2. A very simple definition of knowledge is, “A
justified, true belief.”
It is therefore made up of three elements:
◦ Truth
◦ Belief
◦ Justification
An equation used to make this more simple is:
◦ K=JTB
(where K: Knowledge, J: Justified, T:True, B: Belief)
3. 4 ways used to justify a belief are:
◦ Language
◦ Perception
◦ Reason
◦ Emotion
For any belief to be considered true, it has to
always have been true and remain true forever
4. Believing in something is required to qualify it
as knowledge
We must be aware that something is true and
justified to be able to claim we know it, if we
are not aware of it, we cannot know it
There are 3 types of Belief:
◦ A vague belief
◦ A well-supported belief
◦ A belief that is beyond reasonable doubt
5. By using the formula K = JTB, when one
knows something, it must be the truth and
one must be aware of it
When one believes something, it is not
necessarily true
Belief is a subjective requirement for
knowledge, if we know something is
true, then we must believe it, but just
because we believe it, it does not make it true
6. One can know that something (and therefore
be sure that it) is the truth or that it is
incorrect
However, one can be uncertain about many
beliefs, and therefore not be sure if it is
closer to being true or false
-10 -5 0 5 10
Impossible Unlikely Possible Probable Certain
I I I I I
Knowledge Well-Supported Vague Well-Supported Knowledge
This spectrum refers to the various kinds of beliefs,
vague, well-supported, and beyond reasonable doubt
7. -10 -5 0 5 10
Impossible Unlikely Possible Probable Certain
I I I I I
Knowledge Well-Supported Vague Well-Supported Knowledge
