editing and recommendation is highly appreciated

1. “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L) LEAVES IN
LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF THE WHITE MICE”
A Research Proposal
Presented to
Rolando S. Delgado
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Research of
The Grade 9 STE
By
RICA FE P. RIEGO

2. “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA (Psidium guajava L) LEAVES IN
LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF THE WHITE MICE”
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is defined as 'a metabolic disorder of
multiple aetiology characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with
disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism
resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or
bot’. In simpler terms, diabetes is a condition where the body
does not produce enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced
by the pancreas that helps glucose (the main source of fuel for
the body) move from the blood into the cells. In diabetics, the
cells cannot use the glucose and this causes the blood glucose
level to rise.(WHO October 2013)
There are three main types of diabetes – type 1 diabetes
(known also as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus); type 2
diabetes (known also as non insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus); and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Type 1 diabetes is predominantly a childhood disease and is
more common in developed countries. It is also known as
'juvenile onset' diabetes. Management principally involves the
injection of insulin into the body, as the cells of the pancreas
cannot produce enough insulin. The onset of type 1 diabetes is

3. rapid and includes symptoms of increased thirst and hunger,
excessive urination, dramatic weight loss, and overwhelming
tiredness. There is also a range of minor symptoms.
Type 2 diabetes on the other-hand, is a 'late onset'
diabetes, and develops more commonly in people over 40 years of
age. It is primarily managed through diet and exercise.
Individuals with type 2 diabetes are not usually dependent on
insulin injections. This is because impaired insulin secretion
and cell resistance to insulin cause the condition – it is not
caused by insulin shortage. Type 2 diabetes is often the result
of an individual being overweight for many years. This leads to
cells becoming insulin-resistant, as a result of increased
levels of sugar being stored as fat and processed. The disease
can go undetected for a number of years, during which time mild
symptoms develop – these may become life-threatening.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is less common than the other
two forms. It is first diagnosed during pregnancy, and is primarily a
temporary intolerance to carbohydrate, which returns to normal after
the birth. More than 40% of women with GDM develop type 1 or type 2
diabetes in the following 10 years. As well as having a greater risk
of birth defects, babies of women with GDM are more likely to develop
obesity and impaired glucose intolerance and/or diabetes in later
life. Diabetic women who become pregnant are not included in this
category. (Christian Nordqvist in April 2010)

4. Other types of diabetes include those associated with
certain conditions or syndromes, such as malnutrition-related
diabetes mellitus, pancreatic disease, diseases of hormonal
aetiology, drug-induced or chemical-induced conditions,
abnormalities of insulin or its receptors, genetic, and
miscellaneous condition.
The duration of diabetes is associated with the progressive
development of all complications. Complications can become life-
threatening, in which case surgery may be necessary (for
example, kidney transplantation and lower limb amputations).
People with diabetes who develop complications of the disease
are at increased risk of premature death.(Rother KI April 2007)
Diabetes affects almost every system in the body – due to
the metabolic nature of the disease. As a result of the
development of complications, people with type 2 diabetes have
higher hospitalisation and health service use than the general
population – for treatment of infections, amputations, kidney
dialysis and transplants, laser therapy for retinopathy, and
other specialist care. Premature death is the most serious
result of diabetes, usually caused by one or more of the
associated complications. (Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation,
2008.)
Obesity is one of the main causes of diabetes. Obesity can
cause elevated blood sugar level, reduce insulin B cell

