude
because| (orinreality,Max)11didn't,/didn'tuseto
sayhellotothemaroundtheschool.Now| 12say
/ will
sayhellotoeveryonewhosayshellotomesothat
they13don't
/ won'tthinkmybrother'srude.Butthe
mistakenidentitythingcanbeusedto ouradvantage-
likewhenI laborrowed
/ wouldborrowMax'sdriving
licencebeforeI hadpassedmytest.
Unit1. Beginnings

5. I cqw
qvLartlcle
understandand reqctto
qbout the ortgtw of Engltsl+.
heoriginsofEnglis
1 Completethesummarywithwordsfromthebox.
WhenBritainwasinvadedbyGermanictribesinthefifth
century,ittookonthelanguageoftheinvaders,knownas
1- orOldEnglish.Manymodemdaywordsconnected
with2- comeftomthisphase.OtdEnglish3-
certainwordsfromtheRomansandalsoitsa-.
lt latertookwordsftomt..----.-----------thelanguageofViking
invaders.
Aftertheeleventhcentury,MiddleEnglishbegantoo
ltsgrammarbecamesimpleraswordinflections7
-.
ManyFrenchwordswereintroducedfollowingtheNorman
8- in1066.Thethirdphase,ModernEnglish,began
withtheinventionofthee- inthefifteenthcentury.
Thefirst10-were usedinthe1700sandasaresult
the11- ofwordsbecamemorestable.Thelanguage
continuestoevolve,andisstrongly12- bythe
IntemetandbytheEnglishspokenby13- speakers.
2 Readthetextquickly,ignoringthegaps.Whichthreewords
arebeingdescribed?
A- B- C
Completethetextwithsuitablewords.
Arethestatementstrueorfalse?WriteTorF.
7 Honeymoonusedto havemorepositiveconnotations
thanit doestoday.-
2 lnahoneymoonperiod,mistakesaretolerated.-
3 InRomantimessoldierswerepaidwithsalt.-
4 Salarychangeditsmeaningduringthetransitionfrom
Anglo-Normanto modernEnglish.-
5 Poshhasa popularexplanationthathasnotbeen
substantiated.-
5 finOwordsinthetextwhichmatchthesedefinitions.
1
2
3
4
5
totakenonoticeof
becamewider
averysmallamount
reasonableandtikelyto betrue
,
t
[l
tvmoloevis the study of word origins. It is
| ' / a subiectwhich seemsto hold a remarkable
fascination for people,as can be seenfrom the
numerousblogsand Internet sitesdedicated1-
lengthy discussionsand speculations 2- the origin
of a given word. Below are a few examplesof words that
are of particular etymologicalinterest.
@According to the lexicographer,SamuelJohnson,
the original meaningof this word suggestssomewhat
cynically that marriage begins with the sweetnessand
tendernessof honey,but soonwanes 3
- the moon.
It still retains thoseconnotationstoday in the expression
honeymoon periodwhich refers to the first stagea-
a new activity - a government'sfirst term in office,for
example- when peopleare prepared temporarily to
ignore 5- imperfections.Nowadays,in the context
of marriage, the pessimisticimplications have faded and
the word simply refers to a holiday taken by a newly
married couple.
@ fnis word.originated from Latin, where salarium, a
derivative of sa-lmeaning'salt', referred to 'an allowance
given to soldiersto buy salt'. In former times salt was a
valued commodity,over which wars were 6-. It *u"
not taken for 7
- as it is today.Use of the word soon
broadenedout to the current meaning of'fixed periodic
payment of work done'and passedin this sensevia
Anglo-Norman into English.
@ fnis word describessomethingstylishly luxurious.
In Britain it alsomeanssomebodyor somethingtypical
8 the upper classes.It first appearedin the early
twentieth
g-
and was widely 10- to be an
r acronym for 'Port Out, Starboard Home', referring to
the locationof the more desirablecabinson passenger
shipstravelling 11- Britain and India. Thoseon
the port Oeft)sideon the way out, and the starboard
kight) on the return trip, benefited from the seabreeze
and shelterfrom the s.,n.12- it providesa very
neat explanation,there isn't a shredofevidencefor it.
A more plausible solution is that the modern adjective,
posh, is the sameword as the now obsoletenoun posh,
meaning'dandy'(a man who caresa lot about his
clothes) a slang term current in the late nineteenth
century.
nolongerused
Unit1oBeginnings

6. 'Tr-"
portingorigin
Quicklyreadthetextaboutthreeextremesports.Inwhich
countrydideachsportoriginate?
A_B_C_
Readthetexts.AnswerthequestionsA,BorC.
Whichsport
1 wasinventedbypeoplewhofoundtifedull?-
2 hetditsfirstinternationalchampionshipsin1982?-
3 beganona mudtrackandmadeitswaytotheworld
stage?-
discouragesparticipationincontests?-
isnamedafterthedifferentcategoriesofthesport?-
wasmadefamousbya programmewhichwasprimarily
abouta differentsport?-
usesa saferformofequipmentforparticipantsthan
before?-
8 trainsitspractitionerstodealwithlife'sproblems?-
9 wasinventedasa low-costalternativeforanother
soort?-
10 involvesa setofbeliefs?-
77 isshowninafamousfeaturefitm?-
72 isoftenperformedillegally?-
I cawunderstqndatLarticle
aboutthz ortgLwof dffirew sports.
4 Arethesentencestrueorfalse?WriteTorF.
1 ThemainaimofParkouristogetfromonepointto
anotherasquicklyaspossible.-
2 SometraceurspractisedtheirsportintheParis
underground.-
3 BASEjumpingismoredangerousthanskydiving.-
4 CartBoenishwasthefirstpersontoaccomplishallfour
typesofBASEjump.-
5 WhenitfirstbecamepopularintheUSA,youngpeople
wantedtoparticipateinmotocrossbutcouldn'taffordit.
6 Stingraybikeswerespeciallydesignedforcycling
offroad.-
Findwordsorphrasesinthetextwhichmatchthese
definitions.
1 a fencemadeofverticalmetalbars(textA)
2 jumpoverina singlemovement,usingyourhandsto
pushyou(textA)
3
4
5
6
7
8
braveacts(textA)
a dishonestwayof behaving(textB)
achieves(textB)
becamepopular(textC)
imitating(textC)
a suddenincrease(paragraphC)
4
5
6
Completethesentencesusingappropriateadverbsor
adverbialphrasesfromthebox.
1 Shestuck- toherargumentdespitebeing
challengedbytheinterviewer.
2
3
I agreedwithwhathewassaying.
WhenI realisedI hadputmyfootinit,l-
changedthesubiect. t
4 Thenovelwas- basedonthewriter'sown
tife.
He- deniedreadingatherdiary.
Thelawcasewas reportedinthepress.
Sheis- opposedtocapitalpunishment.
Flashphotographyis prohibitedinthis
museum.
Becarefulwhenpickingwildmushrooms.Certain
typescanmakeyou- ilt.
5
6
7
8
Whatdoyouthinkmotivatespeopletotakeupextreme
sports?Writea paragraphandgiveexamples.
Unit1r Beginnings

7. Runnlng free
f, tntneearly1990s,inthetownofLisses,50minutessouthof
f,aris,agroupofboredteenagerswouldhangouttogetherinapark
afterschool.Uninterestedinfootballorotherconventionalgames,
:neywouldentertainthemselvesbydaringeachotherto dostunts
:singbenches,railings,wallsandotlrcrparkfurniture.Fromthe
carktheymovedintothestreets,whereeveryobjectwasviewed
assomethingtobeclimbedup,vaultedoverorswungfrom.Their
groupleaderwastheexceptionallyathleticseventeen-year-old,David
3elle,whohadbeeninspiredbytheheroicexploitsofhisfather,a
'enownedmilitaryfirefighter,andbythemartialartsfilmsofBruce
-ee.ThisgroupbecamethefoundersofParkouror Free-Running
althoughpuristswillinsistthatthereisadifferencebetweenthetwo).
rJorethanjustasport,Parkourisadisciplineandartwhichaimsto
developthebodyandmindto beabletoovercomeobstacleswith
'urdity,efficiencyandspeedandtoapplytheseskillstothemental
aswellasthephysicalchallengesinlife.Inthelatenineties,Parkour
attracteda hugeundergroundfollowingin France,andgradually
emergedacrosstheworldandlaterenteredthemainstreamafter
'eaturingin themid-2000sin variousdocumentariesandfilms,
-otablyCasinoRoyale,starringSebastienFoucan,anotherParkour
'lunder,asa free-runningterroristbeingchasedoverrooftopsby
JamesBond.Manytraceurs(practictionersofParkour)campaign
againstitspopularisation,fearingthatitwillleadtocommercialism
andcompetition,whichgoesagainstits inherentphilosophy.
liuing onthe edge
Ej BASEjumpingis anadventuresportwhichusesa parachute
to jumpfromfixedobjects,whichmayeitherbenaturalfeatures
or man-madestructures.'BASE'is anacronymforthefourtypes
of objectsfromwhichonecanjump;Building,Antenna,Span(or
bridge),andEarth(thewordusedfor a cliff).BASEjumpsdiffer
fromtraditionalskydivingsincetheyaremadeat loweraltitude
withonlya few secondsto deploythe parachute,andthey
takeplaceincloseproximityto theobjectservingasa jumping
platform.Ownersof structuresaregenerallyreluctantto allow
themto beusedasjumpingplatforms,so manyBASEjumpers
resortto subterfugeinordertogettothem.Modernbasejumping
wasinventedin 1978by CarlBoenish,whofilmeda groupof
friendsjumpingfromElCapitan(averticalrockface)inYosemite
NationalPark,California.Theywereusinga typeof parachute
whichwasmoresecurethanearliermodelsandeveryonelanded
unharmed.Carlandotherpioneersof thesportsooncameup
withtheBASEacronymanddevelopedtheBASEnumbersystem
whereanyonewhoaccomplishesajumpof eachtypeisassigned
a BASEnumber,insequenceof thepeoplewhohavecompleted
all fourtypesbefore.CarlwasBASEnumber4. ln 1984,he
diedafterhittinga rockoutcropwhileBASEjumpingin Norway.
Extreme bilfing
@ Motocross,or 'off-roadmotorcycleracing',originatedin
Britaininthe1920s.Whenthesportfinallytookoff intheUSA
inthe1960s,manyteenagershadthedesirebutnotthemeans
to participate.Soinsteadtheystartedemulatingtheirmotocross
heroesontheirbicycles,wearingfullmotocrossgear.In 1971,
a motorcycleracingdocumentary,0n AnySunday,is generally
thoughttohaveinspiredamovementwhichbecameknownasBMX
(bicyclemotocross).Initsopeningscenesit showedteenagekids
ridingtheirStingrays,themostpopularbrandofcustombike,on
anoff+oaddirttrack,handlingthemwithextraordinaryskilland
dexterity.Therelativelylowcostofparticipatinginthesportcoupled
withthewideavailabilityofplacesto rideanddotricksmeantthat
BMXbecameaninstanthitnationally.lt sweptacrossEuropein
thelate70sandin 1981theInternationalBMXFederationwas
founded,withthefirstworldchampionshipsbeingheldthefollowing
year.In2003,theInternationalOlympicCommitteevotedtoinclude
BMXracinginthe2008SummerGames,inwhich32 menand
sixteenwomenparticipated.Asa resultitenjoyedanothersurgein
popularity.TodaythereareoveronethousandBMXtracksaround
theworldandparticipationin BMXracingis at anall-timehigh.
Unit1oBeginnings

8. Phrasalverbs
Gonstrrrction of new DNA
laboratory to go ahead
-m-outa"at go dor'r-n
:-*itt new4gryry
Scientistscome
up with w?y r_togenerati
syntheticbtood twinbrother
tipsthemoff
to mentalarithmetic'
claimsresearch
'Elephantsclevererthan
humanswhenit comesI Plansfor
National
ID card fall
through
rGenetics to bring about medical
breakthroughs' predict scientists
1 ldentifythephrasalverbsinthenewspaperheadlinesand
writetheminthecorrectcolumnofthetablebelow.
Writethephrasalverbsfromexercise1 nexttotheir
meanings.
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
tocausetohappen
to notbecompleted
towarnsbaboutsomethingillegal
tofindananswer
tohappen,tobedone
tobecomeillwith
to relatetoa particularsituation
tothinkthatsbissomebodvelse
Rearrangethewordsto makesentenceswithphrasalverbs.
1 place/at/down/ Manchester/offeredla lbutlwasI
she/ turnedI itI LauralUniversity
people/are/Whitstlin lfavourI do laway/ of/the
monarchy,/ others/ some/ thinkI withI itI we lshould
meaning/keep/ never/out/ butI SetI | / my/ photos
/ round/to / sortI itI | | to
some/ boughtI AfterI new/ourI toI myselfI upI myI
boyfriend/ broke/ clothes/ off/ retationship/ l/ cheer
father/ was/ decidedI itI notI My/ over/ toI goI in/ New
York/ but/ afterI forI itI iobI offered/ a/ thinking/ he
Completetheseirtenceswiththeactive,passiveor
infinitiveformsoftheverbsintheboxandanobiect
pronounwherenecessary.
1
2
3
4
5
I don'ttrustheranymore.She's toooften.
I can'tfindtheletter.lt mighthave-.
Hewasbornand inSydney.
Thatnoiseisdifficult
She'tl- byhergrandparentswhilstherparentsare
onholiday.
Couldyou atthetrafficlights,please?
Thecompanywasforced- staff.
Howmanypeople tothegig?
4
6
7
8
Two-partverbswithno
object 7
2
Two-partverbwherethe
objectcanbecomebetween
orafterthetwoparts,but
comesbetweenthepartsif
theobiectisa pronoun
3
4
Two-partverbswhose
obiectcannotcome
betweenthetwoparts
5
6
Three-partverbswhose
objectcannotcome
betweentheparts
7
8
Unit1oBeginnings

