1. Design Aspect of StandAlone Solar
PV System
MALIK SAMEEULLAH
M.Tech (RES)
School of Renewable Energy and Efficiency
NIT KURUKSHETRA

2. Content
•
•
•
•
Introduction to solar PV industry
Basic principle and general concept involve
StandAlone PV system and features
Designing aspect of off grid Solar PV

3. PV Solar Industry
• India is a tropical country. About 5000 trillion
kWh per year energy incident over India`s land
area with most parts receiving 4-7 kWh per sq.
m per day
• Small part of total energy receive can meet
entire India power requirement.
• Nature friendly
• Various Policies of central and state govt

4. India Solar Radiation Map
Daily Global Radiation (KJ m-2 per day)
City
Horizontal
Radiation
Optimum Tilt
Radiation
New Delhi
19.67
21.54
Kolkata
17.47
19.07
Pune
20.40
21.94
Chennai
20.12
20.99

6. • Policies of Government
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
(MNRE) formed in 2006.
 JNNSM is launched.
It aim to produce 22GW of Solar Energy by
2022
There is no. of subsidy to achieve JNNSM
Goal.

7. Solar Energy System
Solar Energy
Solar Thermal Collector System
Solar PV system
Low
Temperature
Collector
Off Grid Solar PV
system
Medium
Temperature
Collector
Grid Connected
Solar PV system
High
Temperature
Collector
PV cell based low
power device

8. Solar PV system
Photovoltaic (PV) is method of generating
electrical power by converting solar radiation
into direct current using semiconductor which
exhibit PV effect.

9. Solar PV Cell
• It consist of Semiconductor material
• One PV cell produce approx. 0.5V with current
range of 4-5 Amp.
• Solar modules is an arrangement of PV cell in
series and parallel combination to produce
desired rating.
• For 12V battery system 36 cell module is used
(for charging voltage of 18V)

10. Rating Of PV modules

11. Standalone PV System: Application and
features.
• Not connected to power grid
• Size of system is from few watts to 10 kW
• Use for telephone tower, remote houses, water pumping
etc.
• System efficiency and cost is also depend upon
geographical location
• Modules and battery add almost 65% of total system cost
• Cost of system increase as much as we required backup in
bad weather
• In average, for per kW system design required Rs. 2.5 Lacs

12. Pre Consideration Before Design of
System
• Assessment of space available, user
requirement and budget.
• Detail study of Solar radiation availability at
site
• Daily energy requirement of system and type
of system and way to improve load side
efficiency.
• Sunlight and weather resistance system for all
outdoor equipment

13. Design Step
•
•
•
•
•
•
Solar Energy Estimation
Load Estimation
Inverter Selection
Battery Bank Size
Solar Module calc.
Cost Estimation

15. Load Estimation
• Detail study need to done to find system maximum load.
• For Lighting load, it is essential to use energy efficient lamp
like CFL, LED
• Cost of Solar PV System is reduce, if proper load study is
done
Daily System Energy Requirement Table
Appliance Load Voltage (AC/DC)
Power
Daily Use(H)
Daily Energy use
CFL (8*12)
240 V (AC)
96 W
9
0.864 kWh
Fan(1*80)
240 V (AC)
80 W
15
1.200 kWh
TV(1*120)
240 V (AC)
120 W
7
0.840 kWh
PC (2*60)
240 V (AC)
120 W
6
0.720 kWh
Charger point
240 V (AC)
20 W
3
0.060 kWh
Total Daily AC Energy Demand
Peak Load
3.684 kWh
436 W

16. Inverter Selection
• Select Inverter input/output voltage.
• Inverter output power rating is near to 1.5 time
of max. load
• Inverter output overload current 3-5 times total
load current (for fault current protection)
• Select output AC waveform suitable for load
• Capability to sense battery condition
• Now a day, inverter with efficiency in b/w 97% to
99%.
Energy Supplied to Inverter
3.79 kWh
Load Energy Required/ ƞ of Inverter
3.684/0.97

17. Battery Bank Size
Parameter to choose battery size
Depth of Discharge
useful capacity= rated capacity*DOD
Voltage and Ah of Battery
No of day of storage required.
For 24 V system and 3.79 kWh of Energy
Ah capacity of battery
158 Ah
3790/24 Ah
Now if DOD of battery is 70%
Rating of Battery
226 Ah
158/0.7 Ah

18. Continue
• Now if consider for system of one day backup,
then Ah rating is just double
• For the given system, total battery size is 450 Ah
• Now for design purpose, battery of 12 V, 100 Ah
and 70% DOD use
• So total of 10 Battery required
Battery bank

19. Solar PV module Calculation
Main consideration during Panel sizing
 Voltage, Current, wattage of the module
Insolation level in design month
 efficiency of battery and charge controller
Tracking device availability

20. • Losses in battery and controller during
charging is around 20%.
Energy supplied by PV panel
4738 Wh
3790/0.8Wh
Total Ah generated by Panel
197 Ah
4738/24 Ah
Total Ampereto be produced
50.5 Amp
197/3.9 Amp
No of Parallel module required
6 No.
50.5*12/100
Total PV module required =2*6 =12 No. (system voltage is 24 V)

21. Cost Estimation
Solar Panel
module
2*7=14 No.
Charge
controller
Rating
100 W, 12 V
Inverter
Rating
0.5 Kw, 24 V input
and 240 V output,
50 Hz.
Battery Bank
2*8=16 No.
Rating
100 Ah, DoD 70%
AC Load of 436 W
S.No
Particulars
Unit
Rate
(INR)
Qty.
Amount (Rs.)
1.
Inverter
kW
12000
0.5 kw
6000.00
2.
Battery 100 Ah
No.
2500
16
40000.00
3.
Solar PV module 100 W
No.
6000
14
84000.00
4.
Charge Controller
No.
5000
1
5000.00
Total
135000.00
Total Cost
5.
Take 30% of total cost as Installation charge and
protection device cost
40500.00
Total Amount
175500.00

22. Conclusion
• StandAlone PV system depend mainly upon
solar energy
• Proper designing is essential to satisfy load
demand
• Each parameter play a crucial role in designing
• Cost of system depend upon the economical
consideration.

23. References
• Mohamed H. Beshr, Hany A. Khater, Amr A. Andelraouf, “ Modelling
of a Residential Solar Stand-Alone Power System”, Proceedings of
the 1st International Nuclear and Renewable Energy Conference
(INREC10), Amman, Jordan, March 21-24, 2010
• Marks Hankins, “Stand-Alone Solar Electric System”,Earthscan
Expert Series
• Chetan Singh Solanki, “Solar Photovoltaics Fundamental,
Technologies and Applications”, PHI
• Enda Flood, K. McDonnell, F. Murphy and G. Devlin, “A Feasibilty
Analysis of Photovoltaic Solar Power for Small Community in
Ireland”, The Open Renewable Energy Journel,2011, 4, 78-92.
• “Performance of Solar Power Plants in India”, submitted to Central
Electricity Regulatory Commission New Delhi in Feb 2011.