5. function, and lead to type diabetes. Long-term excessive
intakes of sweets, high fat food, fine produces can induce
diabetes. Prolonged mental stress and high-stress conditions
will induce diabetes. Medication will gradually cause diabetes.
Pregnancy can cause diabetes because placenta can produce
insulin enzyme, which accelerates the degradation of insulin.
Stress state if the glucose does not return to normal level
after this stress, patient is highly likely to suffer from
diabetes. Autoimmune decline Virus may destroy pancreatic B
cells, destroying the pancreatic function, and thus suffer from
the diabetes. Many things affect your risk for type 2 diabetes,
heart disease, and stroke.
The symptoms of diabetes mainly include increased water
drinking and eating, frequent urination, weight loss, etc, with
complications of kidney disease and stomach disease, etc.
Knowing the main symptoms of diabetes, having early diagnosis
and treatment can improve patient’s recovery rate. Medications
for diabetes are expensive. Because of this, poor people who are
diabetic most often die from this disease. For this reason
several researchers conducted on plants that could help reduce
the level of blood sugar in the body. Common to this plants is
that their acrid taste and this leads the researchers to

6. conclude that plants (leaves, fruits, flowers) with acrid taste
can help cure diabetes.
One of the most gregarious of fruit trees, the
guava, (Psidium guajava L)., of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae),
is almost universally known by its common English name or its
equivalent in other languages. In Spanish, the tree is guayabo,
or guayavo, the fruit guayaba or guyava. The French call
it goyave or goyavier; the Dutch,guyaba, goeajaaba; the
Surinamese, guave or goejaba; Portuguese, goiaba or goaibeira. H
awaiians call it guava or kuawa. In Guam it is abas. In Malaya,
it is generally known either as guava or jambu batu, but has
also numerous dialectal names as it does in India, tropical
Africa and the Philippines where the corruption, bayabas, is
often applied. Various tribal names–pichi, posh, enandi, etc.–
are employed among the Indians of Mexico and Central and South
America. A small tree to 33 ft (10 in) high, with spreading
branches, the guava is easy to recognize because of its smooth,
thin, copper-colored bark that flakes off, showing the greenish
layer beneath; and also because of the attractive, "bony" aspect
of its trunk which may in time attain a diameter of 10 in (25
cm). Young twigs are quadrangular and downy. The leaves,
aromatic when crushed, are evergreen, opposite, short-petiole,
oval or oblong-elliptic, somewhat irregular in outline; 2 3/4 to

7. 6 in (7-15 cm) long, I 'A to 2 in (3-5 cm) wide, leathery, with
conspicuous parallel veins, and more or less downy on the
underside. Faintly fragrant, the white flowers, borne singly or
in small clusters in the leaf axils, are 1 in (2.5 cm) wide,
with 4 or 5 white petals which are quickly shed, and a prominent
tuft of perhaps 250 white stamens tipped with pale-yellow
anthers.
Guava is a tropical fruit produced by the guava tree. Large
quantities of the guava fruit are produced in Brazil, Colombia,
Venezuela, and Mexico. The fruit is commonly eaten fresh or made
into beverages, jams, and other foods. The fruit, leaves, and
juice are also used as medicine. (United States Department of
Agriculture Retrieved 2011-02-05)
Many problems in this society really needed a treatment.
Each Disease has a treatment. But the problem was, not all the
people could afford those treatment. That is why many people use
herbal plants as a medicine. Since guava is abundant anywhere in
the Philippines, it could be an affordable, environmentally-
friendly and safe cure for diabetes.

8. Statement of The Problem
This study aims to find out if guava (Psidium guajava L.)
leaves extract can be used in lowering blood sugar level.
Specific Question
1. What is the amount of guava leaves extract which could
lower the blood sugar level of the white mice after 2 weeks
of intervention?
2. What is the decrease in the amount of blood sugar level of
white mice after 2 weeks of intervention?
3. What is its mortality rate of blood sugar level after the
intervention with the use of guava (Psidium guajava
L.)leaves extract?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference in decrease in the
amount of blood sugar level of the white mice.