9. Discussion
I
I cavtupress vnyopLwow
on ethLcalissnes,
Completethe textaboutgeneticatly-modified(GM)food
with wordsfromthe box. Areyoufor or againstthe ban?
When GM food first hit British supermarketshelves
in 1996this major revolution in food technology
passedby virtually unnoticed. It wasnt until 1999
that a 1- experimentwhich suggested
that GM potatoesmight causeindigestion in rats
sparkeda major 2-.
Although the experimentwas subsequently
3-, it led to a massiveEuropeananti-GM
food a- which resultedin an unofficial
ban on the growth and import of GM s
in Europe.Public opinion on GM cropsremains
divided today.Somefeelsuspiciousabout the
6
- effectsit may have on health and the
environment in the long 7-. Others believe
it could solvethe world's food 8
6)Oz ListentotwopeoplediscussingthesubjectofGM
food.Whichofthefoltowingtopicsarementioned?
a solutionstowortdhunger
b monopolyofthemarketbylarge
GMtechnologycompanies
c solutionstomalnutrition
d environmentaldamagecausedbyGMproducts
e dangerstohumanhealth
f theethicsofinterferingwithnature
t Soz Listenagainandcompletethephrasesthe
speakersuse.
1 lt's territory.
2 Anychangehasitspotential
3 Cropswhichcan agriculturalconditions.
4 Surelyyoucan't - that?
5 Notifweendup poisoningpeopleinthe-
6 We'regoingto haveto agree
4 ()oz tvtatctr1-8 witha-h toformexpressionsfor
reactingtoanopposingview.Whichdoyouhearinthe
discussion?Listenagainandcheck.
1 | don'tagree
2 There'snoevidence
3 That'sa fair
4 | seewhat
5 Thatargumentdoesn't
6 Youtakethingstosuch
7 Youcan'tbe
8 Wherewittit
Completethesentencesbychoosingthecorrectwordto
completethecommonadverb-adjectivecollocations.
1 | alwaysavoidenvironmenta[[yunkind/ unfriendly
oroducts.
2 Annwasreallyoffended.Shecouldn'tbelievehow
potiticatlyfalse/ incorrectthespeakerwas.
3 Ben'sbehaviourwascompletety/ fullyunacceptable.
4 Somethinkcigaretteadvertisingistotally/ widelyunethica[.
5 TheGMindustryarguesthattheirworkisperfectty/
virtuallyjustifiable.
6 Manypeoplethinkcloningismorallywrong/ incorrect.
7 Banningresearchintothisisroughly/ virtuallyimpossible.
8 Aredesignerbabieswidely/ highlyimprobable?
Writea paragraphagreeingordisagreeingwiththe
statementbelow.Usetheideasinexercise2 andinclude
somecollocationsfromexercisest and5.
Atlfoodcontaininggenetically-modified products
shouldbebanned.
T
tr
T
tr
tr
I
a youmean.
b makesense.
c anextreme!
d point,I suppose.
e to proveit.
f serious!
g end?
h withthatargument.
Unit1. Beginnings

10. Describinganevent
Preparation
1 Completethedescriptionofaneventusinglike,asorasif.
Findatleastoneexampleinthestoryof:
1 a shortsentenceusedforemphasisorsuspense.
2 a synonymthathasbeenusedto avoidrepetition.
3 a simileusedtocreatea cleardescription.
I can,wrLteavt,efu.tLve
descrLpttovtof an evew.
3 Replacetheadjectivesin italicswithawordwitha similar
meaningfromthebox.Therearetwowordsthatyoudonot
need.
1 Hewasreluctanttoanswermyquestions.
2 |wasnervousaboutdrivingabroad.
3 Theplay'erwasbaffledbythereferee'sdecision.
4 Sheadmittedguiltbutdidn'tseemveryrepentant.
5 He'ssotense.Heneedsto relaxa bit.
6 She'sterrifiedofrats.
Youhavebeenaskedtowriteabouta memorableeventin
yourlife.Makenotes.
1 Whereandwhendidit happen?
2 Whoelsewasinvolved?
3 Howdidyoufeel?
4 Whathappenedintheend?
Useyournotesfromexercise4 to writeadescriptionofthe
eventfollowingthewritingguidebelow.Write200-250words.
LastsummerlwentroundFranceinacampervanwitha
groupoffriends.Headingtowardstheferryterminalwe
felttotallyelatedasthiswasourfirstrealtasteoffreedom.
Noneofushadtravelledwithoutourparentsbefore.Wehad
brilliantfuncruisingalong,listeningtomusic,playinggames
andtakingturnstodrlvethevan.
A[[wentwetluntilwereachedthesuburbsofParisat
aboutthreeinthemorning.Iwasdriving,whileArchie
navigatedustowardsa campsite,andtheothertwoslept
1- logsintheback.Iwasgettingincreasingly
annoyedwithArchiewhokeptgettinguslost.Eventually,
I gotsoirritatedthathethrewthemapatme,toldmeto
findthecampsitemyself,andthenpromptlyfellasleep.
FeelingdrowsymysellI decidedto abandonthecampsite
ideaandparkontheroadside.MomentslaterI came
acrosswhatlooked2-an emptycarparkand
pulledinforthenight.
AfewhourslaterIwokeupfeelingdisorientated,andwith
thesensationthatsomethingwasamiss.Iopenedthe
door.WhatIthensawwillbeingrainedin mymemoryfor
ever:hundredsofchildrenstaringatme3- |was
acompletefoolasIstoodtherewearingjustmypyjama
bottoms.I hadparkedinaschoolplayground!|stood
motionless,myface red5- a beetroot,
thenIsheepishlyctimbedintothefrontofthevan,anddrove
away5- quicklyandcalmly7- |could,whilemy
friendssleptonintheback,oblivioustotheentireepisode.
4
WritingGuide
Explainthegeneralcontext,givingbriefdetailsofwhereand
whentheeventhappened.
Describetheeventsleadinguptothemainevent.Usethe
modelinexercise1 asa guide.
Describetheeventitsetlgivingdetailsofhowyoufelt.
Roundoffyourstorybyexplaininghowtheeventaffected
youortheotherpeople.
. followedtheparagraphptan?
o usedatleastoneshortsentencetoaddemphasisor
buildsuspense?
. includedatleastonesimile?
. usedsynonymstoavoidrepetition?
o checkedthenumberofwordsandmadechangesif
necessary?
. checkedyourworkformistakes?
3
4
I
Unit1r Beginnings

11. Readthecluesanddothecrossword.
Across
1 willingtoacceptbehaviourthatisdifferentfromyourown:
--minded
2 petrifying:--raising
3 calm,abletomakesensibledecisionsindifficult
situations:--headed
4 havingconfidenceinyourself:self--
5 notcarryinganything:empty--
7 abletothinkquickly,inteltigent:quick--
8 oversensitiveto criticismorinsults:thin--
Down
1 showingnofeelingsorpityforotherpeople:cold--
2 caringandgenerous:kind--
5 fullofexcitingeventsandactivity:--packed
CompletethesentenceswithwordsfromAandthepresent
orpastparticipleformofwordsfromB.
Stepbrothersisa- filmabouttwofull-grown
menthatactlikekids.
Everydayshemanagesto loseorforgetsomething.
She'sso
Thechildrenwatchedthecircustricksin
amazement.
InNewSouthWales(Australia) peopleare
prohibitedfromusingsolariums.
A
absent
fair
tight
rong
time
wide
Sompoundadjective
B
consume
eye
heart
last
mind
skin
I cavLtalk aboat
varLow aspectsof storLes.
1 Thetortewasdeliciousbutrather- to make.
2 lt'sworthinvestinginsome energy-efficient
lightbulbs.
Choosethecorrectwordsto comptetethesentences.
1 Thechildrenwerepromisedthatiftheywerewell-behaved
/ welt-behavingtheycouldhaveanicecream.
2 Theterroristattackwillhavefar-reaching/ far-fetching
implications.
3 Thereweresomestrange-sounded/ strange-sounding
dishesonthemenu.
4 lt'simportantfora companyto haveaneye-catching
/ sight-catchinglogo.
5 Thestarting/ openingsequencewasawesomebut
thefilmwentdownhillfromthenon.
6 Thefilmwasmadeonastdngtight/ shoe-stringbudget.
7 ThenewfilmstarsMexicanheart-throb/ heartbeat
GaelGarciaBerna[.
8 Menin Blackwasoneofthebiggestblockbreakers/
blockbustersofthe1990s.
-
blurb [bb:b]
noun a shortdescription ofa book, a new product, etc.,
written by the peoplewho haveproduced it, that is intended
to attract your attention and make you want to buy it
Inventthestoryofa filmandwritetheblurbforit using
asmanyofthewordsintheboxasyoucan.Alternatively,
writeoneforafilmyouknow.
Unit2r Stories

12. What'sonthebox?
can dtscws the effectt
of 'M on chLldrew.
1 Completethesentencesinthechatforumwiththewordsin
thebox.
Comptetethesentenceswithos,likeorunlike.
I Cansomeoneopenthewindow?lt's- a sauna
inhere!
2 |wasbornintheStates, wasmyfather.
3 Davewas-, 'Whatareyoutalkingabout?'
4 Stopbehaving a chitd!
5 Shelovesspicyfood- curry.
5 Hefoundaiob- a hotelreceptionist.
7 Listencarefullyanddo I tetlyou.
8 - mysister,whoisa briltiantpianist,I'vegotno
musicaltalent.
Rewritethesentencesusingthewordsin bracketssothat
thesecondsentencehasthesamemeaningasthefirst.
1 | sometimesdomyhomeworkinfrontofthery.Sodoes
mybrother.(as)
Shetatksaboutsoapoperacharactersasiftheywere
realpeopte.(tike)
3 Herfather'saTVproducer.(as)
4 Katelovesrealityshows,butI don't.(unlike)
5 | loveanimatedfilms,tikeRotatouille.(as)
6 UntikeSteve,I don'twatcha lotoftelevision.(tike)
Writea paragraphcomparingyourtelevisionviewinghabits
andpreferencesnowwithfiveyearsago.Uselanguage
fromexercises1 and3.
4
Hasanybodybeenwatchingthelatestseriesoftheteenagedrama,Skfii?
Whatarevourviewsonit?
Youbetll'mcompletelyhooked.lt'ssucharefreshingchangefromallthe
otherr- onTVatthemomentl
Yes.Ithinkit'sbrilliant.Ihecharactersares02- andthe3
arereallygripping.Ithinkit'sgotalottod0withthefactthat4
m0$dramaswhicharesupposedlyaimedatteens,thisonesactually
writtenbyteensanddealswithissues,5- drugsandeating
disorders,whicharereallyrelevanttous.
Ireckonit'sreallycool,reallyedgy,andIthinkthecharactersare
6-realisticallyandnotstereotyped7- theyareinalotof
dramas.
l'menjoyingit,butIdon'tthinkit'squiteasgoodE-the first
.lthinkthat'sreflectedintheviewingfigures.Apparently,this
serieshasabout' asmanyviewersasthefirst.
Yeah,lovingit,especiallybecauseit's11- inBristol,my
hometown!
l'dratherl2
1l
infrontofanepisodeofSkrnsratherthansome
rom-comanyday!
Unit2 . Stories

13. ArthurMillerandAllmvSons
I cawundersto{ndand react
to avtextractfrorw a play.
3
4
1 Comptetethetextwiththewordsinthebox.
The1- ArthurMitlerwasthesonofanAustrian
whowasdrawntotheUSAbvtheGreat
AmericanDream.Milte/sfamilylater3- severe
financial4-. Hismostfamousplay,Deothofa
Salesman,wasanattackontheAmericansystemand
its5- onmoneyandsocial6-.The ptay
wonseveral7
-literary
8-. However,
Millerwasfounde- bytheUn-AmericanActivities
Committeeof 10- theAmeiicanwayoflife
becauseofhiscommunist11-. That12-
waslateroverturned.
Readthetext,ignoringthegaps.WhatdoesJoecometo
understandattheendoftheptay?
Completethetextwithsuitablewords.
Answerthequestionsinyourownwords.
1 Whydidthe21pitotsdie?
2 HowdoesJoeexplainhisdecisiontosendthefaultyparts?
Whydoesthewriterusethewordironicallyinthethird
paragraph?
4 HowdidJoe'ssonsfeelabouttheirfather'sdeed?
WhatsimilaritiesaretherebetweenthisptayandDeoth
ofaSalesman?
Findwordsinthesecondandthirdparagraphsofthetext
whichmatchthesedefinitions.
1
2
3
4
5
maincharacter
foundto befreefromblame
dishonestbehaviour
workthatprovidesthemoneyyouneedtolive
thequalityofbeinghonestandhavingstrongmoral
principles
repeatedoremphasised
ALL IvtY
SONS
AIIMySonswasArthurMille/s
firstcommerciallysuccessful
ptay.Publishedtwoyears
beforehismostpopular
play,DeathofASalesman,it
markedthebeginningofthe
dramatist'smostfruitfulperiod
ofcreativity.Theplayis1- inthemid-westofthe
USAiustaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWarand
2- thestoryoftheKellerfamity,astheytrytocome
totermswithateniblesecret.
JoeKeller,theplay'sprotagonist,hasseeminglyachieved
the'AmericanDream'.Hehas3-his fortunesetling
aeroplanepartstothearmyo-the war.Hiseldest
sonLarryismissing,presumeddeadinthewar,andhehas
oneremainingson,Chris,5- isdestinedtotake
6- hisbusiness.Welearnthattwoyearseartier,|oe
hadbeenaccusedofknowinglyallowingfaultyengineparts
tobeshippedoutofhisfactory,causingthedeathsof21
pilots.Hewasarrestedbutthenexoneratedafterfalsely
denyingallknowledgeoftheincident,layingtheblame
instead7
- hisbusinesspartner,whoisnowin
prison.WhenJoe'sdeceitisrevealedduringthecourseof
theptay,hejustifieshisactionsayinghediditforthesake
ofhisfamily'sprosperityandChris'sfuturelivelihood.
ThecentralthemeoftheptayisJoeKeller'sconflictbetween
hisresponsibilitytohisfamilyandtowidersociety.By
shippingthefaultyparts,hehadfaitedinhisresponsibility
tothemenwhodepended8- theintegrityofhis
work,menwho,ironically,werepreparedtogivetheirlives
intheserviceoftheirsociety.Chris,whoisessentiallya
-spokesmane- theptaywright,stronglybelievesin
people'sresponsibilitytoothermembersofsocietyandis
honifiedbyhisfather'scrime.ltisnotuntillaterintheplay
10-
Joe,onlearningthatLarryhadtakenhisown
lifeafterreadingabouthiscourtcase,finallyrealisesthat
hehasbeenresponsiblenot11- forthedeathof
onesonbutthatthesoldierswere'al[mysons',atheme
reiteratedbythetitteoftheptay.
Theanti-capitalistsentimentunderlyingtheptaywasone
reason12-the ptaywrighthadtoappearbeforethe
Un-AmericanActivitiesCommitteeduringthe1950s.
Unit2r Stories

