4. Permanent settlement
LORD CORNWALLIS introduced a revenue
system in the states of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa
known as PERMANANENT SETTLEMENT. This
was a pact made with the Zamindars, who
collected revenue from the peasants and handed
over a fixed amount to the British.
5. The Zamindars extracted exorbitant
revenue from the peasant and become
wealthy. The company also received
their share without any failure. But the
condition of peasants, who were
unable to bear the tax burden, was
pathetic
6. Ryotwari system
This system prevailed in the southern
provinces of British India. Under this
system company collected revenue
directly from farmers. But they did
not provide any proprietary rights on
the cultivating land to the peasants.
The taxes were also very high.
7. MAHALWARI SYSTEM
This system of revenue collection
prevailed in the central and northern
provinces of British India. According
to this system, the company collected
the tax remitted by village heads or
heads of joint families and not from
the individual farmers.
8. EFFECTS ON
PEASANTS
East India company levied taxes in
the form of liquid cash.
In order to simplify the taxation
process ,all the lands were measured
and ‘’pattas’’ were issued to the
farmers.
Taxes were calculated according to
the extent of land
9. They had to pay a fixed amount and
there was no relaxation even for crop
failure.
The peasants had to take loans from
the rural money lenders to pay their
taxes.
The indebted farmers were ill-treated
by the money lenders. The police and the
court also supported the money lenders
and Zamindars.
10. The intensity of the exploitation
faced by the peasants increased day
by day and finally led to the clashes
between landlords and peasants.
11. CONCLUSION
The land revenue policies
adopted by the British worked
As tool to exploit the poor
peasants as we discussed above.