9. Significance of the Study
With this study,, people who may benefit are obese
individual, manufacturers/enterprenuers, future researchers,
whole community in general.
People who suffer from high blood sugar can spent lesser
amount on buying medicine because they can found an abundant
supply for their treatment, because guava can be seen commonly
in their backyard.
Manufacturers/entrepreneurs can make this effective product
be available in the market and can gain money from it.This is
more cheaper but effective than those of the advertisement.
Future Researchers may take this study as their take off
for further investigation regarding Guava (Psidium guajava)leaf
as an effective medicine in lowering the blood sugar level of
the white mice (Mus musculus).
And to all people, whole country in general may use this as
alternative medicine in their daily lives.

10. Scope and Limitation
This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness
of the Guava (Psidium Guajava ) leaf extract in lowering the
blood sugar of white mice ( Mus Musculus).The independent
variable is the Guava leaf extract and the dependent variable is
the effect of Guava leaf extract to the white mice. The Guava
leaf extract is in the variety of Psidium Guajava while the
white mice are the Mus musculus.
This study will be conducted on year 2015 at Riego’s
residence, Barangay Dawis Sur, Zarraga, Iloilo.

11. Conceptual Framework
Guava leaves have a history of use by indigenous people for
traditional medicines. But how many of us know about the guava
leaves and its wonders. Guava leaves are a rich source of
antioxidants. Antioxidants protect your cells by scavenging free
radicals, substances that can damage them. (Pearl’s page October
2012). It’s an excellent mouth freshener and can readily replace
any toothpaste or other cosmetic tooth remedy. Guava leaves
concoction is an effective remedy for diarrhea.
According to the India research, the guava leaves have a
wide spread use as a liver and jaundice remedy. Remedy has
proved the liver protective properties of the guava leave
extract, thus it can be consumed as a liver tonic.
According to Japanese guava contains tannin which is also
present to the commercial one.

12. Paradigm
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Figure 1. The illustration shows the research variable. The
independent variable is the Guava (Psidium Guajava)leaf extract.
The effect of Guava (Psidium Guajava)leaf extract to the Blood
Sugar is the dependent variable.
Guava (Psidium
Guajava)
Blood Sugar
Leaf
extract

13. Definition of terms
Effectiveness- This means adapting to produce an effect.(
Webster’s Dictionary); Effectiveness is the capability of
producing a desired result. When something is deemed effective,
it means it has an intended or expected outcome, or produces a
deep, vivid impression.( Dictionary.com)
Guavas (singular guava, /ˈɡwɑː.və/) are plants in the
Myrtle family(Myrtaceae) genus Psidium, They are native
to Mexico, Central America, and northern South America ; a
shrubby tree (P. guajava) widely cultivated for its sweet acid
yellow or pink fruit the roundish to pear-shaped fruit of a
guava.( Restrepo, Cecilia (October 2007).
Extract- is a substance made by extracting a part of a raw
material, often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water
;to remove (something) by pulling it out or cutting it out.(
Merriam.com)
Diabetes mellitus (DM)- This refers to a set of related disease
in which the body cannot regulate the amount of sugar in the
blood (Modern Guide to Health 1971).
White mice- Small rodents and like all rodents they possess
gnawing teeth and measure around 6 to 8 inches from the tip of

14. nose to the tip of the tail, and weigh approximately 15 to 25 g
(i.e. less than 1 oz.) (World Encyclopedia, 2012)

15. “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA(Psidiumguajava L)LEAVES EXTRACT IN
LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF THE WHITE MICE”
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
The Philippines is rich in mineral resources, especially in
plant life. Since the ancient times, these plants have supported
the people as a source of food, of building materials, for their
homes and as medicines. In fact the country is so rich in
medicinal plants that several books on medical plants have
already been published in the country. This also led to the
production of natural food supplements and drugs using the
identified medicinal plants as the major component.
While this study is an attempt to identify another
medicinal plant source which is abundant to the country, the
guava.
Related studies
Pulp and peel fractions were tested, and both showed high
content of dietary fiber (48.55−49.42%) and extractable
polyphenols (2.62−7.79%). The antioxidant activity of polyphenol
compounds was studied, using three complementary methods: free
radical DPPH• scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power