14. Lordofthe Flies
t0cawunderstandand react
aw utract frovwa wvel.
4
5 WhyisSimonattacked?
WhatarethereasonsforRalph'semotionalbreakdown
onthebeach?
Findwordsorphrasesinthetextwhichmatchthese
definitions.
1 discoverunexpectedly(paragraph1)
2 asksomebodytocometoyou(paragraph1)
stronglyrecommend(paragraph2)
a stateofgreatactivityandstrongemotionthatisoften
violent(paragraph3)
5 waitingsomewheresecretly(paragraph4)
6 showthatsomethingisnottrue(paragraph4)
gotsmaller(paragraph6)
follows(paragraph5)
a cruelandviolentperson(paragraph7)
3
4
7
8
9MatchsentencesA-Hwithgaps1-7 inthearticle.Thereis
onesentenceyoudon'tneed.
A Theotherboysstartsobbingtoo.
B Ralphcallsthegrouptogetherandgivesa speech
intendedto restoredisciptine.
C Hispresencebringsthechildren'sfightingtoan
abrupthalt.
D Jack,ontheotherhand,exploitstheirfearandlures
themoverto hissidewiththepromiseofprotectionfrom
thebeast.
E Onceassembted,theboys,allwell-to-dosonsof
aristocraticfamilies,setaboutelectingthemselves
a leader.
F Theboysfinda pig,whichJackpreparesto slaughterbut
can'tfindthecouragetostabit.
G EvenRalphandPiggyhavejoinedin.
H lthasbeenplacedthereearlierbyJackandhishunters
asanofferingtothebeast.
Readthearticte.Answerthequestions.
1 Whywastheaeroplanethatcrashedfutlofyoungboys?
2 OnwhatbasisisRalphelectedleader?
3 Whataretheyoungerboysafraidof?
4 HowdoesJackpersuadetheboystojoinhistribe?
Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthe
wordsinthebox.
Shehadagreatholidaydespitetherather-
weather.
Thedoghasa- barkbuthe'sperfectlyfriendty.
Theyoungchildsittinginfrontofmeonthebus
- throughouttheentirejourney
We- upthehittonourhandsandknees.
Ithinkitwasrather- ofhertoputthephone
downonmelikethat.
Hereyemake-upwas- intherain.
Myeyelidstartedto- uncontrollably.
Joshisbriltiantat- otherpeople'svoicesand
accents.Heshouldbeacomedian!
LordoftheFliesisanallegoricaltale:astoryinwhich
characters,settingandplotrepresenta meaningoutside
thestoryitself.Whatdoyouthinkarethethemes
underlyingthestory?
Unit2 r Stories

15. LORD oFrHEF'I,IES
I S.t cluring the Cold War, the story of fuird ol'the Flies
takes place on an isolated tropical island. A plane evacuatinga
group of British schoolboys frorn a war zone has crashed and
it soon lrccornes evident that there iue no adult sun'ivors. Two
ol'thc boys, Ralph and Piggy,stumble upon a conch shell and
Pigg' suggeststJratRalph use it asa hom to summon any other
sun'ivors rl,ho might be nearby. 1 As the holcler
ol'tlte conch, which is perceived asa syrnbol of authoriry, Ralph
is appointed to this role. Their new chiefappoints iurother older
lxrl',Jack, to lrc in chargeof the boys rvlxr u,ill hunt for Ibod lirr
tlrc entiregroup.
@ Rr. a tiure the boys revel in their adult-liee lil'e, splashing
itr the water and playing garnesuntil Ralph urges everyone
to rr'ork togedrer towards buikling a shelter and attracting dre
attentiou of passingships by creating a constant fire sigral, lit
lx'fcrcussing sunlight through Piggy'sglasses.How.ever,the fire
gctscorrstiurtlvoverlooked assome o[the boys,led byJack,
lbcus t]reir energy on hunting the wild pigs on the island.
@ Ut"" a ship passesby on the horizon one day, Ralph iurd
I'ig6n'are furious to discover that the signiil fire, which has been
Iack's and the hunters' responsibility to maintain, has burned
out. Ralph cor.rfronts.fack, but he hasjust returned q'ith his hrst
kill, ;urd all the hunters seem possessedby a strangefrenz.v,re-
enacting the chasein a kind of wild dance. Piggycriticises.fack,
n lto responds by slapping hirn acrossthe [ace.
@ ' At the rneeting, it soon becomes clear that
sorne of the younger boys are troubled by the belief that there
is sorne sort of beastlurking on the island. The children begin
to split into two separatetribes, based on the existence of the
lleast.'l'he rational Ralph attempts to disprove its existence.
3
@ Str,rtrJvafterwards, Simon, from Ralph's tribe, comes
acrossa pig's head buzzing with flies, whilst he is wandering
tlrr<>ughthe forest. 4
He begins to hallucinate
about the head, which he seesas'The l-ord of the Flies', and
believes that it is communicating with him, telling him that the
lxrvs have created the beast,and that the real beastis inside
thenr all. Simon returns to the beach to report to the others
u'hat he has seen,but finds them in the midst of a lienzied
litual f'east.5
On seeingSimon's shadowyfigure
ernerge fiorn the jungle, they attack him and kill him with
their bare hands and teeth.
lQl Ralph's tribe has now du'indleclto just hinrselt, Piggy,and
twins Sarnand Eric. They go toJack's tribal stronghold with
the dual airn of tr_vingto persuade.]ack to see reas<>nand to
retrieve Pigg-v'sglasses,which rnernbers of.fack's tribe have
stolen and without which Piggl' can't see. Hou'ever, a battle
ensues,during which a large rock is thrown by a bo1',Roger,
knocking Piggy over the cliff to his death and shattering the
conch into rnillions of pieces.Eric and Sam are kidnapped
into.fack's tribe, and Ralph is n<>wleft by himself.
E ttr the final sequenceof the book,.fack and his friend
Roger lead the tribe on a hunt for Ralph. They set the entire
island on lire in order to smoke hirn out of his hiding place,
which attractsthe attention of a nearby wzrship, Driven out of
the hrning forest onto the beach, Ralph is on tJrepoint of being
attacked by the savageswhen a British naval offrcer appears.
E
5
Stunned by the savageand bloorlthirsty
spectacle,the officer asksRalph to explain. Overwhelmed by
the loss of Piggy,Sirnon, and of his own innocence, he breaks
down and cries.
E
7
The officer hrrns his back so that they
may regain their composure. In the hnal line of the book, the
ofticer looks out to seaat his 'trim cruiser in the distance', an
ironic reminder that while the boys may have been savedfrom
savageryby the adults, the world is still at war.

16. -
@
Narrativetenses
1 Namethetensesin italicsin 1-5 below.
7
2
3
4
5
6
I had beenreodingfor hours...
I reada chapterof mybook...
I wasreadinga book ...
I wosgoing to stoy in and read...
I had atreadyreadthe book...
I usedtoreadavidly...
Matchsentencebeginnings1-6 in exercise1 with
endingsa-f.
a I whenIwokeup.
b !whenlwasyounger.
c f, UutI decidedtogoout.
d ! somyeyeswerehurting.
e f tnistimeyesterdayevening.
f ! tneteacherrecommended.
Choosethecorrectoption.
1 WhenSamandJessiedecidedtogetengagedtheyhad
onlyseen/ beenseeingeachotherforsixmonths.
2 ,|ohnwastogo/ havegoneskiingonSaturdaybuthe
brokehislegandhadtopullout.
3 Thefoodshewasmakingwaslooking/ lookeddelicious.
4 Thecarbatterywasdeadbecausemydadhadforgotten
/ beenforgettingtoturnofftheheadtights.
5 Hetook/ wastakingthedogforawalkwhenhebumped
intoCharlotte.
6 WhenI arrivedhomemysisterwassittingoutside.
Shehadwaited/ beenwaitingthereforoveranhour
becauseshehadforgotten/ beenforgettingherkeys.
Findtenerrorsintheuseofnarrativetensesinthefabte
andcorrectthem.
Thewolfinsheep'sclothing
Therewasoncea wolfwho usedto wanderouteverynight
in searchof a lambforhisdinner.Butrecentlythiswolf
hasbeenhavingdifficuttygettingenoughto eatbecause
the shepherdsin the areawereparticularlyvigilant.One
dayhewascomingacrossa sheep'sfleecewhicha sheep
shearerhadbeenthrowingonthefloorandforgotten.
It hadgiventhewolfa cunningidea.Hedecidedthatlater
he isgoingto putonthefleece.Thusdisguisedhewould
beableto sneakup onthesheepwithouttheshepherd
noticinghim.Sothatevening,iustasthesunhadbeen
settinghewentoutin hisnewdisguise.Hewasstrolling
confidentlyintoa fieldwheresomesheepgrazed.
Hehadspotteda juicy-tookinglambandwaslustgoingto
pounceon it,whena shepherd,who lookedfora sheep
to slaughterforhisowndinner,quicklywasgrabbingthe
wotf,thinkingit wasa sheep,andkitledit.
5 Writea moralforthefable.
Orderthesentencestocompletetheoutlineoftheancient
GreeklegendofKingMidasandtheoss'sears.
! a HeawardedtheprizetoPan.
! U Oeepinthecountryheduga holeandwhisperedthe
secretintoit.
I c KingMidaswasaskedtojudgea musiccontest
betweenPanandApollo.
! a miOasworea purpleturbantohidehisshame.
! e Thegossipybarberfounditimpossibtetokeepthesecret.
I f Ontyhisbarberknewtheterriblesecret.
! g Apotlopunishedhimbygivinghimtheearsofanass.
! tr Hecovereduptheholeandreturnedhome.
! i Withtheirrustlingleavestheywhisperedthesecret:
'Midashasass'sears.'
tr i Thefoltowingspring,reedsandgrassessprangup
fromthehole.
Usetheoutlineinexercise6 towritethemyth.Usea
varietyofnarrativetensesandmakeanynecessary
changestothesentences.BeginTherewasonceo ...
I can we a varLef
of narcatLvetewes.
6
4
7
Unit2 . Stories
{c r;.,.,

17. Photocomparison
cancampare,coErast
and reactto photor.
1 Completethe sentenceswith the correctformof the verbs 4
in the box.
get trangGii.''ltftittga.skiir sleep"',rt;i1i::l'r'
1 Shewassusoendedfor- school.
2 Thefreezingcoldweatherbeganto --- himdown
aftera while.
3 | gotreallyboredjust- aroundat homewith
nothingto do.
4 Miriam outaftera massiverowwith,|ack.
5 Didhe leavehisjoborwashe-out?
5 Shefoundit hardto hersmokinghabitbut
managedto giveup in theend.
7 Therearea lotof homelesspeople roughin
thatpartof thecity.
8 Heusedto- outwithp.opi. whowereintodrugs.
Lookat photosA andB.Continuethe sentencesto describe
the mainsimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthem.
1 Thephotosaresimilarin that
2 Themostobviousdifferencebetweenthe photosisthat
3 Also,in thefirstpicture,
whereasin theother
3 C)or Listenandcompareyourideaswiththeonesyou
hear.
Makenotesto answerthe questionsaboutthe firstphoto.
Whatadjectivesdescribehowthe manmightbefeeling?
Whatchatlengesdoyouthinkheisfacing?
Whatcircumstancesdovouthinktedto thissituation?
floa tistento the secondpartofthe description.How
manyof yourideasarementioned?
() O+ Completethe speculativephrasesfromthe
description.Youcanusemorethanonewordin a gap.
Thenlistenagainandcheck.
1 Themanin thefirstphoto havea huge
amountof tuggage...
2 | heis planningto stayfora longtime.
3 He bewildered...
4 lt feellonely...
5 He's feelinganxious...
6 | he missinghisfamilytoo.
7 | if he hasemigratedbecause...
8 Orhe bean economicmigrant...
Writeaboutthe secondphoto.Usethe headingsin exercise
4 to structureyourdescription.Usethe languagefor
speculatingfromexercise5.
6
A
Unit2. Stories

18. Review
I cqvL
a book
wrtte
revLew.
Preparation
1 Completethereviewwiththewordsinthebox.
Oneofmy1 favouritebooksisAtonement,by
the2 Britishnovelist,lanMcEwan.ltisquitea
complexnovel,whichis3 intothreepartsand
toldfromdifferentcharacters'perspectives.
Thea beginsinEnglandinthesummerof
1935,whena precocious,upper-classthirteen-year-otd
girt,Briony,witnessesa sceneinthegarden5
heroldersister,Ceciliaanda childhoodfriend,Robbie.
Hernaivetyandoveractiveimaginationleadherto
misinterpretwhatsheseesandaccuseRobbieofa crime
hedidn'tcommit,anaccusationwhichhasdramatic
o forCecitiaandRobbieandwhichBriony
mustspendtherestofherlifehavingtoatonefor.
Thebook's7 liein itsexceptionallywett-
observeddepictionofcharactersandevents,particularly
thedescriptionsofwarscenesinthesecondsectionof
thenove[,whereRobbie,nowa soldierinWorldWarll,is
desperatelytryingto reachDunkirk.Theauthor's
8 to builduptensionisabsotutelysuperband
thebookisa realpage-turnerate . Aswe[[
asbeingwell-crafted,it isalsothought-provokingin its
explorationoftopicssuchasguiltandforgiveness,andthe
futilityofwar.Withoutspoilingtheptot,I havetosaythat
myontyreservationaboutthebookisits10
which,in myview,leavesthereaderfeetingstightly
cheated.However,thisismorethancompensatedforby
whatisotherwiseafantasticread.
Atonementisnota bookforthosewholovefast-moving
plots,butfor11 ofdetailedandwetl-observed
prose,I wouldthoroughty12 it.
2 Lookatthemodifyingadverbsfromthereview.Replace
themwiththesynonymsinthebox..
7
2
3
4
5
quitea complexnovel
exceptionaItywell-observed
absolutetysuperb
stightlycheated
thoroughlyrecommend
Findwordsinthereviewwhichmatchthedefinitions.
1 pointsofview
2 actinawaythatshowsregretforwhatyouhavedone
3 recognisablefromreallife
4 averyexcitingbook
5 oointlessness
4 Writea reviewofa bookyouhavereadrecently.
WritingGuide
Paragraph1
Givethenameofthebookandanybackgroundinformation.
Paragraph2
Givea briefoutlineofthestoryandthecharacters.
Paragraph3
Describethestrengthsandweaknessesofthebook.
Paragraph4
Saywhetheryouwouldrecommendthebookandtowhom.
I . followedtheparagraphptan?
i . inctudedsomerfrodifyingadverbs?
i
. written2OO-250words?
' .h..k.d yourworkformistakes?
Unit2 r Stories

