Cognitive Tools

Educational Technologies WS2006 Cognitive Tools Martin Homik [email_address] Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz

Approximate Plan of the Course ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Literature (look back “Media Principles) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How do People Learn? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mental processes transform information into knowledge and skills in memory

How e-Lessons Affect Human Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Knowledge from Long-term-memory New Information Active Processing Remaining Capacity

Media Principles (Summary) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Other means to reduce cognitive load ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Learning Theories (look back) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mapping Technologies to Learning Theories Objectivism Behaviorism Constructivism Cognitivism Motor Skills Cognitive Tools Programmed Instruction ITS Jonassen, 1981

Definition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Functions of Cognitive Tools ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Key Questions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Discovery Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dilemma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Discovery Environment Cognitive Tool 1 Cognitive Tool 2 ? ?

Discovery Described as Dual Search Spaces ,[object Object],[object Object],Hypothesis space Experiment space ,[object Object],[object Object]

Search Strategies in Dual Search Spaces ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Decomposition of Hypothesis Space ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Learner hypothesis space Target conceptual model Effective learner search space Universal hypothesis space Contains all hypotheses the learner possibly knows of and considers as good candidates De Jong, Van Joolingen, 1998

Explaining Unsuccessful Discovery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hypothesis Generation Sketchpad (SMISLE) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Monitoring Experiments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hooking Intelligent Support ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Hooking Intelligent Support: Feedback ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SimQuest Learning Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SimQuest Learning Architecture Simulation Context Instructional Measures Learner Interface Simulation Model

SimNerv ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Flight Simulator, Auckland, New Zealand

G eneric L arge A ircraft S imulator S ystem Project

Identify/Close Learning Gaps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Electronic Learning Diaries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cognitive Prompts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Metacognitive Prompts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

Types of spatial configurations (1) sequence cluster By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

Types of spatial configurations (2) hierarchy By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

Types of spatial configurations (3) Web-like organisations (see Wiegemann, Dansereau et al., 1992) By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

Types of spatial configurations (4) web-representation part part example example exercise By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

Representation focuses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

Spatial representations statements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

What are Mind Maps? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example: Mind Map with “Mind Manger”

What are Concept Maps? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example: Hierarchical Concept Map

Functions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Use for learning and instruction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

Use for Knowledge Management ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

Mapping Tools (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],By courtesy of Sigmar-Olaf Tergan, IWM - KMRC

iCMap ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Demo

AM: Knowledge Representation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S 1 S 2 S 3 D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 Exc 1 Exc 2 Exc 3 Exa 1 Exa 2 Exa 3

AM: Knowledge Representation: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S 1 S 2 S 3 D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 Exc 1 Exc 2 Exc 3 Exa 1 Exa 2 Exa 3 for for for for for for for for for

AM: Knowledge Representation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S 1 S 2 S 3 D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 Exc 1 Exc 2 Exc 3 Exa 1 Exa 2 Exa 3 for for Domain prerequisite Domain prerequisite Domain prerequisite

AM: Knowledge Representation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S 1 S 2 S 3 D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 Exc 1 Exc 2 Exc 3 Exa 1 Exa 2 Exa 3 for against isA

Verification ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Deductive Relation: Transitivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S 1 S 2 S 3 D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 Exc 1 Exc 2 Exc 3 Exa 1 Exa 2 Exa 3 isA isA isA

Deductive Relation: Transitivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S 1 S 2 S 3 D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 Exc 1 Exc 2 Exc 3 Exa 1 Exa 2 Exa 3 Domain prerequisite Domain prerequisite Domain prerequisite

Deductive Relation: Equivalence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S 1 S 2 S 3 D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 Exc 1 Exc 2 Exc 3 Exa 1 Exa 2 Exa 3 isA isA for for equivalence equivalence

Fault Tolerance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],S 1 S 2 D 1 D 2 D 3 T 1 T 2 T 3 Exc 1 Exc 2 Exc 3 Exa 1 Exa 2 Exa 3 for isA isA for for for

Take Home Message ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Literature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Literature ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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