16. assay (FRAP), and (iii) inhibition of copper-catalyzed in vitro
human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. All fractions
tested showed a remarkable antioxidant capacity, and this
activity was correlated with the corresponding total phenol
content. (International Journal of Microbiology Volume 2013 ).
Study shows that, Guavas contain four times the Vitamin C
content present in oranges. Vitamin C helps in improving your
immunity and thus keeps your body healthy and protects it from
pathogens that cause infections. Improves your hormonal
function.Copper, present in guava, helps in the production and
absorption of hormones. This property helps in improving the
function of your endocrine system especially thyroid glands
which is responsible for the way in which you metabolize food,
use energy, etc. Lowers risk of cancer. Being diagnosed with
cancer can be a person’s worst nightmare. Being rich in Vitamin
C and antioxidants like lycopene, eating guavas can protect your
cells from damage and reduce your chances of getting cancer.
Additionally, Vitamin C boosts your immunity which is critical
in fighting cancer cells. Has anti-ageing properties for your
skin. Guavas are rich in Vitamin C, Vitamin A and antioxidants
like lycopene and carotene which protect your skin from
wrinkles and fine lines, thus making you look younger. Old-age

17. is a certainty in everyone’s life, and eating a guava every day
can atleast prolong the process.
Helps treat constipation. Constipation is caused when food
is stuck in our colon. Guava, is rich in fiber which helps in
clearing the blocked pathway and thus curing your
constipation.Helps improve vision, even though, guavas are not
as rich in Vitamin A as carrots, they still are still a very
good source of the nutrient. Vitamin A helps keep your eyes in
good condition, and also helps improve your vision. Night
blindness is one of the diseases associated with a Vitamin A
deficiency.
Good for pregnant mothers, Guavas contain Folic acid, or
Vitamin B-9, which is recommended for pregnant mothers since it
can help in developing the baby’s nervous system and protect the
newborn from neurological disorders. Helps you relax. Magnesium
present in guavas helps in relaxing your nerves and muscles. In
today’s stressful times, consuming a guava to combat stress and
relax is certainly a good idea.
Good for your brain. Brain is one of the major organs of
our body, and keeping it healthy should be on our priority list
regardless of how intelligent we consider ourselves. Guavas
contain Vitamin B3 and Vitamin B6, also known as niacin and
pyridoxine, which helps in improving blood circulation to the
brain and relaxing your nerves. (Sameer Jha December 11, 2013)

18. Main Uses of guava are for dysentery (bacterial and amebic),
diarrhea, colic, and infantile rotavirus enteritis. Also as a
broad-spectrum antimicrobial for internal and external
bacterial, fungal, candidal, and amebic infections. To tone,
balance, protect and strengthen the heart (and for arrhythmia
and some heart diseases). As a cough suppressant, analgesic
(pain-reliever), and febrifuge (reduces fever) for colds, flu,
sore throat, etc. As a topical remedy for ear and eye infections
Properties/Actions. Unripe guavas can be an alternative
treatment for LBM or Loose Bowel Movement.
Guava leaves can be used in disinfecting wounds. Likewise,
guavas are used to stop a wound from bleeding. Guava stems can
be used in cleaning the teeth. Guava twigs can be used in making
slingshots .
According to Ruel Ford, Guavas can be used as decorations.
If we forget to buy flowers, if we want to save up money or if
we want to have a unique decoration, we can use guava fruits,
leaves, stems & flowers instead.( Ruel Ford October 2010 )
According to Elsevier Ireland, Psidium guajava, is an
important food crop and medicinal plant in tropical and
subtropical countries is widely used like food and in folk
medicine around of the world. This aims a comprehensive of the
chemical constituents, pharmacological, and clinical uses.