19. Readthearticlebelow.Completethetextbymatchingthe
sentences(A-G)thatbestfitthegapsinthetext(1-5).
Thereisonesentencewhichyoudonotneedtouse.
tatinginsects?
Eatinginsectsmighthetpfighthungerandpromote
:iodiversity,butonlyifWesternerscangetoverthe'yuck'
ractor.Althoughpeopleworldwidehaveenioyedeating
insectssinceancienttimes,theirnutritionalvalueisoften
cvertookedbythe modernWesternworld.1
Anestimated2,000insectspeciesareconsumedaround
:heworld,andpeopledo notjusteatinsects,theyretish
:hemasdelicacies.2- Grasshoppersandbeelarvae
seasonedwithsoysaucearea favouriteinJapanandin
DapuaNewGuineasagogrubs,beetlelarvaethatinhabit
3eadsagopalmtrees,arehonouredat annualfestivats.
' Plustheyhavea higherenergyvaluethanmanyother
'oodstuffs.Accordingto a 2004UnitedNationsFoodand
AgricultureOrganisationrepoft,caterpillarsof manyspecies
arerichin mineralsaswelIasB-vitamins.InsomeAfrican
'egions,childrenfightmalnutritionbyeatingflourmadeout
cfdriedcateroillars.
- Dramaticincreasesin farmingyieldsachieved
:hroughtheGreenRevolutionofthe 1940sand1970s
relpedto fittbetliesin developingcountries,butthese
:ropsalonedid notprovidea fullcomplementof nutrients.
Additionalty,biltionsof dollarsarespentworldwideto
3rotectnutritionatlyinferiorcropswithchemicalsthatkitt
rerfectlyedibleinsect'pests'.
-herearenofewerthan34 reasonsto exploreinsectsasa
roodsource,includingtheirimpressivenutritionalvalue,
easeof breedingin captivityandhighbiomass.Indeed,
someresearchersproposeenrichingconsumerfoodswith
rsectflourto makethemmorenutritious.
' In north-easternIndia,forexample,ediblesilkworm
oupaeareprizedmorethanthesitktheyproduce,and
someMexicanrestaurantschargea hefty$25fora plate
cf butterflylarvae.Chineseconsumersspendabout$100
n illionperyearonedibleantsalone.
Theavailabilityof high-qualityedibleinsectsiscloselytied
:o intactforests.Withouttreesandfoliageto munch,insect
copulationsplummet,sotriggeringinterestin preserving
insectsasfoodsourcesmightbeonewayto protect
sivathesof forestsandthe biodiversitywithinthem.
' Butwisemanagementof naturalresourcescould
achievetwovitalgoals:raisinglivingstandardsand
:onservingbiodiversity.
A Yetnutritionallyimportanttraditionalfoodssuchas
insectshavebeenandcontinueto beignoredby
agriculturaI aid efforts.
B In somecultures,edibleinsectsareconsidereda hot
commodity.
C InAfrica,caterpillarsandwingedtermitesarefriedand
eatenasroadsidesnacks(afterwings,legsandbristles
areremoved),andareoftenconsideredtastierthanmeat.
D Cteartythereisa linkbetweenenvironmentaIprotection
andimorovednutrition.
E Insectsoftencontainmoreprotein,fatandcarbohydrates
thanequalamountsof beeforfish.
F AndbecauseWesterntastesareso globattyinfluential,
peopleelsewheremaybeginto shuninsectsasan
importantfoodsource.
G In manyregionswhereforestdegradationis acute,
residentsaretoo preoccupiedwithday-to-daysurvival
to considertheluxuryof protectingtheenvironment.
Completethe paragraphwith the correctwordsa-d.
Iwasleavingtheclassroomandfeelingverytired.Thetime
was2:36p.m.andschool1 . I wasreallyeagerto leave
thecampus:first,becauseI wasn'tveryhappyaboutbeing
at schooland,second,mymumhadsaidshe2 . I had
triedto protest,but3 vain.Sheo on drivingme
home.I knewshewouldcomeinthemostterriblevan
t
, andI didn'twantanyoneto seeit.ButI wastoo
late.WhenI cameoutof school,shewasalreadythere.Of
course,beingthegreatmothersheis,shehadparkedthe
vanin frontofthe schoolwhereit could6 byeveryone.
So,embarrassed,I decidedtheonly7-- ofactionwasto
getintothevanasquicktyaspossible.I openedthesliding
door,butit didnotstop.ltiustkeptonstidingandintheend
,itfetloffitshingesaltogetherandclunkedontotheground.
I wished| 8-- invisible.Instead,I hadto goto the
woodworkroomandaskfora screwdriverto fixit.What
e
- ifyouhadbeenin myplace?Tothisveryday,this
story10 mewhenI steep.
1 a wouldhaveiustended 3 a
b was.justended b
c hadiustended c
d hasjustended d
2 a wittpickmeup 4 a
b woutdpickmeup b
c picksmeup c
d pickedmeup d
Dy
tn
of
to
promised
insisted
wanted
agreed
Getreadyforyourexam1

20. 16)05 Readthetask.Youwitlheararecordingaboutthe
developmentofwriting.Choosethebestanswera,b,cord
accordingtowhatyouhear.
1 lnthebeginning,writingwas
a inventedmainlyforagriculturalpurposes.
b onlyfoundinSyria.
c rarebecausethetokenshadto bedecorated.
d difficuttbecausetheclaywaslumpy.
2 Accordingtotherecording
a theSemiticalphabetconsistedofbothlettersand
numbers.
b thePhoeniciansystemdidn'tcoverallthesoundsin
thelanguage.
c theLatinandCyrillicalphabetsarenotretatedtoone
another.
d thefirstalphabetthatweknowofisabout3.000
yearsold.
3 TheCyritticatphabet
a baseditsappearanceonLatinsymbols.
b consistedonlyofsymbotsforconsonants.
c isdescendedfromtheGreekalohabet.
d wastheofficialatphabetofByzantium.
4 TheearlyRomanscript
a quiteclearlyresembledhandwriting.
b distinguishedbetweensmallandcapitalletters.
c wasintroducedbyAtdusManutius.
d wasdesignedto beeasiertowriteonhardsurfaces.
aoaaooaaaoaaooooaaaaao
i Pnrmnmroil:Writing
Chooseoneofthewritingtasksbelowandwrite200-250
words.
1 Thereisa competitioninyourschootmagazineand
thewinningentrywillbepubtished.Youareinvitedto
describeanimportanteventthathappenedduringyour
childhoodandexplainhowit influencedyour[aterlife.
Inyourarticle,youshould:
. includeatitle
. explainwhattheeventwas
. explaintheinfluenceit hadonyourlaterlife.
2 Writea reviewofa filmwhichwasanunsuccessful
adaptationofawell-knownbook.Inyourreview,you
should:
. inctudeinformationaboutthetitleandmainactors
o outlinetheplot
. saywhyyoudidn'ttikethefitm.
aaaaaaooooaaoaaaaaaoao
3 lnrmmnoil: Speaking
Part2 - Sustainedlongturn
Lookatthesetwopicturesinordertocompareand
contrastthem.
Theseideasmayhelpyou:
. modernandold-fashionedcartoons
. cartoonsforchildrenandadults
. theappealofcomicbooksforadults
Part4-Roleplay
Workinpairsandrole-playthefollowingsituation.
RoleA:YouareB'schild.Youarea student.You
arefinishingsecondaryschoolandyouhavebeen
acceptedata'universityin Britain.Nowyouneed
to decidewhetheryouwanttostayinuniversity
accommodationorwitha family.Discusstheoptions
withyourparentandtryto reachanagreement.
RoleB:YouareA'sparent.He/Sheisfinishing
secondaryschoolandhasbeenaccepted
ata universityin Britain.Nows/heneedsto
decidewhethers/hewantsto stayinuniversity
accommodationorwithafamily.Discusstheoptions
withyourchildandtryto reachanagreement.
Youmayusetheseideas:
a imaginary
b imagined
c imaginative
d imaginable
a beseeing
b see
c havebeenseen
d beseen
a line
b case
c class
d course
a canbe
b hadbeen
cam
d was
a doyoudo
b witlyoudo
c wouldyoudo
d wouldyouhavedone
a reminds
b recalls
c haunts
d dreams
10
. cost
. thingstodo
o culturaldifferences
. freedom
. language
o commuting
RoleAstartstheconversation.Whenyouhavefinished,
changerolesandpractiseagain.
UsetheFunctionsBankonpage103to helpyou.
UsetheWritingBankonpage107to helpyou.
Getreadyforyourexam1

21. 'l{w,*
B
an honest
a blazing
a Keen
ctose
a Iasting
3 Comptetethesentenceswith
I cantaLkaboutdffireW
ktndsof relattowLtLps.
Relationships
Readthesentencesandcompletethepuzzlewithaverbor
adiective.
'1
z
Hedoesn'tfindit easyto closerelationships.
(across)Couldyouhelpmewiththishomework?|
promiseto - thefavoursometimel
(down)Didtheymanageto theirdispute?
Somebodyneedsto controlof thesituation.
Thecompanysuffereda - setbacklastyear.
Pupilsweregivenan opportunityto their
opinionsaboutthe newtimetab[9.
Tofuttyappreciatethesong,youhaveto pay
attentionto the lyrics.
She'snotafraidto -, hermind.
z
3
4
q
CombinewordsfromA, B andCto formverb+ adjective
+ nouncollocations.
fromexercise2.
1 Justgiveme . I won'tbeoffended.
2 WhenI walkedin theywerehaving
3
4
I ontymetheroncebutshemade
Wemetat primaryschoolandwe
eversince.
5 Heshowed intheplayIwasperformingin.
],.,,]:,,,,,:i:,,r,]],,CXAtimGil
Correcttheerrorsinthewordsinbold.
1 Thatrypresentergetsonmynerve.
2 We'tlhavetocallthepoticeifthingsgetoutofourhands.
''3 Theyweresittingsidetosideona parkbench.
4 Wehavea mutuallysupportingrelationship.
I triedto givehim someconstructiveadvicebut hesawit
the wrongway.
5 | lovebeingan actor.lt'sa greatwayto makea life.
on me.
haveremained
--t,^td Nc
remaln
nave
show
grve
c
impression
friends
answer
row
interest
adjective+ nouncollocations
Makethesentencesmoregraphicbyreplacingthe
wordsinbold.Thefirstletterhasbeengiven.
1 | droppedmycameraina puddleanditgotverywet.
S
2 | triedtowakehimupbuthewasdeeptyasleep.
f_
3 Therewasnota starinthesky.ltwastotallyblack.
o
4 | burnedmytongueonthesoupbecauseitwas
extremelyhot.b
5 Mygrandfather'sninety-fiveandreallyfit!
6 | don'tfeeIreadytogotobedyet.I'mstillverymuch
AWAKC.W
7 TheproblemwithBenis hehardlydoesanywork-
he'sincrediblyidte.b
8 | can'tbelievethesesunglasseshavebrokenalready.
They'recompletelynew.b
Unit3 . Partners

22. I cavLducws the rnzouivg
and Lvnportaweoffrtendshtp.
1 O,oa Listentofourpeopledescribingafriend.Which
categoryoffriendshipdoeseachonefallinto?Choosefrom
thewordsinthebox.
1 Jordan
2 Ruth
3 Jacob
4 Gitt
2 $OS tistenagainandcompletetheseexcerptsfromthe
e
t
Withfororsince,describinghowlonganactionhasbeen
in progress
Withfororsince,whentheverbisnotcommonlyusedin
thecontinuousform
Describinga recentactionwhichisnowcomplete
Describinga recentactionwhichisongoing
5 Completethee-mailwiththepresentperfectorpresent
continuousformoftheverbin brackets.
descriptions.
1 Sherealty
2 She'stheonethatI'llalways
allthat.
ofneed.
3 Sheknowsshe
4 Hewouldhelome duringthistime.
5 | canalwaysrelyonher
Rewritethesentencesusingthewordsin brackets.Youmay
needto changetheformofthewordinbrackets.
1 TimandFionahavehadsomegoodtimesandbad
times.(ups)
2 Jennaknowseverythingaboutme.(inside)
SteveandJesshavehadanargumentandaren't
speakingtoeachother.(falD
MattandI havefaceda lotofdifficultsituationstogether.
Go)
5 BeckyandI havebeenfriendsforeightyearsorso.(back)
6 I'veconfidedin hera lotovertheyears.(open)
Underlinetheperfectstructuresinsentences1-6.Thenmatch
eachsentencewithusesa-f.
1 I'vejusteatenawholechillil
2 He'sdrivenvansbefore.
3 She'shadavirusforthelastfewdays.
4 I'vebeenwaitingoveranhourfora bus.I'mgoingtowalk.
5 I'vebeenrevisingforthelasttwohours.
6 He'sbeenspendingmoretimewithhisfamilylately.
a Describingsomethingwhichhasbeenhappening
repeatedlyintheveryrecentpast
b Describingsomethingwhichhashappenedonseveral
occasionsandmayhappenagain
tn prUfuRcplyAtlcf,rorvaro. * I I 1A'
HiSophia,
| 1- (try)to ringyoubut| 2- (notbe)
abletogetthroughsoIthoughtI'de-mailinstead.I
r-
Get)mysetfintoa slightlytrickysituation
andIwashopingthatI couldturntoyoufora bitof
advice.
| 4- (share)myflatwithagirlcalledHannah.
Basically,she'safriendofafriendofmyboss's.She
s-only recently (arrive)inLondon
soI offeredto letherstaywithmeforashorttimejust
whileshefindsherownaccommodation.Wetl,she
6-(stay) hereforovera monthnowandshe
7
- (notshow)anysignsofmovingout!She's
reallyfriendlyandeasytogetonwith,butshejust
8- (notshow)muchinitiativewhenit comesto
findingsomewhereto live.
Theotherthingisthatshehardlyeverleavestheflatso
shee- (notmade)manyfriends,whichmeans
thatshe (hang)outwithmeandmyfriends
a [ot.That'sallverywellbutasa resu]t|11-
(have)verylittle'qualitytime'withmyfriendsrecently.
You'reprobablywonderingwhy|12- (not
kick)herout,butsheisafriendofmyboss'ssothat
compromisesmeslightly.You'realwayssodiplomatic
inthesesituations.WhatdoyouthinkI shoulddo?
Speaksoon!
Phoebe
Unit3oPartners

23. t
1 Completethesentenceswiththewordsinthebox.
7 87o/oofwomencontributefinanciallytowardstheir
Weddingsusuallyconsistofa- followedby
a_.
Couplesareoptingincreasinglyfornon-traditional
Aboutfivepercentofpeoplegetmarriedina
- office.
Womenare- tosacrificespendingon
weddingcakestohaveamoree{pensivewedding
dress.
Couplesarewaitinglongerbeforetyingthe
39%ofcoupleshavea- wedding.
Tenpercentof- helppayfortheir
- ring.
Readthefirsttwoparagraphsofthetext.Whatisa 'hag
night'?Whyisit calledthat?
Completethetextwithappropriatewords.
Arethesesentencestrueorfalse?WriteTorF.
1 Stagandhennightstakeplaceovera longerperiodthan
theyusedto.-
2 Hagnightsarepopularwithyoungercouples.-
3 Mostofthepeopleinterviewedhadbeentoa hagparty.
Itissuggestedthathagnightsarepopularasthebride-
to-bedoesn'twantto beseparatedfromthegroom.-
Hagweekendsarelessactivethanstagweekends.-
Thepublichasbecomeaccustomedtothebehaviourof
stagandhengroups.-
I cawexpressrwy
opLwowowrnarrLage.
MarriageintheUK
Pre-wedding
celebrations
ln Britainthereis a
long-heldtraditionfor
coupleswhoareabout
1- getmarriedto
celebratetheirlastfew
days2 being
singlewithahennightforthebride-to-beandherfemale
friends,andastagnightforthegroomandhisfriends.
Oftencharacterised3- raucousbehaviour,these
pre-weddingcetebrationshavedevelopedintoafull
weekendofrevelry,withmanygroupsheadingto European
destinationsa- Amsterdam,PragueandBarcelona.
However,inthelastyearanda halftherehasbeena
growingtrendaway5- thesesingle-sexevents.With
theexceptionoftheyoungestcouples,manyarenow
optingformixedoutingstowhichfriendsofboththebride
andgroomareinvited.
5- toa recentsurveyof4,000youngBritishadults,
aquarterofpeopleintheirthirtieshavealreadybeentoa
iointparty.Mostofthosewhohadattendedthemclaimed
topreferthe'hagnight',astheseeventshavebecome
known,7
-the traditionalstagandhennights.Venue
ownersalsowelcomethetrend.Recently,citiessuchas
DublinandEdinburghhavepointedthefingerattraditional
stagandhennightsforasignificantescalationinthe
incidencesoffightingandvandalismintheircitycentres.
CarryMarlowofRedtownLeisure,acompany8-
organisespre-nuptialentertainment,explainsthatonhag
nightstheemphasisisonfriendshipratherthanexcess.
Shebelievesthatthenewtrendhasbeenbroughtabout
e
- anincreaseintheaverageageofmarriage.Asa
result,manyofthecoupte'sfriendsarealreadyinlong-
termrelationshipswithpartnerswhoareequallykeento
joininthecelebrations.Ahagweekendisa10- more
velaxingaffairthanthetraditionalstagweekend.During
thedaythemenmighttakeina roundofgolf11- the
womengoofftoindulgeinsomepamperingata health
spabeforeeverybodymeetsupagainintheeveningtogo
toa restaurantoraclub.
Thisshifttowardscelebrationsthatintegratethesexes
shoutdalsocome12- awelcomereliefforthegeneral
publicwhoarebecomingeverlesstolerantoftherowdy
stag-andhen-nightcrowds,identifiabteamileoffbytheir
matchingoutfits,badgesandwigs,thatinvadetheirtowns
everyweekend.
7
8
3
I
5
5
Unit3 ePartners

25. Whatthggdidfor lov9,...Twotrug,lovgstorigs
He posteda plea Hepuzzledher
por Patrick Moberg, 21, it was love at first sight when he
I exchangedglanceswith a pretty woman while taking the
subwayto Brooklyn one Sundayevening.Taking a deepbreath,
he plucked up his courageand headedher way. Justthen the
train pulled into a station.The doorsopened,a rush of humanity
srvarmedin, andthen suddenly,shewas gone.
He consideredgiving chase,but there'sa fine line betweenblind
love and stalking.He thought
of plasteringthe stationwith
posters.Then a brainstorm:
the Internet.'It seemedless
encroaching,'hesays.'I didn't
ant to punctureher comfort
zone.'
That night, he setup a website:
n1girlofmydreams.com.On it,
Patrickdeclared,'I Saw the Girl
of My Dreamson the Subway
Tonight.'He drew a picture of
the girl, along with a portrait
of himselfwith thisdisclaimer
pointedat his head:'Not insane.'
The websitespreadvirally, and
soonhe had lots of leads.Some
s-erecranks,and somewere
omen offering themselvesin
!-asehe failed in his mission.
Then he got an e-mail from
someoneclaiming to know the
girl. He even supplieda photo.It
s asher.Shewas anAustralian
interningat a magazine,and
her namewas Camille.And she
$'anted to meet too.
Their first meetingwas awkward. It was set upby Good Morning
Arnerica. Like the rest of the media, GMA saw a great love
story andpounced.But being suckedinto a mediamaelstrom
isn't necessarilyconduciveto a nascentlove affair. 'We were
uncertainhow to act aroundeachother,'Patrick said.And in the
back of Camille's mind, a naggingthought:Who is this guy?
The media circuseventuallymoved on, giving the two a chance
to talk in private.
'Everything I found out abouther was anotherwonderful thing,'
saysPatrick.Shewas smart,funny and a big personality,a nice
fit for this shy guy. 'And,'he continuesquietly, 'we've been
hangingout togetherevery day since.'
"-flric
Egmontknew he hadto calm down or he would blow it.
I f If he didn't relax,he was sureto clue his girlfriend,Jennie,
into the fact that this was no ordinary SundayBoston Globe
newspaper.This was his marriage proposal.
The two, both29, had datedfor four yearsand never seriously
discussedmarriage.Why messup a goodthing?went thethinking.
But Aric hadsecondthoughts.And sincethey werefanatics,he
says,proposingvia the boxesof
a crosswordpuzzle'was a more
natural idea than it might seemto
others.'
So lastJunehe contactedthe
Globe andtold them about
his idea.They bit. Aric fed
Globe pttzzlewriters personal
information to be turned into
clues,thenhe waited...for four
torturous months.
On the morning of September23,
having not slept the entire night
before,Aric nonchalantly asked
Jennie,'Want to do thecrossword
puzzle?'He bolteddownstairs,
grabbedthe paper,then ran up
to their bedroom. Climbing back
into bed, the two assumedtheir
normalpuzzle-solvingpose,with
Jennieleaningagainsthim. Almost
immediately, shewas struck by the
numberof cluesthatmatchedup
with people and placesin her life.
For example,twenty acrossasked:
'Lover of Theseus.'The answer
wasAriadne, which also happened
to b_ethe nameof a good friend of Jennie's.Ninety-one across:
'NASCAR racingcar driverAlmirola,'whose first nameis Aric.
Aric beganscanningaheadto where the big clue was. 'I knew
themomentwascoming,'he said.And thereit was.Onehundred
elevenacross:'Genericproposal.'Cleveqhe thought,a wordplay
on JenandAric.
'Look at that,'saidAric. 'Will you marry me, Jennie?'Hewaited
for a reaction. He didn't get one. Jennieis a smartperson,smart
enoughto know all aboutGreek mythology, but this was
information overload. SoAric produced a ring and asked'Will
you marry me, Jennie?'After tearsand shrieksand lots of 'I love
you's,'Jenniesaidyes.'I'm not themostromanticperson,'admits
Aric. 'I think I wasplaying abovemy headon this one.'
T SrwrneGtPtoF rql DBEAI6
TS tAE sutWAYToNlcrHT+
ol $lu#-
uuLiJ tL@!'"h
{lr|F J r***-i

26. Verbpatterns
1 Writetheseverbsandverbalphrasesinthecorrectplacein
thetable.
Lookattheverbsincolumnthree.Underlinethosewhose
meaningchangesdependingontheformthatfollowsit.
Completethetextwiththeinfinitive,baseform(infinitive
withoutfo),pastparticipleor-ingformoftheverbsin
brackets.
I cqwwe a varLef
of verb patterw.
4 Rewritethesentencesusingtheverbsinbracketsinthe
correctform.
1 Shedoesn'tsmokeanymore.(giveup)
2 DoyouknowKaren'se-mail,byanychance?(happen)
3 Hedidn'tbreaktheworldrecord.(fail)
4 | thinkfie'sfeelingbetter.(seem)
He
5 | don'tthinkthey'ttarrivebeforemidnight.(anticipate)
6 lt lookstiketheroofwasdamagedinthestorm.(appear)
Theroof
7 Heshouldn'tbeallowedtogetawaywithit.(tet)
We
8 SomebodystoleMike'swalletyesterday.(have)
Mike
5 Completethesentenceswithasuitableverbinthecorrect
activeorpassiveform.
1 |tried itoffandonbutI stillcouldn'tgetthe
printertowork.
2 Shedoesn'tappreciate whattodo.She
prefersdoingthingsherownway.
3 Ohno!|thinkthishomeworkwasmeant- in
2
verbsfollowedby
-ingform
verbsfollowedby
infinitive
verbsfollowedby
either
Oneofthemostfamousfictional
duosinhistoryisthedetective
SherlockHotmesandhis
assistantDrWatson.
Theymadea perfect
partnership.ltwas
. Watson'smedical
knowledgethatoften
allowedthe great
detective
1- (come)to
someof hislogical
conclusions.Watson
occasionallytried
2- (solve)crimes
himselfbutfailed
3- (do)so since
helackedHolmes'
acutepowers
ofobservation
anddeductive
reasoning.
ThecharacterswerecreatedbyArthurConanDoylewhohad
originaltychosen4 ' (become)adoctor.Hedidn'tmanage
s- (attract)manyclients,sousedtospendmanyhours
in hisemptysurgery6- (create)thecharactersthatwere
soontobecomesopopularthatthepublicrefused7-
(betieve)theyweren'trealpeopte.Lettersaddressedto
'SherlockHolmes,ConsultingDetective'arriveddailyattheir
fictionaIaddressinBakerStreetandScotlandYard,asking
him8- (takeon)realcases.Eventua[ty,Doylebecame
fedupwithe-(write) aboutHolmessohedecided
10- (have)himtt- (kill)offinoneofthestories.
ThepublicwereoutragedandeventuallyDoytewas
persuaded12- (bring)himbacktolife.
Hewenton13- (write)morebooksincludingthefamous
HoundoftheBoskervilles.
yesterday.
4 Hepretendednot- meandwalkstraightpast.
5 | remembet- toeatliverwhenIwasyounger
eventhoughI hatedit.
Unit3 r Partners

27. Negotiation
can ducws stggestLonsand
nryottatea covLrseof actLon.
Completethedescriptionsoftheweddingvenuesusingthe
:orrectformofthewordsinbrackets.Whichvenueappeals
:ovoumost?
-: GrandHotel,a sptendidexampte9f neo-classical
(architect)and2- (arguabte)the
.':ndest buildingin southLondon,providesa'
':rn)
locationforyourweddingandreception.
-e RiversideHotelprovidesa uniqueandperfect
(set)forbothintimateandgrand-scale
.'.:ddings.ltsgardensoffer5 (spectacle)views,
-e idealbackdropforyourweddingphotos.
',iakeyourweddinga truly6 (forget)dayby
:etebratingit 135metresabovethe beautifulcityof
-ondonon boarda privatecapsuleonthe LondonEye.
vouwillexchangeyourvowsatthetop andduringthe
(descend)youandyourguestswiltbeserved
:hilledchampagne.
4
f) OZ tistentoa couplediscussingtheweddingvenues.
Whichdotheychoose?Whyweretheothertworeiected?
GrandHotelE RiversideHotelI Londonfye E
$'O7,' Rearrangethewordsto makesentencesfor
negotiating,asusedinthedialogue.Listenagainandcheck.
7 haslitlnV lquite/itlfor la lin lgoing/opinion/lot
2 canI are/thinklyoul drawbacks/thereI anyI that/of
3 isI what/ me/ location/ off/ slightty/ puts/ the
4 | / worth/ think/ one's/ consideringI thisI definitety
5 there| | | that/ around/ supposeI waysI are
5 option/ we/ on/ reject/shoutd/ reflection/ maybe/that
7 alongI thatI I'll/ with/ go
Writea paragraphoutliningtheargumentsinfavourofyour
preferredvenuefromexercise1,explainingwhatyoudon't
likeabouttheothervenues.
ryF Unit3oPartners

28. Preparation
1 Completethearticlewithwordsfromthebox.
cawv,trLteaw arttcle qbout a
popwlar towrut desttnattort.
fashionableclothesfromthelatesixteenthcenturyto
thepresentday,chosenfromthemuseLlm'scollection
of30,000originalitems.Perhapsthemostfamousitem
isa rareoutfitdating10-1660, thesilvertissue
dress.Themuseum11-host totheannual'Dress
oftheYear'contest,choseneveryyearsince1963by
leadingexpertsto recordtheimportantdevelopments
infashion.Forthosewho12- dressingup,there
area numberofreproductiongarmentswhichvisitorsare
invitedtotryon.
2 lmprovethearticlebyreplacingbasicvocabularywitha
moreelaborateequivalentfromthebox.
Makenotesabouttwovisitorattractionsinyourtown,or
thenearesttowntowhereyoulive.
Attraction1
r Introduction
. Location
o Whatvisitorscandoorsee(generat)
. Thehighlightoftheexhibition
. Practicalinformation
Attraction2
r lntroduction
o Location
r Whatvisitorscandoorsee(general)
. Themostfamousexhibit/ feature
r Practicalinformation
Useyournotesfromexercise3 towriteanarticle(200-250
words)abouttheattractions.
WritingGuide
1 Followthestructureofthemodel.
2 Trytogobeyondthebasicvocabulary.
3 Incorporateasmanywordsfromtheboxinexercise1 as
youcan.
. followedtheparagraphplaninexercise3?
. usedelaborateratherthansimplevocabulary?
. usedappropriatephrasesfordescribingplaces?
. usedthecorrectprepositions?
. checkedyourworkformistakes?
rll:l:
tl
Anarticle
ThecityofBathinthesouth-westofEngland1-
oneofthefinestexamplesofRomanremainsinEurope.
Onthissitewhichis2- withtheonlyhotwater
springsinBritain,standsa magnificenttempleand
bathingcomplexwhichdate3-to 60AD.A huge
proportionofthebathsextendsunderthemodernground
level,beneathneighbouringstreetsandsquares,so
peopleareoftensurprisedtodiscoverjusthowlargethe
siterealtyis.VisitorscanwalkwheretheRomansonce
walkedonthestonepavementsandlookatthelarge
4-of oldtreasuresrecoveredfromthesacred
springwheretheywerethrownasofferingstothegoddess
Minerva.Astone's5- fromthetrainandbus
stations,thebathsareeasilyaccessibleforthosearriving
inthecitybypubtictransport.
lf fashion
6
rsmoreyour
thenBathis
also'- tothe
MuseumofCostume.
Situatedonthelowerfloor
oftheimpressiveAssembly
Rooms,thismuseumis
8- internationa[[y
foritsinterestingcollection
ofmodernandhistorical
dress.The
9
with 150
dressedfigurestoillustrate
thechangingstylesin
roomsare
3
4
Unit3r Partners