19. Different pharmacological experiments in a number of in
vitro and in vivo models have been carried out. Also have been
identified the medicinally important phyto-constituents. A
survey of the literature shows P. guajava is mainly known for
its antispasmodic and antimicrobial properties in the treatment
of diarrhoea and dysentery.
Has also been used extensively as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of
this plant to exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotection, anti-
allergy, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial,
cytotoxic, antispasmodic, cardioactive, anticough,
antiinflamatory and antinociceptive activities, supporting its
traditional uses. ( 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland )
Studies on efficiency of guava (Psidium guajava) bark as
bioadsorbent for removal of Hg (II) from aqueous solutions.
Biosorption of Hg (II) was investigated in this study by using
guava bark powder (GBP). In the batch system, effects of various
parameters like contact time, initial concentration, pH and
temperature were investigated. Removal of Hg (II) was pH
dependent and was found maximum at pH 9.0. Based on this study,
the thermodynamic parameters like change in standard Gibb's free
energy (DeltaG(0)), standard enthalpy (DeltaH(0)) and standard
entropy (DeltaS(0)) were evaluated. The rate kinetic study was

20. found to follow second-order. The applicability of Freundlich
adsorption isotherm model was tested. The value of regression
coefficient was greater than 0.99. This indicated that the
isotherm model adequately described the experimental data of the
biosorption of Hg (II). Maximum adsorption of 3.364 mgg(-1) was
reached at 80 min. The results of the study showed that guava
bark powder can be efficiently used as a low-cost alternative
for the removal of divalent mercury from aqueous solutions.( J
Hazard Mater. 2008 Nov 30)
Related Journals
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a very valuable tropical and
subtropical fruit. However, guava micro-propagation are
genotypes dependent, there are several problems associated with
in vitro cultures of guava including browning or blackening of
culture medium due to leaching of phenolics, microbial
contamination, and in vitro tissue recalcitrance. A micro-
propagation system using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 6-
benzylaminopurine (BA), kinetin and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)
was developed for guava (Psidium guajava L) from mature
cultivar. As part of this research various disinfection methods
and plant growth regulators were tested in vitro. The most
effective method involved treating explants in a 15% bleach
solution for 20 mins followed by culturing them in MS medium

21. with 250 mg/L polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). This method maximized
the percentage of bud breakage (53.3%), while producing the
minimum browning rate (18.3%) for the explants. The best
observed proliferation rate (71.2%) occurred on the MS medium
supplemented with 4.44 μM BA, 4.65 μM kinetin (KT) and 0.54 μM
NAA. It produced the highest mean number of shoots (2.2). Shoots
were then rooted (65%) when dipped in 4.9 mM Indole-3-butyric
acid (IBA) solution for 1 min and rooted plantlets survived
(100%) after acclimatization to the greenhouse.( International
Journal of Plant Biology 2011)
Many pharmacological effects have been ascribed to extracts
of Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves. However, in spite of its
widespread use in Brazilian folk medicine and a reasonable
number of scientific reports about it. In the present study, by
measuring isometric force, we observed that the crude extract of
P. guajava (water-alcohol extract obtained by macerating dry
leaves) depresses the guinea pig atrial contractility in a
concentration-dependent fashion (N = 8 hearts, 15 trials). The
compound with cardiac activity was concentrated by extraction in
a Soxhlet apparatus using 17 M glacial acetic acid after
removing the less polar fractions (hexane, chloroform, acetone,
ethanol and methanol), suggesting that this compound is a highly
polar substance. In the isolated guinea pig left atrium the