29. Describingchange
I cavLdercrtbethz
procersof chavge.
1 Completethespidergramwiththeverbsinthebox.
Completethesentenceswiththewordsintheboxin noun
form.
1 Inorderto marryhim,sheunderwenta- to
Judaism.
2 TheHighStreethasbeenpedestrianised.lt'sa complete
_!
3 Thistermwe'regoingto bestudyingthe- from
OldtoMiddleEngtish.
4 Theyfaceda longperiodof- beforetheygot
usedtothenewmanagementteam.
5 MammaMiaisafilm- ofa musicalofthesame
name.
5 Theywillacceptthecontractontheconditionthatwe
makea fewminor-.
1 Theappointmentofa newheadteachershouldmeana
changeforthe
2 Theyconvertedtheinsideoftherestaurantbutleftthe
outside
3 Thereareplansto builda newrunwayto
airtrafficcongestion.
4. Thetwocarcompaniesmergedintooneinorderto
production.
5 Thenewwebsiteisnowupand
Choosethecorrectwordstocompletethesentences.
1 Rob'shada changeofmind/ heart.Hedoesn'twant
to movetotheUSAafterall.
2 Emmaneedstochangeherdirection/ waysif she
wantsto keepthisjob.
3 |thinkmovingschoolswasachangeforthebetter/
best.I don'thavetotravelasfarnow.
4 Thecaf6haschangedhands/ headsseveraltimesin
thelastyear.
5 | feelI needa changeofdirection/ way.Thiscourse
isn'treallyworkingout.
6 Jane'schangedhertune/ heartsincehervegetarian
days.I sawhertuckingintoa hugesteakyesterday.
7 There'sbeenachangeofplan/ arrangement.We're
meetingatJoe'scaf6,notBrown's.
8 |wasgoingto buythoseshoes,butI changedmyidea
/ mindwhenI sawhowmuchtheycost.
changeor make
somethingchange
intoa different
formorsystem
- to Catholicism/
lslam
- poundsinto
euros
changesomething
soit'ssuitable
fora different
situation
- a bookforthe
screen
eyes- to bright
light/ darkness
a changeslighttyto
makesomething
thewayyouwantit
- thevolume,the
seat
b getusedto a new
situation
- tothecold
climate
change
completelychange
theappearance
orcharacterof
somethingsothat
it is better
- yourlife
- yourhome
developgradually
fromsomething
simpleto
somethingmore
complicated
humans- from
apes
makesomething
morepureor
better
- oil/ sugar
-alaw Comptetethesentenceswiththewordsinthebox.
Unit4 oChanges

30. I cawtalk about changatthnt
Lifechanges occurat dffirent stage^rofltf".
1 Completetheblogwithawordfromthebox.
4
Whichofthewordsorphrasescannotcompletethe
sentences?Crossoutthosewhichareincorrect.
1 Teenagersare...moresensitivethanyoungerchildren.
a a gooddeal b marginaltyc easilyd a farsight
2 Teenagersare...influencedbytheirparentsasyounger
children.
a a little b notquiteas c notsoeasily d rather
3 Money'is...themostcommoncauseofarguments.
a miles b farandaway c easily d a longway
4 Beingateenageristhemostchallengingtimeinlifeby....
a a longway b anawfullot ca bit d miles
Expandthesentencesusingcomparativeorsuperlative
formsandmodifyingphrases.
1 Girls/ matureI dealI quickly/ boys
2 l/ quite/ confrontational/than/when/ a kid
3 | / quite/ self-centred/ as/when/younger
4 Mark/ tall/ in/ class/ longway
5 MyA levels/ far/ difficult/ otherexams/ taken
Completethesentencessothatthemeaningofthe
secondsentenceissimilartothefirst.Usefhe...theanda
comparativeadjectiveoradverb.
1 lfyou'relate,he'llbemoreangry.
Thc latarlouare.thcanoriorhc-llba.
2
3
4
5
6
lfI westartsoon,wecanfinishsoon.
The
lfshe'stired,shegetsmorebad-tempered.
The
lfyouworkhard,you'Ilearnmoremoney.
The
lf he'sfarfromhome,hefeelsmorehomesick.
The
lfthecomputerissophisticated,it'smorelikelytogowrong.
The
Writea paragraphaboutanaspectofyourllfethathas
changedsincechildhood.Useavarietyofcomparativeand
superlativeforms.
o tattes in clothes
o fiiends
t eatinghabits l
r opinlons
Theendof anera.o.
Welt,it'sthreedaystogobeforemy
twentiethbirthday.
I'mfindingit very difficultto cometo 1- with
the factthat that word teenogerisnot goingto
2-to me for muchlonger:Teenagerscanget
awaywith so muchwhereas'twentysomethings'are
3-to be a- more s-,Two yearsago
I wasso excitedaboutturningeighteen.I couldn'twait
to becomeindependentbut suddenlyI'vefoundmyself
getting6- more nostalgicabout my7-
childhooddayswhen nothingreallyseemedto matten
I don't feelI canspendhoursin front of the television
anymore becausethere'sa far 8- more pressure
on me to stopbeinge- andget
a part-timejob to saveup for my universityfeesnow.
Therearesomeaspectsof beinga teenagerthat I'm
definitelynot goingto missthough.I feelan 10-
lot more self-confidentandemotionally11- than
I usedto and I know I'm not 12- as13- as
I was- | certainlywon't missallthoserowsthat I used
to havewith my parentsandthe sheerla- of
not beingunderstood,I'malsoreallylookingforward
to goingto universitynext year:lt'll be the firsttime I've
livedawayfrom home andthe firsttime that l'lltruly
be leftto do my own 15-.
/-il unit4ochanges

31. Protestsongs
I cavLunderstandand
reactt0 a pratesttan4.
Completethesentenceswiththewordsinthebox.
abotishcaptivitycondemneconomicenvironmental
free performeis political significance
1 - likeBitlieHotidayweren'talways- to
singthesongstheywantedto.
2 TheAmericanCivilWarstartedbecausesome
southernstatesrefusedto- slaveryand
releaseAfrican-Americansfromtheir-.
3 TheelectionofBarackObamaasoresidentwasa
momentofgreat inthe- historyof
theUSA.
Thefirst- protestsongwascalledWoodman
sparethattree,complainingabdutthecuttingdown
oftreesforthe- benefitofthepaper-making
industry.
SalesofCDsbyUScountrymusicgroupDixieChicks
fellwhenoneofthemdecidedtospeakoutand
thelraowarataconcert.
2 neadthetextquickly,ignoringthegaps.Whatmotivated
Simonetowritethesong,MississippiGoddam,andwhat
didshesayinit?
Thewide rangeof musicaIstylesthat NinaSimoneexcelled
t
, fromctassicatpianoto jazz,soul,gospeland
pop music,makesit seemthat shecomposeda songfor
everyoccasion.Unfortunately,however,noteveryoccasion
thatshewrote2----- wasa happyone,and in 1964she
recordeda songaboutthe raciatlymotivatedmurders
3 u civitrightsworkerin Mississippiand fourblack
childrenat a churchin Atabama.
WhenNinaSimonesatdownto writeMississippiGoddam,
herprotestsongagainstthe racistattacks,shewasa woman
Completethe textwith suitablewords.
Readthe text.Answerthe questions.
1 WhatmusicaIskittsdid NinaSimonehave?
2 Whathappenedat NinaSimone'sfirstconcert?
3 Whydid NinaSimoneleavethe USA?
Cnnllsncr!
3
4
Writea paragraphaboutthelyricsofasongthatimpressed
you.Whatdoesthecomposerwriteabout?
in * thirtiesand she hadalsoexperiencedracism.
NinaSimonehad beena chitdprodigyand it was her
incredibleabitityat playingthe pianothatfirstbrought
herfaceto facewith bigotryat the tenderageof ten.On
the occasionof herdebutperformance,Nina'sproud
parentssatin the frontrowof the town hall5
-- - the
concertwasto takeplace.This,however,wasoversixty
yearsbeforethe USAwouldelectits firstAfrican-American
presidentand herparentswerenotonlyaskedto giveup
theirseatsto whitepeople" theywerealsototd
to sit at the back.YoungNinaSimonemadeit clearthat
therewouldbe no concertif herparentsweren'tgiven
backthe seatsthey7 originatlyoccupied.The
audienceteftthe hattthat eveningimpressedby Nina
Simone'stalentandhercharacter.
AlthoughNinaSimonecontinuedto standupto racism
throughouthercareer,it wasn'tuntiIthoseracistmurders
in 1,964thatshestartedto writesongsthatactually
commentedonthesituationof African-Americans.
e MississippiGoddamsherefersto the crimes
committedandthe situationofthecivilrightsmovement.
Shecriticisese ooinionofthetimethatAfrican-
AmericansshoulddemandgraduaIchangesandnotexpect
thingsto improvequickly.Shesingsabouttheslowpace
of change,suggestingthatit causesmoretragedythanif
thingschangedmorequickty.Andin a message10
-
seemsaimedat whiteAmericansshesingsthatallshe
wantsisequality.
MississippiGoddamwasthefirstof tt- protestsongs
aboutracialinequalitythatNinaSimonewouldsingduring
therestof hercareer.However,it seemsthesongswerenot
enoughandin7974, disgustedwithracism,sheleftthe
USAto live12-
-.
Unit4 oChanges

33. NATURALBORNWINNERS
EleanorSimmonds
@ I-rtceanyotlrcrfiveyearold
schoolglrl,EleanorSjmmonds
wdsnotbestpleasedatthe
ideaofnotbeingallowed
to moveupto the'next
{^/immirlo lpvpl rrrilh lrpr
classmatesEleanorsparents
tolcllrcrthatifshetrained
twrceaslrard,sherniglrtbe
ableto doit tleanoraccepted
thcchallengearrdnotonly
dlclslreimprorreherowrr
swrmmingte,cltnrque,buit
shestartedleavinghertaller
.choolfriendsin herwakeNotbadforagirlwhowasbonrwith
rclrondroplasla,amedlcalconditiontlratme'ansthatEleanorrs
iinlikelytogrowto morethan123cm
@ Eleanorsdesireto staywitlrherclassmatesrerrealedher
rrotentralto beagreatswimmeranclthefanrilymovedto Swansea
:rrWalessotlratEleanorcouldtrainintlrenrorecompetitive
.'nvironmentoftheBritishDisabilityHig,hPerformanceCentre
3eforelongElearlorwasputtingin nrnetwo-hourtrainilrgsessionsa
lr'eekbutallthehardworkstartedto payoffasslrebeganto notch
,ipvictoriesrninternationalcompetitiol'rsHowever,tlresevictories
'.raledinconlirarjsonwith hertwo Olynrpicgoldnredaltrlumphs
:t theParalymplcsin2008Thesuccesswhichsheearned1nBe;Jng
lxllredjatelyturnedEleanorintoa mediastarinBritdin,rdisjrlg
.rvarerlessandchangingalotofpeopleisattitudestowardsthe
Jrsabled
DavidWeir
@ Withtwoolderbrothers
whoweretrainingata
boxingclubit isperhalrsnot
surprlsingthatDavjclWeir
war,ltedto beasportsman
[)avic.lwashorrrwit]radefect
in hisspina)corcl,however,
andit mighthaveseemed
thatdestirryhadreserved
asedentarylifeforhim
Butthanksto hisparents,
Davldfeelsheisjustanother
menrberofthefamilyand
fromthestarthewas
:ncouragedto getoutandplaysport;ustlikehisbrothersTheonly
iorrcessionmadeto Davidisconditionwasthewideningofafew
.loorsto accommodatethewheelclrairsthatgotbrggeraslredrd
.sidefromthat,Davidwastreatedas'normal'andencouragedto get
.rnwrthhislife
@ Apartfronrtlrepracticalconstderatiol'ts,DavitiWeirhasnever
consideredhimselfdisabledandhecantunderstandtheneedto
makeadistinctionbetweenthetwogroupsHeremembersallother
disabledboyatschoolwhoseparentsnrollycoddledhimsomuch
thathewasn'tableto doanythingforhunselfThatwasn'ttheway
Dar,rdwasbroughtupancilookingatWeirspowerfularmsand
torsoitsharcito believethatanythingisbeyondhim Hesoneofthe
fewathletestlratconlpeteineverydlstancefromlO0metrestothe
marathonal'rdhedoesit exceptionallywellHesbeenvictoriousin
fourLondonmarathons,hasgainedfourParalymprcmedalsandis
tlteholderofrzariousworldrecordsfordifferentdistancesTlranksto
I)avidisrefusalto beseenasdifferent.hehashadtheconfidenceto
faceandoverconretheclrallengeofdisabilitSrAsfarashelsconcented,
it-ssocietyanditsoutdatedwayofdealingwiththedisableclthat
needstobeoverhaulecl
EsterVergeer
@ riglrtycaroldlsterVergeer
waslravutgasnnmtling
lessonwhenshefeltdizzy.
Shedragge'dherselfoutof
thepool,satdownonabenclr
andtotheconstenrationof
allthoscpresent,sucidenly
lostconsciousnessItwasthe
beglnningofanlghtnrare
thatsawherconstantlyin
hosprtal,undergolngtests
tofindthe'rootcauseofthe
problemFinally,doctorsdrscoveredthattlrcbloodcellsaroundher
spinewereweakandtheyneedc-dto olrcrateurgently.Theope'ratjoll
wouldentatlahighdegreeofrisk,huttlrerewasnoaltemativeIfthey
didn'toperateEstercouldsufferirreparablebrairrdamageAfternine
hoursofsurgerythedoctorswerepleasedwlththeoutcome,buttheir
olltimisticl'noodsoondisappearedwlrentheyrealisedthatEstcrhad
losttheuseofherlegs
@ nlthoughEsterretlrrnedhomein awhe'e'lclrair,shelnitially
thoughtit wasJustlrartoftherecoveryperiod,andthatsheclsoon
beruuningaroundwith herfriendsagainThewheelchair,however,
wasto becomeanlntegralpartofherlifeNotsurlrrisrngly,it took
Estertimeto adaptasit gyaduallydawnedonherthatherlifewould
neveFlretlresameShethenreahsedslrehadtwo options:shecould
eitherspendherlifelookingoutofthewjndoworshecouldgiveit
everythingshehadSheoptedforthelatter.
@ tt wassportthatcal11eto therescueandhelpedEsterto
changelierattjtudeto herwheelchairSportjsoftenusedto teach
wheelchajrusersmobilrtybutEsterlearntto bemorethanmobile
Shestoodoutasar1excellentsportswomanskilledatbothbasketball
andtennjs However,afterplayingfortheDutchnatlonalbasketball
team,shedecidedto focusexclusivelyontennisIt wasashrewd
movebecauseshehasbeentheworldsnumberoneplayereversrnce
andhasanimpressivehauJof Paralympicgoldmedalsprovingtlrat
shemadetherightchoicewhenshedecjdedr,rotto spendherlife
watchingtheworlcigoby.
Unit4 . Changes

35. propJedchavgesto aitoilw ce6re.
Writecompoundnounsto matchthedefinitionsof
buitdingsandfacilitiesinatown.
1 Abuildingwithseveralfloorsforparkingcarsin
2 Astreetwhereyoucanwalkbutnotdrive
3 Ashopwhichisoneofa seriesownedbythesame
company
4 Awayofenteringa placeforpeoplewitha physical
disability
5 A metalbarforattachingbicyclesto
6 Aplacewherepeoplecancrossa roadsafely
7 Astructurewithwaterflowingthroughit createdto make
a placeattractive
8 Anindoorareawithlotsofshops
9 Anareawheretrees,flowers,grass,etc.havebeen
olantedto makeit moreattractive'
Readthetextabouteco-townsandcompleteit withthe
wordsinthebox.Doyouthinktheysoundlikeagoodidea?
3 Sffi Listento fourpeoplegivingtheirviewsonthe
proposalsto buildeco-towns.Dothespeakersagree(/) or
disagree(/r)withtheidea?
Speaker1!
Speaker2!
Speaker3[
Speaker4 !
@ Listenagainandcompletethesephrases.
1 Tomy schemeslikethis...canonlybea-
inthe- direction.
2 -, Ithinkitwouldbewonderfulto live...
3 Welt,that'snot- |- it atalt.
4 Thatwouldseemlikethe - me.
5 Formea- - thewholeideaisthat...
6 lthinkthat'sa--.
7 l'm- | don't- - withthatobjection.
8 So- in-, |- agree- withthe
government'sproposals.
Doyouagreeordisagreewiththeseopinions?Use
expressionsfromexercise4 wherepossibleandgive
examplestosupportyouranswer.
1 Thereisnothinggreenabouteco-towns.
2 Modernbuildingsaresoulless.
3 Graffitiisartnotvandalism.
4 Moreroadsinthecitycentreshouldbepedestrianised.
Greenspaces,suchasparks,inurbanareasareessential
toa person'sphysicalandmentaIwell-being.
Eco-towns
TheBritishgovernmenthasrecentlyannounced
1- tocreatea numberof'Eco-towns'acrossthe
country,eachto bebuiltaccordingtostrictenvironmental
2-.The aimisthateachtownwillbecarbon
neutral.Thismeansthatanyenergytakenfromthe
nationalelectricitysupptywittbereplacedbyenergy
producedfrom3- sourceswithinthecommunity.
Eachtownshouldalsoexcelinoneareaofenvironmental
technologysuchaswastemanagementorrainwater
4-.In eachtownthefacilitieswillbe5-
watkingdistance,therebycuttingcaruseanditishoped
thatatleast30%ofthehousingwillbe6- to
peopleona lowincome.Wherepossiblethetownswill
bebuiltonpreviously7
-or'brown field'sites,
includingmilitaryandindustrialsites.
Unit4 r Changes

37. t v{4 {1fil
Readthearticlebelow.Thenforquestions1-5 choosethe
bestanswerA,B,CorDaccordingtothetext.
Helping the rnind to cope witlr
novelty and overload
In2005scientistssucceededincomparingthehuman
genomewiththatofchimps.Theirastonishingconclusion
wasthat98.77percentoftheinformationisidentical,
andthatjust1.23percentisn't.Intriguingthoughthat
is,it'shardtoimaginewhatitmeans,especiattyif,
likeme,youhadtolookup'genome'inthedictionary.
EntertheAmericansoftwaredesigner,BenFry.Hehas
devisedacharminglysimple,butaccurate,waytoexplain
thedistinction.Usingthe75,000lettersofcodingin
thegenome,hehascreateda photographicimageofa
chimp'sheadinwhichninelettersarEdepictedasred
dotstoillustratethedifferencewithhumans.
'Humansvs.Chimps'isoneof200images,objects
andconceptsinanexhibitionstartingonSundayat
theMuseumofModernArtin NewYork.Theshowis
orchestratedbyPaotaAntonelli,thecharismaticsenior
curatorofArchitectureandDesignwho,in hertwelveyears
there,hasemergedasthemostinfluentialdesigncurator
ofourtime.Ratherthanptaysafebycelebratingwhatit
nowseemsratherquainttocall'gooddesign'asmanyof
herpeersdo,Antone[[ibreaksnewgroundbyinterrogating
thechangingroleofdesignnowandinthefuture.
There'snothingnewintheideaofdesignersinterpreting
theworkofscientistsandtechnologistsfortherestof
us.They'vedonesothroughouthistory,startingwith
polymathslikeLeonardodaVinci,whocombinedaltof
thoserolesinRenaissanceltaly,andtheseventeenth-
centuryBritisharchitects-cum-scientistsRobertHooke
andChristopherWren.Throughoutthetwentiethcentury,
designerstranslatedtechnicat breakthroughsintothings
wecoulduseeveryday.Withoutthem,theInternetcould
stillbea labyrinthofindecipherablecode;and3Mwoutd
ownthepatentforatypeofgluethatisn'tquitesticky
enoughtostickpermanentlyonpaper,butwouldn'thave
inventedthePost-it.Theexhibitionalsoexploreshow
designersaretappingintofertilefieldsofscience,suchas
nanotechnology,whichcouldeventuallyenabledesigners
andarchitectstodevelopobjectsandevenbuildingsthat
canadapttochangingconditions.
Weneedftexibilitytoembracea[[thesechangesandthe
unprecedentedspeedatwhichinnovationsareemerging.
Ahugeproblemisdataoverload,andtheshowsuggests
howdesigncanhelpustocopewithit.
1 Accordingtothefirstparagraph,BenFry
A createda charmingimageofa chimp.
B didn'tfullyunderstandwhatagenomeis.
C hetpedtheauthorunderstandsoftwaredesign.
D producedagraphicrepresentationofascientificfinding.
2 'HumansvsChimos'
A isanexhibitionattheMuseumofModernArtin
NewYork.
B isbeingdisptayedatPaolaAntonelli'sshow.
C focusesonthebrainsofchimps.
D isoneofafewimagesinanexhibition.
3 PaolaAntonelli
A hasaninnovativeapproachtodesign.
B isaninfluentialarchitectinNewYork.
C hasspecialmusicaIqualifications.
D iswidetyappreciatedbyhercolleagues.
4 Whatinformationdoesthethirdparagraphprovide?
A LeonardodaVinciwasagreaterdesignerthanHooke
orWren.
B TheRenaissancewasa oeriodwhenscience-based
designdevetoped.
C Designersptayeda crucialroleintheexpansionof
thelnternet.
D WhenPost-itnoteswereinvented,theyweretoo
adhesive.
5 Inthetwentiethcentury,designers
A firstinterpretedscientificandtechnological
breakthroughsforthepublic.
B ensuredpeoplebenefitedfromtechnologicaladvances.
C beganto lookatnanotechnology.
D inventeda newtypeofglue.
Completethetextwithsuitablewords.Useonewordonly
ineachgap.
Newrolesforwomenandmeninthetwentiethcentury
TheforceschangingAmericanwomen'slivesthat1-
becomeevidentbythe1950sacceleratedinthe
followingdecades.TheCivitRightsActof 7964outlawed
discriminationnotonly2-racial minoritiesbutalso
3- thebasisofsex.Atthesametime,thewomen's
liberationmovementledtoarethinkingofgenderroles.
_Peopleofa- sexesincreasinglycametoseecareers
forwomenasanalternativetowomenasfult-time
homemakers.Bytheendofthe1980s,5-than hatf
ofwomenoversixteenwereinthelabourforce.Public
opinionbegantolookwithfavouronmen6- shared
housekeepingandchildcarewiththeirwives.Thisincluded
kitchenduties.Men7- cookingexpertisehad
8- limitedtogritlingbaconorboitinganeggbegan
totakea deepere-in cooking.Simultaneously,the
trendtowardconveniencecontinuedwiththespreadof
gadgetstikefoodprocessorsandautomaticdishwashers,
which10- nowstandardequipment.
Getreadyforyourexam2

39. Warandpeace
I can,taLkabout
rwULtarycovt'lLct.
1 Completethetextwiththewordsinthebox.Changethe
verbsif necessary.
Theconflictin Afghanistanbeganin 2001,when
forcesheadedbythe USA2-an attackonthe
countryin responseto theSeptember11thterrorist
attacks.Thepurposeofthe invasionwasto 3-
OsamaBinLaden,anddestroyAl QaidaandtheTaliban
regime.ByNovemberof the sameyear,the regime
'-. However,a fewyearslatertherewasan
increasein activitybyTaliban5--, including
5
-. severalthousand7
- fromthe USAand
othercountriesremainin Afghanistanandareexpectedto
be8- onlywhene- isfuttyestabtished.
2 writetheoppositesoftheunderlinedwords.
1 Thegovernmentsenta militarvforceto lraq.-
2 Hiselectionvictorvmayleadtocivilwar.-
3 Thearmybegantoadvance.
4 Thetwocountrieswereenemies.-
5 Thehostagewascapturedtwoweeksago.-
5 Theyplantoarmtherebelsoldiers
3 Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformofverbsfrom
AandnounsfromB.
A
claim make
give putup
grind suffer
B
breakthroughorders
casualties resistance
halt victory
1 Thecity toa- yesterdayasit
experiencedathree-hourpowercut.
2 Police a- intheirsearchfora missing
paintingworthf 5 mitlion.
3 Theofficer toshootdowntheaeroplane.
4 Thearmywastooweakto any- tothe
enemy'ssuperiorforce.
5 Theparty- intheelectioneventhough
it shoutdhavegonetotheopposition.
5 lt isbelievedthattheorovince several
afterbeinghitbyanearthquake.
Completetheidiomsandmatchthemwiththeir
meanings.
1 lfyoujumpthe-r
2 lfyou a bombshell,
3 lfyou.- yoursightsonsomething,
4 lfyou thehatchet,
5 lfyou toyourguns,
5 lfyoufighta- battle,
7 lfsomethingopensupold-,
8 lfyouburnyour-,
a itremindsyouofsomethingunpleasantfromthepast.
b youdosomethingwhichmakesitimpossibleto
returntotheorevioussituationlater.
c youdosomethingtoosoon.
d yougivea pieceofnewswhichisunexpectedand
unpleasant.
e youdecidethatyouwantsomethingandtryveryhard
to getit.
f youtrytodosomethingthatyou'tlprobablynever
managetodo.
g youstopbeingunfriendlyandbecomefriendsagain.
h yourefusetochangeyourmindaboutsomething.
Unit5. Battles

40. .-....%:.:
Familytensions
I cavLtalk abowtfavwlly
dt:putes and argurn+Ws.
lSrc ListentoHannahtalkingaboutherretationshipwith
hersister.Arethestatementstrueorfalse?WriteTorF.
1 Hannahandhersisterarebothnaturallyargumentative.
2 Hannahgetsonbetterwithhersisternowthansheused
to.-
3 Hannah'ssisterrarelyrowswithherparents.-
$ro Completetheexcerptsfromthelistening,then
listenagainandcheck.
1 | ....avoidit likethe
2 therediduseto bea tittlebitof_ _ us.
3 Shesuddenlyhadto- ourparent's
attention.
4 Sheclearly meto- now.
5 | raretyget- - withthem.
6 That's rivalryforyou!
Completethee-mailwiththecorrectformofthewordsin
brackets.
4 Rewritethesentencesusingfor+ noun/ pronoun+ infinitive.
1 lt'stimethattheystartedbeinghonestwitheachother.
2 lt'sessentialthatyoutostandyourgroundinanargument.
3 MyparentsareverykeenthatI shouldbea goodrole
modelformybrother.
4 ltwoutdbeamiracleiftheymanagedadaywithoutarguing.
5 lt'scrucialthatyouapologiseforyourrudeness.
6 I'dbetternotgetintoarowwithTamsin- shehatesconflict.
Writetruesentencesusin
indicateattitude.
1 Tobeperfectlyhonest,
g thediscoursemarkerswhich
2 Tomyutterastonishment,
thankgoodness.
Muchtomyannoyance,
Oddlyenough,
3
4
5
tn ply ,ftnepty*ii &
HiMark,
Howareyoudoing?I'mfinebutI wantedtoaskyour
adviceonanissuethat'sbeenbotheringmelately.
It'saboutthedynamicbetweenparentsandme. t (raise)voices,prettymuchona dailybasis.
Wealwaysseemto belockinghorns.Mysister,whois t (odd)enough,I feetquitegoodafteranargument
threeyearsyounger,alwaysmanagesto havecalm, sometimes,althoughI havetosayit canbequite10
t (construct)conversationswiththem. (drain)too.
Shesaysshefindsrows2 (upset)and Whatdoyoureckon,Mark?Doyouthinkit's
' (destroy).YetmyparentsandI justhave tt (respect)totalkto parentstikethisordoyou
o (end)rowsabouthomework,taking thinkit can12 (strong)retationships?
responsibitityroundthehouseandthatsortofthing.
l'mnottatkingt ("nimate)discussions
Givemea ca[[soon'
here- I'mtatkingfull-scale6 (heat) Tilv
argumentswith7 (slam)doorsand
Writea replytoTilly'se-mailin exercise3.Includesomeof
thevocabularyfromexercises2 and3.
Unit5r Battles