22. acetic acid fraction (10-800 mg/l) of P. guajava 1) reversibly
decreased myocardial force in a concentration-dependent fashion
(EC50 = 0.07g/l, N = 5 hearts, 9 trials, P<0.05), 2) increased
the atrial relaxation time measured at 20% of the force
amplitude up to 35% (91 ± 15 to 123 ± 30 ms, N = 3 hearts, 6
trials, P<0.05), 3) abolished the positive staircase effect
(Bowditch phenomenon) in a concentration-dependent fashion
suggesting a decrease of the cellular inward calcium current (N
= 4 hearts, 8 trials, P<0.05), and 4) its inotropic effect was
abolished by cholinergic receptor blockade with 1.5 mM atropine
sulfate, indicating a cholinergic involvement in the mechanism
of action of the extract (N = 7 hearts, 15 trials, P<0.05). The
acetic acid extract was 20 times more potent than crude extract
(EC50 = 1.4 g/l). The results showed that extracts from P.
guajava leaves depress myocardial inotropism.( Braz J Med Biol
Res, May 2008)
Guava leaf tea of Psidium guajava Linnaeus is commonly used
as a medicine against gastroenteritis and child diarrhea by
those who cannot afford or do not have access to antibiotics.
This study screened the Antimicrobial effect of essential oils
and methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate extracts from guava leaves.
THE EXTRACTS WERE TESTED AGAINST DIARRHEA-CAUSING BACTERIA:
Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli.

23. Strains that were screened included isolates from seabob shrimp,
Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) and laboratory-type strains. Of
the bacteria tested, Staphylococcus aureus strains were most
inhibited by the extracts. The methanol extract showed greatest
bacterial inhibition. No statistically significant differences
were observed between the tested extract concentrations and
their effect. The essential oil extract showed inhibitory
activity against S. aureus and Salmonella spp. The strains
isolated from the shrimp showed some resistance to commercially
available antibiotics. These data support the use of guava leaf-
made medicines in diarrhea cases where access to commercial
antibiotics is restricted. In conclusion, guava leaf extracts
and essential oil are very active against S. aureus, thus making
up important potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds.
( Gonçalves, Flávia A;Andrade Neto, Manoel;Bezerra, et. al.
2008)

24. “THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GUAVA(Psidiumguajava L)LEAVES EXTRACT IN
LOWERING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL OF THE WHITE MICE”
Chapter 3
Methodology
Research Design and Propose of the Study
This research aims to determine the effectiveness of a
Guava (Psidiumguajava L)leaves extract as an alternative
medicine in lowering blood sugar level of a white mice.
Experimental research is conducted mostly in laboratories
in the context of basic research. The principle advantage of
experimental designs is that it provides the opportunity to
identify cause-and-effect relationships. Non-experimental
research, example case studies, surveys, correlation studies, is
non-manipulative observational research usually conducted in
natural settings. While laboratory-controlled experimental
studies tend to be higher in internal validity, non-experimental
studies tend to be higher in external validity (Luzzi, J, 2008).
Population and Sampling Procedure
Using ten cages with 10 white mice, treatment will apply.

25. Research Locale
The study will be conducted at Riego’s Residence, Dawis Sur
Zarraga, Iloilo.
Method
The subject
The subject of this study will be the two sets of white
mice. One set is composed of 5 white mice exposed to a
commercialized medicine in lowering a blood sugar level. While
the other set will be exposed with the Guava (Psidiumguajava
L)leaves extract.
Table 1 will show the data of mortality of the subject a
weekly basis when exposed to commercialized medicine in lowering
blood sugar, while Table 2 shows the data of mortality of the
subject a weekly basis when exposed to guava leaves extract.

26. Table 1
Mortality rate of white mice exposed to commercialized product.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Duration Mortality Rate
--------------------------------------------------------------
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
--------------------------------------------------------------
Table 2
Mortality rate of white mice exposed to Guava (Psidiumguajava L)
leaves extract.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Duration Mortality Rate
--------------------------------------------------------------
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
--------------------------------------------------------------

27. Experimental Procedure
Materials
The equipments that will be using in the experiment are one
weighing scale, this will be use to determine the weight of each
white mice, graduated cylinder, this will be use in measuring
the amount of guava leaves extract, glucose meter, this will be
use in getting blood in each white mice, clean cloth, this will
be use in squeezing the guava leaves, 10 cages, this will be use
as the place of a white mice, 10 white mice, this will be use as
the subject to test the effectiveness of guava leaves extract,
Guava leaves, this will be use as the alternative medicine in
lowering the blood sugar level of a white mice. For the safety
measures, the researcher will wear laboratory gowns, masks,
gloves and hair net.
Procedure
A. Collection and conditioning of the subjects.
The researcher will buy 10 white mice, weighed them and
placed them in different cages. To condition the white mice
for testing, the researcher fed with the same amount of food
and water 2 times a day for 2 weeks.

28. B. Extraction of Guava leaves for Treatment
The researcher will gather leaves of guavas at Riego’s
residence, Dawis Sur Zarraga, Iloilo. The leaves of guava were
washed, and weighed. One kilogram of guava leaves were
squeezed using a clean cloth to extract the juice and
filtered.
C. Application or testing
Commercialized medicine and guava leaves extract will be
prepared. Then, white mice will be divided into two sets. Each
set will have 5 white mice to be treated by the commercialized
medicine in lowering blood sugar level and with the
Guava(Psidiumguajava L) leaves extract.
D. Data gathering
The two sets of the subject of this study will be observed for
the period of 4 weeks. Every week, the researcher will record
the mortality rate of the subjects. The data on the mortality
of the subjects will be recorded every week. The recorded data
will be subjected to statistical data analysis.

29. Statistical Data Analysis
This study will utilize the mean and standard deviation for
the descriptive statistics and the t-test for inferential
statistics. Level of significance will be set at .05 alpha.

30. Bibliography
Arima H. Isolation of antimicrobial compounds from guava
(Psidium guajava L.) and their structural elucidation. Biosci
Biotechnol Biochem. 2002;66(8): 1727-30.
Conde Garcia E. Inotropic effects of extracts of Psidium guajava
L. (guava) leaves on the guinea pig atrium.” Braz. J of Med and
Biol Res. 2003;36:661-668.
Ojewole JA, Awe EO, Chiwororo WD. Antidiarrhoeal activity of
Psidium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract in
rodents. J Smooth Muscle Res . 2008;44(6):195-207.
Ojewole JA . Hypoglycemic and hypotensive effects of Psidium
guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) leaf aqueous extract . Methods Find
Exp Clin Pharmacol . 2005;27(10):689-695.
Psidium guajava L. USDA, NRCS. 2011. The PLANTS Database (
http://plants.usda.gov , April, 2011). National Plant Data Team,
Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.
Smith, Nigal J.H, et.al, “ Tropical forests& their Crops”,
London : CornellUniversity Press : 1992.

31. Valisno, Jeoffrey. “Diabetes and the Filipino Diet” Business
World Weekender. 11-April-2013. 20-June-2014.
Facilities
weighing scale
graduated cylinder
glucose meter
clean cloth
10 cages
10 white mice
feeds
Guava leaves
Estimated Costs
a)P3,350
Research Budget:
Measure Devices-300.00
10 Cages-1,000.00
Commercialized Medicine- 300.00
Clean Cloth-50.00
10 White Mice-250.00
Feeds-250.00

32. Online Searching and Printing- 500.00
Laboratory tests to determine chemical contents of Guava
(Psidium guajava L.)-500.00
Transportation- 200.00
Source of Extra Funding
Researcher’s Fund
Travel Plan
The researcher will participate in research conferences and
events related if available within the course of the research.
CONFIDENTIALITY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
This research will be done with confidentiality on the data
that will be gathered. The replication of the study will shows
the best result. The researcher will present the research and it
acceptance will grant by the intellectual property of right
given to the researcher and to the Zarraga National High School.

33. APPROVALS
This research will use human subjects and so, before
commencing the research, ethics approval to undertake research
involving human subjects require from the Human Research Ethics
Committee of Zarraga National High School.
SUBMISSION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL/ DETAILS OF PROPOSED
RESEARCH
Two copies of this proposal that has the details of the
proposed research will submit to Zarraga National High School