41. Fightingforeguality
I can,wnderstandand
artlcle about cLwIrtgWs
react to aw
carwpaLgnzrs.
4 Readthetextagain.Answerthequestions.
1 HowdidMrsThatchelschancterhelohersucceedinoolitics?
2 WhatdidBoniSoneswriteabout?
3 HowmanywomenMPsweretherebeforethe 1997election?
Whatdoesthefactthatyoucanbemoresexistin
Parliamentthatinanofficesuggest?
Whatdoyouthinktheoriginalsuffragetteswouldthink
aboutwomen'spoliticalsituationtoday?
1 Completethesummarywiththewordsinthebox.
Inthenineteenthcentury,theSuffragettes1-
forthe2- tovoteforwomen.They3
meetings,senta andevencarriedoutacts
ofcivil5 inctudingcommitting6-.
Consequently,somewerearrestedbutonceiniaita
fewwentonhunger7
-, whichwasended
whentheywereforce Withthearrivalof
theFirstWorldWar,theSuffragettese their
campaignand10- womehtoworkinthe
factoriesandfieldsasthemenwentofftofight.
Thewomenwereto prove11 tothewar
effort.Soonaftertheconflict,womenover30were
allowedtovote.Thelawwas12 in 1928and
womenfinallyhadthesamevotingrightsasmen.
Writea paragraphaboutthepositionofwomeninyour
country.Domorewomengoouttoworkthanbefore?
Domenhelpwithdomestictasks?Doyouthinkthe
situationcouldimprove?How?
2
3
Readthetextquickly,ignoringthegaps.Afterthe1997
elections,whatpercentageofBritishMPswerewomen?
-7o
Completethetextwithsuitablewords.
THE NEW
SUFFRAGETTES
'WhatBritainneedsisanlronLady',
saidthecountry'sfirstwoman
PrimeMinister,MrsMargaret
Thatcher.Indeed,MrsThatcherwasfamousforthestrength
ofherpersonatity,a characteristicsheusedtogreateffect
in Parliamentarydebates,whichsheoftenwon1- by
usingherfemininecharm,butbybeingdirectandoutspoken.
Herewasawomanpotiticianbeatingthemenat2-
owngame,somethingthatmanymalepoliticians3-
bear.Theironlyanswertoherpoliticalsuccesswastocriticise
herforbeingforcefuIandcombative,qualitiesthatmale
politiciansareoftenpraised"-. Themessagewas
thatbybecomingPrimeMinister,MrsThatcherhadlosther
femininity.
SinceThatcher,Britainhasseena riseinthenumberof
womenpoliticiansandtheyarethemostvisiblesignthatthe
suffragettes'fight5- thebeginningofthetwentieth
centurywasa success,aswomenhavegoneonnotonlyto
votebuttoalsotake6- importantpoliticalposts.
Doesthismean,then,thatwomeninBritishpolitics
achievedequality?
Theanswerwouldseemto be'no'.Atleastthatisthe
conclusionthatBoniSonescame7
- inherbook
Womenin Parliament- theNewSuffragettes.Soneswrote
abouttheresultsofthe7997Britishgeneralelectionandthe
experiencesofwomenpoliticians.
8- thenumberofwomenMembersofParliament
doubledafterthe1997elections,S2o/oofMPswerestitl
maleandithasn'tchangedmuchsincethen.What'smore,
thenewarrivatsintheHouseofCommons,knownasBlair's
BabesasmostbelongedtoTonyBlair'sLabourParty,found
morethaniusttheirprofessionalskittsbeingpute-
themicroscooe.
WhilstsomeofMrsThatcher'senemiestargetedwhatthey
desc;ibed10- hermascutinecharacteristics,thenew
MPsclaimedthattheirsupposedlymoreobviousfemininity
becameanimmediatetargetfornegativepresscoverage.The
media,theysaid,wasmoreinterestedintheirappearance
thanintheirpolicies.Therewerealsoclaimsofstrongsexist
remarksfrommalepoliticiansofallparties,a numberof
whichwouldhavegota mansackediftheyhadbeensaidin
anofficeinsteadofinParliament.
NodoubttheSuffragettesweredelighted11- women
finallygotequalvotingrightsin1928,butthey12- be
disappointedtoseehowmodernfemalepoliticianshave
theirsexusedagainstthem.
Unit5r Baftles

42. Jacques-YvesCousteau
Readthe article,ignoringthegaps.Completethe
sentenceswiththecorrectnames.
1 Cousteauwona orizeatthe foran underwater
documentary.
2 Cousteauattendeda conferenceorganisedbythe
in SouthAmerica.
3 Cousteauwrotea bookandmadea filmcalled
4 exoresseda viewaboutCousteauthata lotof
peopleagreedwith.
5
6
7
8
Hismobilefilmstudioandlaboratorvwascalled
Anawardwaspresentedto Cousteauin fora fi[m.
Cousteaucreatedtheaqualungwith
wasthefirstunderwaterdocumentarymadein
France.
Unit5. Battles
I can nnderttand and react to
aw artLcLeabouta naturallst.
MatchsentencesA-H withgaps1-7 in the article.Thereis
onesentencethatyoudo notneed.
A Cousteaubelievedtelevisioncouldeducateaswellas
entertain,andheproducedfilmsandsuccessfulW
seriesthatdid both.
B Cousteauorganiseda campaignagainstthe
government'splan.
C Hisfirstfilm,EighteenMetresDeep,wasalsothe first
underwaterdocumentaryto bemadein France.
D Cousteaucreateda televisionchannelthatallowedpeople
to followhisjourneysunderthesea24 hoursa day.
E Andit is in partthanksto theseprogrammesthatour
awarenessabouttheenvironmentandthe needto
protectit hasgrown.
F Cousteauhadcontributedto givingeverybodythe
opportunityof becominga'manfish'.
G Hewasseriousandknowledgeableabouthissubject,
andthisfascinatedhisgrowingaudience.
H Trave[[ingtheworld'sseasandoceans,hestartedfilming
andwritingprofusely.
Findwordsor phrasesin thetextwhichmatchthese
definitions.
1 a basicthingthatis useda lot (paragraph1)
atlthe plantsandanimatsin a place(paragraph1)
a personwithoutspecialtrainingin a subiect
(paragraph2)
underwater(paragraph3)
attachedandkeptin position(paragraph3)
6 getridof sornethingunwanted(paragraph5)
' ,,,,,,,,,,Culu.grcrl
Writea paragraphexplainingtheworkofanotherperson
ororganisationindefenceoftheenvironment.Explainwhat
areasoftheenvironmenttheyfocusonandwhattheytry
todo.
4
4
5
3
Matchthe verbswith the nounsto makecollocations.
a business
dead
fameandfortune
a heartmassage
animage
anincident
mixedfeelings
pain
a risk
Completethe sentenceswith the correctformsof the
collocationsfromexercise1.
1 He- the- in public,butprivatelythe
presidentis reallyworriedaboutit.
2 Thedoctorinspectedthevictimandaftera few
moments --- him
3 Twocompanieswantto ourcomputer
butwe reallydon'twantto sel[.
4 Dentistsalwayssay'Thiswon'thurt'andthenthey
a lot of-!
5 Thecompanydoesn'tbelievein playingsafeand
they'rewittingto a
5 Heworksbetternowbut it's goingto be difficuttfor
himto hisbad
7 Oneofthe ambulancecrew a -.
whichsavedhistife.
8 lt I wasgladto geta newjob but
sadto leavemyoldcolleagues.
9 Despitebecominga popstarand
shewasstillthe modestgirtI hadatwaysknown.

43. @ ruoUoay*hopicksuptheirremotecontrolandstarts
zappingwill besurprisedto findvariousdocumentariesabout
naturepoppingupontheir screensSuchdocumentaries
havebecomeaTVstapleandthereareevenchannels
entirelydevotedto ourplanetandthe floraandfaunathat it
supports.1- Althoughwenowtakethesedocumentaries
forgranted,in the 1950stelevisionwasamediumfor
elltertainmentandnothingelse.It wasoneman,Jacques-Yves
Cousteau,who sawits potentialasthe perfectplatformfor
irTformingTVaudiencesaboutthe two-thirdsof the planet
that werehiddenfrom their view:the sea
@
2- rtre films andprogrammeswereaccompanied
byCousteausvoice,asheexplainedthe underwaterworld
in layman'sterms SomescientistscriticisedCousteaufor
simplifyingcomplexscientificconceptsin hisnarrations,but he
replied:peopleprotcctandrespectwhatthcylike,andto make
themlikethesea,theyshouldbefllledwith wonder.'Cousteau
hadrealisedthatTVwasaninstrumentfor openingpeoples
eyesto theworldaroundthemandwith timc hechanged
theperceptionofwhattelevisioncoulddo Moreover,the
foundationsfor hissuccessonTVhadbeencarefullylaidduring
nventyyedrsofdedicationto hispassion,thesea3-
@ AsayoungmanCousteauhadenlistedin the Frenchnavy
but aswellasfulfillinghismilitarydutics,healsostarted
to investigateandfilm the sea"- Makingsuchafilm
wasincrediblydifficultthen asindividualoxygentankshad
yetto beinvented,but Cousteaustillwon first prizeat the
Congressof DocumentaryFilmin 1943Despitehissuccess,
Cousteau'sexperiencesonEighteenMetresDeepledhim to the
conclusionthat to progressin hischosenfield,heneededto
finda wayof breathingwhensubmergedthat didn'trestrict
hismovementsThereforealongwith Frenchengineer,Emile
Gagnan,hesetaboutcreatingthehqualung',anoxygentank
that couldbestrappedto adiver'sbackCousteausaidthat this
inventionallowedhim to becomea'manfish'butwhat hedidn't
realisewasthat the aqualullgwasto revolutionisepeople's
relationshipwith the seaasscuba-divingtook off asa
hobby.5-
@ Rrmedwith hisaqualung,Cousteauleft the navy,acquired
aboat,the Calypso,andturned it into a mobileresearch,fllm
anddivingcentre6- HisbookTheSilentWorld,published
in 1953,describedhisstudieson dolphinsandexplained
histheorythat theypossessedsomekindofnatural radar
system,abeliefthat otherscientistswouldlaterconfirm
In 1956Cousteausfilm bearingthe sametitle ashisbook
wonthe Cannesfilm festivalandhisnarnewasbeginningto
becotnewell-knownoutsidescientificcirclesHorvever,itwas
theTVseriesthat hehostedfrom the decksofthe Calypso
that turnedhim into a householdnamethroughoutNorth
AmericaandEurope
@ etttroughnot interestcdin acquiringfameandfortune,
Cousteaurealisedhewasin a uniquepositionto helpdefend
the planetagainstthe excessesof mankind In October1960,
onhearingofthc intentionofthe Frenchgovernmentto
dumpradioactivewastein the MediterraneanSca,7
Thanksto hisintervention,publicopinionsoonopposed
theproposeddumpingof nuclearwastein the seaand
hundredsof peopleblockedthe railwaylinestoppingthe train
carryingthe wastefrom reachingits destinationCousteau's
environmentalwork,howcver,wasnot usuallythisdramatic,
but it washighlyrespectedandhewasinvitedto the United
NationsEarthSummitin RiodeJaneiroin 1992,whcreat
a numberof meetillgshewasthe onlynon-headof state
present.Onhisdeathinl997,TedTurner,thevicechairmanof
TimeWarnertelevision,voicedanopinionthat manypeople
shared:'lthink CaptainCousteaumight bethe fatherof the
environmentalmovement'
Unit5oBattles

44. cawwe dewces
avoLdrepetLtLow.
Eltipsis
Match1-6 witha-f andcompletethesentenceswithan
auxiliaryormodalverb.
1 Doyouevermissyourcountry? I
2 HaveyoueverheardTheStreetsptaylive? tr
3 Don'tforgettofeedthecatthisevening. tr
4 Laurahasn'thandedinherbiotogycourseworkyet. []
5 Stevedidn'ttakeyourchequetothebank. I
5 Theshopsctoseearlytoday. tr
a Don'tworry,I
b Notnow,but|- when|firstgothere.
c Oh,that'ssoannoying.Hepromisedhe-.^
d No,butmysister-. Shetovedthem.
e Yes,I knowthey-.
f That'sstrange.Shetoldmeshe
Addthewordfotothesentenceswherenecessary.
1 Youcandeclinetheinvitationifyouprefer.
2 ShegotgradeA inallherexamsbutshedidn'texpect.
3 Youdon'thavetoopenthepresentnowifyoudon'twant.
4 Youcanmeetuslaterifyou'dtike.
5 | meantto buysomestampsbutI forgot.
6 Heaskedmetomakea speechathisbirthdaypartybutI
don'twant.
Completethedialogueswiththewordsinthebox.There
aretwothatyoudon'tneed.
1 'Givemeashoutifyouneedanyhelpputtingthatshelfup.'
'Thanks,I-.'
2 'A[[myfriends'parentsletthemcomehomeatwhatever
timethey[ike.'
'Perhapsthey-, butyou'renotgoingto.'
'l sawEddieintowntoday.'
'You-. He'sinMallorcawithhisfamily.'
'l wantyouto babysitforTrudythisevening.'
'Why- l?Abinevergetsaskedto babysit!'
'l haven'treceivedmyinvitationyet.'
'No-one .Theystillhaven'tbeensent.'
'l coutdgetFergusthisbookforhisbirthday.Doyouthink
he'sreadit?'
'No,he lt'sonlyiustcomeout.'
Completetheconversationbetweentwofriendsata
concert.Usea reducedinfinitiveandaverbfromtheboxin
thecorrectform.
Matt Watchit!You'vejustspittyourdrinka[[overme!
Jed Sorry,l1
Matt Didyoubuyanyofthemerchandisetheywere
sellingbytheentrance?
butitwas
ridiculouslyexpensive.
Comeon!Let'sgouptothestageatthefront.You
don'thavetostayinyourseat,youknow.
Matt Don'tworry,| 3 !
fed Shattweseeifwecangetthesinger'sautographa:
the end?
Matt No,I a- . I'mtooshy.
Matt They'reptayingat the Leedsfestivalnextmonth.
Whydon'twegoandwatchthemagain?
led 15
6
butunfortunately,I
becausewe'regoing
on holidaythedaybefore.
4
2
3
Jed
Jed
Unit5. Battles